局部晚期非小细胞肺癌同步化放疗与序贯化放疗比较的Meta分析

目的比较同步化放疗与序贯化放疗对局部晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效、毒副作用和生存期的影响，为局部晚期非小细胞肺癌临床治疗方案的选择提供参考依据。方法通过MEDLINE检索并收集近10年来发表的局部晚期非小细胞肺癌应用同步化放疗与序贯化放疗比较的前瞻性随机对照临床试验文献，包括了含诱导化疗及不含诱导化疗的方案，对符合要求的研究进行Meta分析。结果符合纳入条件的有6项临床试验，共计1316例患者（其中1126例死亡），Meta分析结果显示，同步化放疗组与序贯化放疗组比较，两者肺毒性相当，但同步化放疗组Ⅲ度以上食管炎和中性粒细胞减少的发生率分别增加了15．01％和14．43％，治疗相关的死亡率增加了2．49％。差异具有统计学意义。同步化放疗组中位生存时间较序贯化放疗组增加了2．7个月，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．01，中位生存时间效应指数（d）为0．45，为中效应（0．2〈d〈0．8）。同步化放疗组2年死亡风险为0．88（死亡风险下降12％，绝对受益率2．8％），3年和5年的死亡风险分别为0．92和0．99，绝对生存受益率分别为1．4％和0．05％。结论虽然同步化放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的中位生存时间、2年和5年生存率显著高于序贯化放疗治疗模式，转换为2年的绝对生存受益率提高了2．8％，但相关毒副作用和死亡风险显著增加，3。5年的绝对受益率较低，受益／毒性比欠佳。因此临床对有并发症或者存在高风险的患者选择同步化放疗须慎重。     

Phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with use of uneven fractionation for the treatment of glioblastoma

Background A phase II one-arm study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with the use of uneven fractionation in glioblastoma patients. Methods A total of 19 glioblastoma patients underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy with the use of uneven fractionation. Vincristine (VCR) and 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) were administered on day 1 and day 2, respectively. Irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy was administered on days 3 and 4, and at a dose of 1.5 Gy from day 5 on. The treatment was repeated at 10 day intervals. The total radiation dose was 57 Gy. Results All 19 patients received full dose irradiation. However, 8 patients required treatment interruption, and 2 patients required decreases in drug dosages due to the effects of acute toxicity such as, myelosuppression, liver function disorder and skin toxicity. The treatment responses were recorded as CR in 5, PR in 1, and NC in 10 patients. The remaining three patients received total removal of the enhancing area on CT or MRI. The 1 year and 2 year survival rates were 73% and 23%, respectively. The median survival times of this study and the historical controls were 16 months and 15 months, respectively. Conclusion The concurrent chemoradiotherapy failed to prolong the survival of glioblastoma patients.     

Treatment for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma complicated by fistulas: Case report

Two cases of advanced esophageal carcinoma complicated by fistula formation, treated with esophageal prostheses followed by chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy, are reported. Chemoradiotherapy may be indicated in esophageal carcinoma cases with fistulas if an excellent antitumor response is expected. However, the indication for prosthesis insertion should be limited due to the risk of perforation, which may be a lethal complication.     

VM26+DDP方案同期联合脑放疗治疗支气管肺癌脑转移

背景与目的：近年来肺癌脑转移的发病率随着支气管肺癌的发病率逐年增加而明显上升，文献报道达30％-50％。放射治疗是治疗脑转移的主要手段，而目前为止化疗与放疗联合治疗脑转移的研究较少。本研究旨在比较支气管肺癌脑转移同步放化疗与单放疗的临床疗效、生存率和毒性反应。方法：自2000年9月至2001年10月将41例支气管肺癌患者随机分组，其中20例进入同步放化疗组，21例进入单放疗组。同步放化疗组中，男性14例，女性6例，平均年龄50岁（范围40—70岁），非小细胞肺癌16例，小细胞癌4例；单放疗组中，男性14例，女性7例，平均年龄52岁（范围40—73岁），非小细胞肺癌19例，小细胞癌2例。同步放化疗组化疗方案：鬼臼噻吩甙（VM26）每天60mg／m^2，d1-3；顺铂（DDP）60mg／m^2，d1；放射治疗从化疗第1天开始，6MV-X线照射，3Gy／次，全脑照射二周总剂量为30Gy／10次。单放疗组：放射治疗方案同同步放化疗组。结果：全组所有患者均按计划完成治疗。同步放化疗组完全缓解率（CR）为25％，部分缓解率（PR）为50％，无变化（SD）为25％。单放疗组CR为4．76％，PR为33．33％，无变化（SD）为61．9％。两组的CR率及有效率（CR＋PR）均有显著性差异（P=0．011，P=0．019）。同步放化疗组的1、2、4年生存率分别为44．44％、33．33％、11．11％，中位生存时间为14月。单放疗组的1、2、4年生存率为31．58％、26．67％、0％，中位生存时间为11月。两组无显著性差异（P=0．2015）。毒副反应：同步放化疗组Ⅲ／Ⅳ度白细胞下降（40％），血小板下降（25％）和胃肠道反应（50％）与单放疗组比（4．76％，0，9．52％），均有显著性差异（P=0．007，P=0．016，P=0．005）。结论：对支气管肺癌脑转移治疗同步放化疗的方案，其近期有效率优于单放疗，并且有提高远期生存率的可能性，虽毒副反应增加，但患者均能耐受。     

