邵铭教授运用茵陈玉露饮治疗肝病经验

茵陈玉露饮出自费伯雄的《医醇賸义》,由茵陈蒿、玉竹、石斛、天花粉、葛根、山栀子、萆薢等11味药物组成,诸药合用,共奏养阴清利,健脾和胃之效。文章通过临床典型病案,论述邵铭教授运用茵陈玉露饮治疗自身免疫性肝病的临床经验。文章所述自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎,虽病症不同,但均有津亏夹湿之象,皆可用茵陈玉露饮加减取效,从而获得了异病同治的治疗效果,拓展了中医中药治疗自身免疫性肝疾病的思路和范围。     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者低骨量、骨质疏松危险因素的研究

目的 探讨原发性胆汁性胆管炎（primary biliary cholangitis,PBC）患者发生低骨量、骨质疏松的危险因素。方法 采用病例对照的研究方法,回顾性收集2018年11月至2020年6月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院完善了骨密度检查的PBC患者128例,根据骨密度检查结果分为3组,骨量正常组28例,低骨量组58例,骨质疏松组42例,分析PBC患者发生低骨量、骨质疏松的危险因素。结果 在PBC骨量正常、低骨量、骨质疏松3组患者中,年龄、PBC病史、熊去氧胆酸（ursodeoxycholic acid,UDCA）治疗疗程、UDCA治疗应答情况、长期使用利尿剂、肝硬化、腹水、肌少症、高脂血症,以及胆汁酸、DB 、IgA、IL-6水平不同,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中,高龄、合并腹水、肌少症、高脂血症是PBC患者发生低骨量、骨质疏松的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 PBC患者低骨量、骨质疏松发生率较高,高龄、腹水、肌少症、高脂血症是PBC患者发生低骨量、骨质疏松的独立危险因素。     

Comparative Analysis of Outcomes in Living and Deceased Donor Liver Transplants for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Introduction  Primary sclerosing cholangitits (PSC) is a progressive fibrosing cholangiopathy eventually leading to end-stage liver disease (ESLD). While literature for deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) for PSC abounds, only a few reports describe live donor liver transplant (LDLT) in the setting of PSC. We present a single-center experience on survival outcomes and disease recurrence for LDLT and DDLT for ESLD secondary to PSC. Aim  The aim of this study was to analyze survival outcomes and disease recurrence for LDLT and DDLT for ESLD secondary to PSC. Patients and Methods  A retrospective review of 58 primary liver transplants for PSC-associated ESLD, performed between May 1995 and January 2007, was done. Patients were divided into two groups based on donor status. Group 1 (n = 14) patients received grafts from living donors, while group 2 (n = 44) patients received grafts from deceased donors. An analysis of survival outcomes and disease recurrence was performed. Recurrence was confirmed based on radiological and histological criteria. Results  Recurrence of PSC was observed in four patients in LDLT group and seven in DDLT group. Retransplantation was required in one patient in LDLT group and nine patients in DDLT group. One patient (7%) among LDLT and six patients (14%) among DDLT died. The difference in patient and graft survival was not statistically significant between the two groups (patient survival, p = 0.60; graft survival, p = 0.24). Conclusion  This study demonstrates equivalent survival outcomes between LDLT and DDLT for PSC; however, the rate of recurrence may be higher in patients undergoing LDLT.     

生长激素加胃肠外营养在老年急性重症胆管炎中的疗效分析

目的　分析生长激素加胃肠外营养在老年急性重症胆管炎中的疗效。方法　对 96例老年急性重症胆管炎近期 5 0例全部应用生长激素加胃肠外营养支持 ,同单纯胃肠外营养治疗的46例进行比较。结果　与对照组比较 ,应用生长激素加胃肠外营养支持治疗组严重并发症的发生率及病死率明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　生长激素加胃肠外营养是治疗老年急性重症胆管炎重要的、有效的支持方法。     

Proctocolectomy–Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis After Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Multi-institutional Analysis

Background  The association between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and ulcerative colitis (UC) often mandates their contemporaneous management. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) has emerged as the only curative therapy for PSC, and total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the definitive treatment for refractory UC. The published experience to date describing IPAA after OLTX has been limited; we sought to examine outcomes associated with proctocolectomy-IPAA after OLTX. Materials and Methods  We reviewed our multi-institutional experience performing proctocolectomy-IPAA for UC after OLTX for PSC. Results  Twenty-two patients underwent proctocolectomy-IPAA for UC after OLTX for PSC at four academic medical centers between 1989 and 2006. No perioperative complications or allograft dysfunction were observed. During a median follow-up of 52 months, complications have included transient dehydration (n = 6), chronic pouchitis (n = 2), recurrent PSC (n = 2), small bowel obstruction (n = 2), and pouch-anal anastomotic stricture (n = 1). Median 24-h stool frequency was 5, and fecal continence was reported as satisfactory by all patients. Conclusions  This multi-institutional experience suggests that proctocolectomy-IPAA can be performed safely after OLTX. Management strategies should include optimization of small bowel length during pouch and ileostomy construction, vigorous postoperative hydration, early ileostomy closure, and careful monitoring for pouchitis.     

