The hyaloid vascular system of the pig

Summary The hyaloid vascular system of the pig was studied from 4 weeks of gestation until 2 weeks after birth by means of semithin sections and vascular corrosion casts. The vascular tunic of the lens is supplied by the posterior lens branches of the hyaloid artery (at the posterior lens pole), by the intermediate lens branches of the proper hyaloid arteries (at the lens equator) and by the anterior lens branches of the radial iridial arteries (at the anterior lens pole). Venous drainage takes place via the venous lens branches which leave the lens anteriorly and drain into the radial iridial veins. Regression of the vascular tunic of the lens occurs during the second half of fetal life and is nearly completed in the first postnatal days. The involution first affects the proper hyaloid arteries and their intermediate lens branches. Subsequently, the posterior lens branches regress, whereas the anterior lens branches in the pupillary membrane disappear in the perinatal period only.Abbreviations 1 Hyaloid artery - 2 proper hyaloid arteries - 3 annular plexus - 4 posterior lens branches - 5 intermediate lens branches - 6 major arterial circle of the iris - 7 radial iridial arteries - 8 anterior lens branches - 9 venous lens branches - 10 radial iridial veins - 11 retinal blood vessel - C Cornea - CP ciliary processes - I iris - L lens - ON optic nerve - PM pupillary membrane - R retina - VTL vascular tunic of the lens. White bar in Figs. 4–16=1 mm     

Vascular alterations in the canine kidney following obstruction of the urinary tract

Summary Changes in the vasculature of the canine kidney following four weeks obstruction of the ureter via double ligature is described on the basis of SEM investigation. Three significant alterations were observed: 1) A two-thirds reduction in the depth of the renal cortex as compared to controls. 2) Rarification of the entire cortical capillary bed. 3) Reduction in both the number and diameter of the glomeruli. The rarification of the post-glomerular capillaries is interpreted to be a pressure atrophy, whereas the reduction in the number of renal glomeruli and the concommitant diminuation of their capillary loops is thought to represent a functional atrophy.     

Urine erythrocyte morphology in patients with microscopic haematuria caused by a glomerulopathy

The evaluation of urinary erythrocyte morphology (UEM) has been proposed for patients with isolated microscopic haematuria (IMH) to early orientate the diagnosis towards a glomerular or a nonglomerular disease. However, to date, the role of this test in patients with IMH has very rarely been investigated. Sixteen patients (ten children, six adults) with persistent IMH classified as glomerular on the basis of repeated UEM evaluations (55 urine samples, two to eight per patient) were submitted to renal biopsy. This showed a glomerular disease in 14/16 patients (87.5%) (nine thin basement membrane disease; three Alport syndrome; two other), whereas in two patients, no abnormalities were found. Of four microscopic criteria investigated to define a IMH as glomerular, >80% dysmorphic erythrocytes were not found in any sample, >or=40% dysmorphic erythrocytes alone were seen in seven samples (12.7%), >or=5% acanthocytes alone in 15 samples (27.3%) and erythrocytic casts in six samples (10.9%). There was >or=40% dysmorphic erythrocytes associated with >or=5% acanthocytes in 25 samples (45.5%). Sensitivity and positive predictive values in diagnosing a glomerular haematuria were 59.2% and 90.6%, respectively, for >or=40% dysmorphic erythrocytes, 69.4% and 85% for >or=5% acanthocytes/G1 cells and 12.2% and 100% for erythrocytic casts. Our findings demonstrate that the evaluation of UEM is useful to identify patients with an IMH of glomerular origin.     

Microvascular anatomy of the non-lobulated liver of adult Xenopus laevis: A scanning electron microscopic study of vascular casts

The microvascular anatomy of the non-lobulated liver of adult Xenopus laevis was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Hepatic portal veins and hepatic arteries entered hepatic lobes at the hiluses, hepatic veins left at these sites. Intraparenchymal, hepatic portal veins branched up to 10 times before terminal portal venules supplied liver sinusoids. Hepatic arteries closely followed portal vessels. Arteriolar side branches formed anastomoses with close by portal venules (arteriolar-portal anastomoses; APAs), liver sinusoids (arteriolar-sinusoidal anastomoses; ASAs), and peribiliary plexus vessels. Distally, hepatic arteries anastomosed with terminal portal venules having >100 μm in diameter. Liver sinusoids formed a dense three-dimensional network displaying signs of non-sprouting and sprouting angiogenesis evidenced by “holes” and blind ending tapering cast vascular structures (sprouts), respectively. Sinusoids drained via efferent hepatic veins. Right and left hepatic veins drained into the posterior caval vein. Locally, a dense honeycomb-like 3D-meshwork of resin structures was found around terminal portal venules and hepatic arteries. These networks were fed by hepatic arterioles and drained into adjacent terminal portal venules. As their morphologies differed significantly from sinusoids and they were found at sites where diffuse lymphoid tissue is described, we are convinced that they represent the vasculature of diffuse lymphoid tissue areas. Frequencies and diameter ratios of hepatic portal venules versus hepatic arterioles anastomosing with the former (APAs) implicate that the arterial supply contributes to the oxygenation of parenchymal and stromal cells rather than to a significant increase in blood flow towards hepatic sinusoids.     

164例肱骨髁上骨折石膏外固定的改良

应用石膏托加肘部两侧石膏小片条的改良方法对肱骨髁上骨折的患儿进行整复后外固定，使静脉回流障碍、侧方移位等并发症减少，治愈率提高，并对其优点进行了讨论     

应用“U”型石膏夹板治疗踝部骨折脱位的体会

通过“U”型石膏夹板治疗62例踝部骨折脱位的情况表明:此法对纠正踝关节的内、外方向移位,复位固定效果好,弊端少,方法简单,易于掌握。     

The clinical significance of candidal casts

Examination of the urinary sediment for fungal casts is a new and simple approach for assessing renal involvement in fungal infections. Identification of candidal casts was used to diagnose renal fungal involvement in five immunocompromised patients. In three cases, the examination of the urinary sediment permitted the diagnosis of early and presumably noninvasive renal candidal infections that cleared easily with relatively low doses of antifungal therapy. In two other cases, the recognition of candidal casts confirmed renal involvement in patients with disseminated disease.     

家兔回肠淋巴管铸型的扫描电镜研究

目的：观察家兔回肠淋巴管的三维结构和微细分布。方法：淋巴管铸型样品，通过扫描电子显微镜进行观察；半薄切片样品，用光镜进行观察。淋巴管铸型剂是Mercox，采用回肠壁间接注射法，将注入铸型剂的回肠壁切下，置入NaOH水溶液中腐蚀，直到肠壁组织完全脱离为止，然后将淋巴管铸型样品置于扫描电镜下观察。结果：在小肠绒毛内清晰地显示出中央乳糜管，每个绒毛中有2～3个中央乳糜管，中央乳糜管与粘膜层毛细淋巴管丛相连通，粘膜层毛细淋巴管注入粘膜下层淋巴管，后与肌层淋巴管相吻合，肌层淋巴管连接浆膜层淋巴管，然后汇入小肠系膜淋巴管。淋巴管呈串珠样外观，其表面存在双凹切迹，该处相当于淋巴瓣的部位。铸型表面还可以见到淋巴管内皮细胞核的压迹。结论：淋巴管铸型清晰地显示家兔回肠壁粘膜层丰富的中央乳糜管和毛细淋巴管丛以及粘膜下层、肌层毛细淋巴管和大量的淋巴管的三维结构。