肿瘤同时放化疗治疗的研究进展

综合治疗是治疗肿瘤的基本原则，同时放化疗已成为肿瘤临床治疗中最常见的综合治疗形式。本文将对肿瘤放疗化疗综合治疗的形成和发展，放疗、化疗相互作用的可能生物学机制，同时放化疗临床应用的形式以及生物靶向治疗联合放疗发展前景进行讨论。     

Predictors of survival following surgical resection of thymoma

The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of long-term survival following surgical resection of thymoma. Forty-one patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of thymoma were evaluated and treated over a 30-year period (1961 to 1991) at our institution. Seven patients (Masaoka stage III or IV) were unresectable and were treated by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, with an overall 5 year survival of 50%. Thirty-four patients underwent primary surgical excision of the thymoma, most often through a median sternotomy, with 5- and 10-year survivals of 90%. Complete excision of the thymoma was achieved in 31 patients with a median survival of 54 months vs. 17 months if incomplete. Independent prognostic factors influencing survival were stage, histology, and patients judged to have a benign thymoma at surgery. Although the thymoma was associated with myasthenia gravis (8 patients) and second primary cancers (8 patients), neither factor was associated with overall survival. We conclude that the most significant predictors of long-term survival of thymoma include complete excision, Masaoka stage I disease, and lymphocytic histology. Multivariate analysis suggested that postoperative chemoradio-therapy may impact on survival. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Phase II study of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: Long-term follow-up results. Japan Clinical Oncology Group Protocol 8902

Background:Although chemoradiotherapy is standard treatment forunresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), few long-termsurvival data exist. Patients and methods:Between October 1989 and December 1991, 74patients with histologically or cytologically proven NSCLC, unresectable stageIIIA or IIIB, were entered into this study. Seventy patients were eligible andevaluable for response, toxicity, and survival analysis. Chemotherapyconsisted of cisplatin (100 mg/m² on days 1, 29, and 57) andvindesine (3 mg/m² on days 1, 8, 29, 36, 57, and 64). Thoracicradiotherapy was administered for two weeks (2 Gy given 10 times, fivefractions per week), and after a 14-day rest period, the previous schedule ofradiotherapy was repeated for two weeks. A 10-Gy to 20-Gy dose of radiotherapywas administered during the third cycle of chemotherapy. Results:Of the 70 evaluable patients, 1 (1.4%) hada complete response (CR) and 51 (72.9%) had a partial response (PR).The median survival time was 14.8 months, and the five-year survival rate was14.8%. The major toxicity was leukopenia ( grade 3, 93%).Other toxicities grade 3 included anemia (34%),nausea/vomiting (27%), alopecia (7%), thrombocytopenia(4%), and serum creatinine elevation (1%). Treatment relateddeath occurred in two patients (2.8%). One patient died of pneumoniaand pneumothorax, and the other of hemoptysis. Conclusions:Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy has thepotential to provide long-term survival with acceptable toxicities.     

Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone in the treatment of locoregionally advanced resectable cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx: results of single-center study of 45 patients

BACKGROUND: Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and fluorouracil and radiotherapy is an effective alternative to surgery in patients with carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx who are treated for organ preservation. METHODS: We designed a protocol to evaluate the possibility of organ preservation in patients with advanced, resectable carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. Forty-five eligible patients who were followed up between April 1999 and May 2001 were enrolled. Initially, these patients were treated with two cycles of induction chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, 20 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 5, and 5-fluorouracil, 600 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion on days 1 to 5. Patients who had a complete response to chemotherapy were treated with definitive radiotherapy; patients who had a partial response to chemotherapy were treated with chemoradiotherapy. Cisplatin, 35 mg/m2/week, was introduced throughout the duration of radiotherapy. Patients who had no response or progressive disease underwent surgery with postoperative radiotherapy. Patients with N2 or N3 positive lymph nodes underwent neck dissection after the treatment. RESULTS: The mean age was 56.6 years (range, 34-75 years). The overall response rate to induction chemotherapy was 71.1%, with a 17.8% complete response rate and 53.3% partial response rate. With a median follow-up of 13.7 months, 23 (51.1%) of all patients and 63.3% of surviving patients have had a preservation of the larynx or hypopharynx and remain disease free. The most common toxicities were nausea and vomiting and mucositis. CONCLUSION: Organ preservation, with multimodality treatment, may be achievable in some of the patients with resectable, advanced larynx or hypopharynx cancers without apparent compromise of survival.     

Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose to predict pathologic response after induction chemotherapy and definitive chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: Conventional imaging is limited in identifying persistent disease after organ-preserving therapy for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We studied the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) with (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) in restaging disease in patients with SCCHN after they had undergone induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: Forty patients with advanced SCCHN were treated with ICT followed by CRT. FDG-PET imaging was performed to assess for residual cancer at the primary site and in nodal metastases. Two nuclear medicine physicians interpreted PET scans in random sequence. Test characteristics were calculated with pathologic analysis or clinical recurrence as the standard. RESULTS: After induction chemotherapy, PET imaging had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 65% for detecting persistent disease at the primary tumor site. After ICT and CRT were completed, the sensitivity and specificity of PET imaging were 67% and 53%, respectively, for detecting occult disease in cervical lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET imaging showed some correlation with pathologic response after ICT and CRT in patients with advanced SCCHN. The use of FDG-PET warrants further investigation in this setting.