左旋门冬氨酸鸟氨酸在急性重症胆管炎围手术期中的应用研究

目的评估左旋门冬氨酸鸟氨酸在急性重症型胆管炎(ACST)患者围手术期的应用价值。方法将69例ACST患者随机分两组:A组为实验组(应用左旋门冬氨酸鸟氨酸组),共36例;B组为对照组(常规治疗组),共33例。术后第1、5、7天分别检测患者的白细胞计数、血小板计数、ALT、AST、TBIL以及监测肾功能BUN、Cr等指标。结果A组患者上述指标改善明显优于B组,两组数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ACST患者围手术期应用左旋门冬氨酸鸟氨酸可加快患者术后恢复,减少术后并发症及降低病死率。     

吉非替尼对表皮生长因子受体在胆管上皮细胞中表达的影响及意义

目的通过观察吉非替尼对肝内病变胆管上皮细胞中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)表达的影响,探讨抑制胆管上皮细胞过度增殖的可行性。方法选择双流县第一人民医院2006年8月至2008年8月期间住院需要手术的肝内胆管结石患者共61例,年龄25～65岁(平均46.92岁),随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组30例,术中在病变胆管内留置细导管,术后灌注吉非替尼溶液;对照组31例只作T管引流。分别于术中、术后6周和12周行胆道镜碎石及取石的同时,活检灌注处的病变胆管壁组织,行HE染色、免疫组化和RT-PCR检测,观察组织学变化和EGFR的表达。结果术中,2组胆管壁病理组织学改变及EGFR蛋白和mRNA表达无明显差异。术后6周和12周,治疗组的胆管黏膜上皮和黏膜下腺体增殖程度均较对照组明显减弱,EGFR蛋白表达较对照组明显减弱,EGFR mRNA表达明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论 EGFR在慢性增生性胆管炎中呈过表达状态,术后局部持续给予吉非替尼治疗能够特异性地阻断EGFR的激活和表达,能有效地抑制术后胆管上皮细胞的过度增殖。     

急性化脓性胆管炎患者血清免疫抑制酸性 蛋白水平的变化及其临床意义

目的 研究急性化脓性胆管炎（APC）患者血清免疫抑制酸性蛋白（IAP）水平,并探讨其临床 意义。方法 选取2017 年1 月—2018 年12 月浙江新安国际医院有限公司和嘉兴市中医医院收治的APC 患 者160 例作为APC组,同期健康体检者160 例作为对照组。测定IAP、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、C反应蛋白（CRP）、 白细胞计数（WBC）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）及直接胆红素（DBIL）水平,计算中性粒细胞/ 淋巴细胞比值 （NLR）。结果 APC 组治疗前IAP、CRP、WBC、ALP 及DBIL 水平和NLR 值高于对照组（P <0.05）。重 症组血清IAP、CRP、WBC、ALP、DBIL 及NLR 高于轻症组（P <0.05）。APC 组治疗后血清IAP、CRP、 WBC、ALP、DBIL 及NLR 低于治疗前（P <0.05）。APC 患者血清IAP 水平与NLR、CRP、WBC、ALP 及 DBIL 呈正相关（r =0.702、0.684、0.573、0.487 和0.526,均P =0.000）。结论 APC 患者血清IAP 水平升高, IAP 水平在APC 病情严重程度、炎症反应及疗效评估中具有一定指导价值。     

细胞毒性T细胞穿入现象在原发性胆汁性胆管炎中的表现及意义*

目的:研究原发性胆汁性胆管炎(primary biliary cholangitis,PBC)中发生CD8+细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)穿入现象及其意义。方法:收集53例PBC患者肝穿刺标本,采用H&E染色和免疫荧光染色方法,在光学显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜下观察PBC肝组织中CTL的穿入及穿入宿主细胞的类型,并分析与病程的关系。结果:53例PBC患者中10例(18.9%)发生淋巴细胞穿入肝细胞,15例(28.3%)发生淋巴细胞穿入胆管上皮,仅1例患者同时存在淋巴细胞穿入肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞。免疫荧光染色证实穿入的淋巴细胞是CD8阳性细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)。早期PBC患者中4例(22.2%)、晚期PBC患者中6例(17.1%)发生CTL穿入肝细胞,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早期PBC患者中9例(50.0%)、晚期PBC患者中6例(17.1%)发生CTL穿入胆管上皮,两组差异有统计学意义(Z=2.52,P<0.05)。结论:在PBC肝组织中,CTL可穿入肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞,CTL穿入胆管上皮细胞并导致其发生凋亡可能是PBC发病过程中胆管损伤的机制之一。