The vascular anatomy of the spiral lamina and the spiral limbus in the adult rat

Summary A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of corrosion cast preparations of the vessels of the spiral lamina and the spiral limbus was carried out in adult rats. This method confirms present knowledge of the modiolar vascularization and also shows its distribution in a three-dimensional model. As a result of this technique we have been able to demonstrate the modiolar vascular supply of the organ of Corti at different levels.     

原发性高血压病患者尿微量蛋白测定与管型蛋白质分析的临床意义

用ELISA法检测微量尿白蛋白(Alb)、IgG、IgA、IgM,用酶标抗体染色作尿管型蛋白成份分析,对123例原发性高血压患者进行了观察。结果提示,高血压患者尿Al1b、IgG、IgA、IgM显著升高,与疾病严重程度、血压高低、病程长短有密切关系。治疗后可降至正常。患者管型中不含IgG、IgA、IgM与Alb。两法联合应用,有助于区别肾性与原发性高血压,并可对原发性高血压的肾功能改变进行早期预测与监护。     

管型毛发合并牵拉性脱发

患者女，18岁。颞部脱发6个月，发干上有淡白色半透明聚集物15年。脱发区主要在额部及又侧颞部，枕部未受累。在脱发区边缘，长发的中间或近端有白色的小结节包绕毛干，约0.5-4.0mm长，可沿着发干移动。患者连续11年将头发盘在头顶部，并扎得很紧。有5年头发根部扎紧成马尾巴发型。就诊后，未用任何药物，仅将头发剪短，散天，约3个月后，发干套状物消失，颞部毛发基本恢复正常密度。     

A comparison of mathematical models for estimating right ventricular volumes in animals and man

Volume of 19 right ventricular canine casts and 11 right ventricular human casts were obtained by water displacement and compared to three different mathematical models for estimating right ventricular volumes by biplane cineangiography. In the canine studies, significant linear correlation coefficients were obtained using the longest measured length method (r = 0.92), the triangular modification of Simpson's rule (r = 0.93), and the elliptical modification of Simpson's rule (r = 0.93). The human studies resulted in similar significant correlation coefficients of 0.96, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively. Although the highest correlation with the lowest standard error of estimate was obtained using the triangular model, all three mathematical models produced volume estimations that feel within acceptabe biological limits of accuracy.     

Spica cast guidelines for parents and health professionals

The current literature on how a parent, nurse or health visitor should care for a child whilst restricted within a spica cast is limited and dated. This article aims to define the term spica cast, briefly describe the paediatric orthopaedic conditions with which spica casting is utilised and propose evidenced based guidelines. Such guidance is targeted at parents and health professionals. The new guidelines provide general and troubleshooting information along with pertinent contact details. The incidence of spica cast application in Northern Ireland is discussed. Recommendations are offered with a proposal for auditing the new guidelines for health professional and parental evaluation.     

Fetoplacental vascular alterations associated with fetal growth restriction

Introduction

Placental functional impairment in pregnancies with fetal growth restriction (FGR) can arise from fetoplacental vascular abnormalities. We aimed to compare the micro and macrovasculature of placentas from normal pregnancies with those showing late onset FGR.

Methods

Placental arterial casts (n = 12 normal, 6 FGR) were prepared. Chorionic arterial number and inter-branch length were examined. Microvascular features were quantified in CD34-stained tissue sections obtained by systematic (n = 12 normal, 12 FGR) and targeted (n = 6 normal, 6 FGR) sampling from the placental periphery and centre.

Results

Adjusted for the weight of the placenta or the surface area of the chorionic plate, the number of chorionic arteries was similar in normal and FGR arterial casts. Inter-branch length per unit placental weight was greater in the first generation of arterial branches in FGR (p < 0.05). Villi in FGR placentas were more poorly vascularised, particularly at the periphery and in grossly visible hypovascular regions. Intermediate and terminal FGR villi in these areas exhibited reduced vessel lumens, loss of CD34, and infilling with CD34-negative cells of what appeared to be previously existing vascular spaces.

Conclusion

Differences in chorionic arterial branching patterns between normal and FGR placentas arise from differences in placental size. FGR placentas show microvascular regression and extreme hypovascularity in peripheral areas. These features may well limit the ability of the placenta to meet fetal nutrient requirements late in gestation. Targeted sampling is more effective than systematic random sampling in revealing vascular defects.     

夹板与石膏管型外固定物治疗儿童前臂远端隆突样骨折的系统评价

背景：儿童前臂远端隆突样骨折一般无继发移位风险,文献报道可通过石膏管型、掌侧托、夹板、支具以及绷带等外固定物治疗获得满意疗效。但是不同外固定物治疗对患儿功能恢复及生活能力的影响并不明确。 目的：评价夹板与石膏管型外固定物治疗儿童前臂远端隆突样骨折的疗效和安全性。 方法：计算机检索Medline、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆(2011年第3期)及中国生物医学数据库、中国期刊全文数据库,检索时限为建库至2011年4月;手工检索相关会议论文;在线检索重要临床试验注册中心,文献检索无语种限制。收集随机对照及半随机对照试验,行质量评价并采用Revman 5.1行Meta分析。 结果与结论：纳入2项研究,包括314例患者,1项随机对照试验评价为B级,1项半随机对照试验评价为C级。结果表明,夹板与石膏管型外固定物治疗后均无骨折、骨折不愈合以及再骨折,患肢疼痛以及书写、绘画、自理饮食、洗漱4方面生活能力差异无显著性意义;而固定后患儿洗澡能力夹板组早期优于石膏管型组,后期差异无显著性意义。参加规律运动方面亦为夹板固定组优于石膏管型固定组。两种固定方法不良事件发生率比较差异无显著性意义。提示夹板与石膏管型外固定物治疗儿童前臂远端隆突样骨折后患肢疼痛无明显改善,但夹板固定有利于维持洗澡能力及参加规律运动,且安全性良好。但仍需设计良好、实施完善的大样本、多中心随机对照试验验证。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：