Transitions: Placing a Son or Daughter with Intellectual Disability and Challenging Behaviour in Alternative Residential Provision

Introduction The timing of moves to alternative care has implications for the effective support of people with intellectual disabilities and their families. Essex et al. (1997 ) proposed three transition profiles: ‘normative’, ‘stress process’ and ‘postponed’. The applicability of these profiles to people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour was tested. Methods Qualitative analysis of interviews with families of 13 males and five females aged between 11 and 35 years, who had left home, was undertaken. Results Few people moved due to ‘normative’ family life cycle changes. The majority left because of family difficulties (‘stress process’). This model was elaborated and three transition routes described: ‘forensic’– involving police contact (actual/potential), ‘family’– reflecting problems in the family and ‘service’– deficits leading to placement out of district. Conclusions This research suggests that people (particularly young men) with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour enter statutory care earlier than their counterparts, and people with different levels of intellectual and physical disabilities follow different transition routes.     

A comparison of natural and non-natural soundscapes on people with severe or profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Background Previous research indicates that there is a relationship between the auditory environment and the core affects (or mood) of people with severe or profound intellectual disability. We conducted a systematic study to further explore this relationship.

Method Thirteen participants with severe or profound intellectual disability and challenging behaviour were presented with 5 different soundscapes (Beach, Forest, Urban, Music, and Silence) in a dedicated room. Direct support professionals made core affect observations before and after each trial.

Results A trend was visible in the core affect observations, with a prominent and consistent increase in the frequency of observations of a Relaxed core affect across conditions. However, a greater increase in the frequency of observations of a Relaxed core affect and a greater decrease in the frequency of observations of an Interested core affect were associated with the natural conditions (Forest and Beach) rather than the non-natural conditions (Urban and Music).

Conclusion This pilot study could serve an important role in raising awareness and stimulating further research regarding the auditory environments of people with severe or profound intellectual disability.     

论中医药文化核心价值体系建设的现实境遇

中医药文化核心价值体系融进了中华民族优秀文化的血脉中,集中体现了中国传统科学文化和现代人文精神.但是,它在当代仍然面临着如下尴尬的现实境遇:在国家政策层面上,力主扶持与具体落实相分离;在主体部门层面上,高度重视与实际成效相分裂;在学术研究层面上,不乏力作与视野局限相矛盾;在民众体认层面上,利益需求与消极抵制相冲突.     

上海某社区2012年度重点管理高血压患者随访情况分析

目的 对康健社区2012年重点管理高血压患者的随访情况进行分析,了解目前社区高血压患者管理的现状.方法 采用现况研究的方法,分析2012年度康健社区4 300名重点管理高血压患者的随访情况.结果 康健社区重点管理高血压患者随访情况呈现出以下特点：随着患者年龄增长,不同组别、不同服务站点以及不同性别的高血压重点管理患者接受全科医生门诊随访比例均高于传统的上门随访,占50％以上.结 论全科医生门诊代访在慢性病管理中的优势日益显现,可作为今后社区高血压分级管理的适宜方式加以推广.     

Screening for Psychiatric Disorders in a Total Population of Adults with Intellectual Disability and Challenging Behaviour Using the PAS‐ADD Checklist

Background Previous research has suggested a variety of possible relationships between the presence of symptoms of psychiatric disorder and challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disability. This study explores this relationship in a total population sample of adults with challenging behaviour. Materials and Methods Over 800 service settings in a defined geographical area were screened to identify individuals with challenging behaviour. Detailed behavioural data, Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with a Developmental Disability (PAS‐ADD) checklist and Adaptive Behaviour Scale (Part 1) scores were collected on 76% of the 930 adults identified. Results Just under 17% of participants reached threshold scores on one on more subscales of the PAS‐ADD checklist. There was some evidence of increasing behavioural severity being associated with increasing psychiatric symptoms. There were no associations between specific forms of challenging behaviour and individual symptoms. Conclusions The data would appear supportive of previous suggestions that it is unlikely that the majority of challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disability are underpinned by psychiatric disorder.     

对新形势下高校党建带团建工作的思考

新形势下,高校党建带团建工作面临新的机遇与挑战,应突出带思想建设、带组织建设、带作风建设、带创先争优活动的重要性,强化高校党建带团建工作。     

Staff in services for people with intellectual disabilities: the impact of stress on attributions of challenging behaviour

Background There is a lack of a conceptual framework as to how stress and attribution variables interact and influence staff behaviour in response to challenging behaviour. To address this, a model is tested examining the impact of stress on attributions of challenging behaviour within Weiner's model of helping. Method A total of 107 staff working in community homes for people with intellectual disabilities completed a self-report questionnaire that measured stress, burnout, attributions, emotions, optimism and helping behaviour in response to challenging behaviour. Results Partial support was found for the role of attributions and emotions. However, although staff reported high stress levels and moderate burnout, this did not appear to relate to their reporting of thoughts and feelings regarding challenging behaviour predicted by Weiner's helping model. It was not possible to fully test the helping model, as the ‘help’ variable was not normally distributed. Conclusions There was little evidence to suggest that stress has a primary role in determining staff responses when examined within Weiner's model of helping. Limited support in general was offered for Weiner's helping model. Potential conceptual difficulties and clinical implications are explored and alternative models for future research are discussed.     

宁夏贫困地区回族小学生吸烟习惯现况分析

目的了解贫困地区回族小学生烟草接触现状及城乡差异,对比分析其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取宁夏固原市原州区城乡4所小学的1～5年级共20个班512名回族小学生为研究对象,对他们尝试吸烟和被动吸烟状况及影响因素进行初步调查和研究。结果回族小学生尝试吸烟年龄最小为6岁,总体尝试吸烟率为23.4%,且随着年级的增高而上升;总体被动吸烟率为62.7%,且城市高于农村(χ2=4.25,P<0.05)。城乡回族小学生家庭中有人吸烟的比例分别为57.5%和46.7%,差异有显著性(χ2=5.71,P<0.05)。城乡回族小学生尝试吸烟者第一支烟从家中、从同学朋友处、自己购买三个来源相当。在被动吸烟的回族小学生中,城市和农村分别有52.2%和73.7%从家庭获得,城乡间差异有显著性(χ2=23.72P<0.005)。在吸烟危害认知方面,城乡知晓者所占比重均在90%以上,而对被动吸烟危害的认知和态度方面则均稍差一些,但均以城市好于农村。结论宁夏贫困地区回族小学生烟草接触率较高,与其生活环境关系密切。     

Psychometric evaluation of the Drinking Patterns Questionnaire: a measure of high-risk drinking situations

PURPOSE: The Drinking Patterns Questionnaire (DPQ) is a self-report instrument designed to identify high-risk (HR) drinking situations. While prior investigation has established the preliminary psychometric properties of the DPQ, additional research is needed. The current study evaluated the construct validity of the Work-Related, Financial, Parents, and Children subscales of the DPQ as well as the internal consistency of all subscales. METHOD: One hundred and thirty-four alcohol-dependent inpatients completed a questionnaire packet containing the DPQ, a demographics questionnaire, four measures used to evaluate the convergent validity of DPQ subscales, and three measures of alcohol use disorder symptoms. RESULTS: DPQ subscales evidenced adequate to strong internal consistency (coefficient alphas of .691 to .921). Significant Pearson's r correlations were found between scores on the Work-Related, Financial, and Children subscales and those on their corresponding correlate measures. Findings for the validity of the Parents subscale were mixed. CONCLUSION: Study results provide support for the construct validity for the Work-Related, Financial, and Children subscales and indicate that all DPQ subscales exhibit solid internal consistency.