全面康复:勃起功能障碍治疗的新目标

5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂有效改善勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的勃起功能。枸橼酸西地那非的应用范围不断扩展,肺动脉高压已成为新的适应证。临床研究发现,西地那非能改善多种血管性疾病患者的内皮功能。在ED领域的研究进展包括:动物实验发现,西地那非可以改善海绵体内皮功能,增强磷酸化内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)蛋白表达,逆转缺血或缺氧导致的海绵体内压(ICP)降低。临床研究证实,西地那非可以使50%以上ED患者阴茎勃起恢复到最充分的硬度(4级勃起);使50%以上保留神经的根治性前列腺切除术后患者勃起功能康复,自发产生足以性交的勃起;使ED患者的自尊心、自信心和性关系满意度等社会心理功能恢复正常。从勃起功能到社会心理功能的全面恢复可能成为今后ED治疗的新目标。     

Comparison of Tympanic, Esophageal and Blood Temperatures during Mild Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Study using an Infrared Emission Detection Tympanic Thermometer

Objective. Tympanic temperature can be obtained instantaneously using an infrared emission detection (IRED) thermometer. Its accuracy has been documented in a variety of clinical settings, but its performance at low body temperatures is still unknown. In this study we evaluated its performance during coronary artery revascularization surgery in which mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used. Methods. Thirty adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were enrolled in the study. Tympanic temperature obtained using IRED thermometry (Tt1) was compared with core temperatures from the esophagus (Te), and venous blood of CPB (Tv) before, during, and after CPB. We also measured tympanic temperature using a thermocouple probe (Tt2) in 16 of the 30 patients in order to study the agreement between the two methods. Values for correlation coefficients and limits of agreement were computed to assess the degree of agreement among the temperatures obtained. Results. The highest agreement with Tv during CPB was obtained from Tt1 (r = 0.94, 0.41 ± 1.73, limits of agreement) and from Te (0.91, 0.36 ± 2.46). Tt1 also showed good agreement with Tt2 during surgery. Conclusions. Infrared tympanic thermometry is a reliable, alternative method to measure tympanic temperature and may be useful to assess core temperature in both normothermic and mild hypothermic conditions.     

A Clinical Study for the Durability of Oxygenators on Cardiopulmonary Support

Abstract: Cardiopulmonary support (CPS) requires durability of the oxygenator. The life span of the oxygenator is affected by various clinical factors, including patient condition, perfusion condition, and equipment usage. Predictors for the durability of oxygenators were evaluated clinically in this study. Thirty-two patients, who had undergone CPS during the last 3 years in our institute were assigned to this study. Fifty oxygenators had been used (Capiox SX in 19, CB Maxima in 23, and AL-6000 in 8). Significant predictors for the durability of oxygenators were evaluated by nonparametric survival analysis and proportional hazards regression analysis. Univariate regression analysis revealed 6 significant predictors for the life span of oxygenators. These were the oxygenator type, type of centrifugal pump, acidosis with blood pH less than 7.35, base excess less than -5, blood glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) levels greater than 1,000 IU, and blood lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels greater than 3,000 IU. After multivariate analysis, there remained only 2 significant predictors. An oxygenator used with a noncoated CPS system (Capiox SX with Capiox EBS) proved to have a significantly shorter life span than one used with a heparin-coated system (CB Maxima or AL-6000 with CB BP-80) (hazards ratio, 3.588, p = 0.0065). Patient conditions, which revealed acidosis with less than -5 of base excess, significantly shortened the life of the oxygenator (hazards ratio, 3.595, p = 0.0188).     

The Evolution of Abdominal Compression in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Objective: To review the history of external abdominal compression as an adjunct to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), tracking the development of five major themes over the course of the 20th century: 1) augmentation of peripheral resistance by physical means, 2) risk of hepatic injury with abdominal compression, 3) counterpulsation vs sustained compression, 4) the abdominal pump mechanism, and 5) contact compression techniques.
Methods: Literature retrieved from successive MEDLINE English-language searches was reviewed with a special emphasis on work and concepts highlighted by participants at the First Purdue Conference on Interposed Abdominal Compression-CPR, September 1992.
Results: External abdominal compression of one form or another has been studied as a means of resuscitation by many investigators throughout the 20th century. Experimental and clinical studies have shown generally consistent evidence of hemodynamic augmentation by abdominal compression during various forms of CPR. Recent advances include a modified theoretical understanding of hemodynamic mechanisms and demonstration of clinical potential in humans. Inconsistencies in published results may be due to differences in mechanical techniques of abdominal compression. Based on these studies, a modified manual technique for "contact compression" of the abdominal aorta is recommended.
Conclusions: A technique for left-of-center, angled compression of the abdominal aorta against the crest of the spine is recommended. Further well-supervised and controlled clinical trials using this standardized technique are warranted as a prelude to more widespread clinical application of abdominal compression in CPR.     

Abdominal Pumping

This article reviews the author's experience with a form of interposed abdominal compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (IAC-CPR) in the United Kingdom. The development of the technique based upon animal resuscitation, including the use of phasic compression (abdominal pumping) for the resuscitation of rats from 30 minutes of cardiac arrest due to hypothermia, is reviewed. A simple technique for clinical use is described. The technique uses a hard-covered book or bean-shaped board applied to the abdomen below the umbilicus and compressed alternately with cardiac massage while respiration is assisted. Anecdotal clinical results suggest that further controlled clinical investigation is warranted.     

老年髋部骨折术后患者康复需求程度与康复状况调查

目的了解老年髋部骨折术后患者康复需求程度、需求满足度与康复状况的关系.方法上门随访82例老年髋部骨折术后患者家庭康复现状和康复需求情况.结果康复需求10个维度中他人支持、康复信息及功能训练指导位居前3位;需求程度与生理功能、躯体功能和社会功能有关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);与髋关节功能评分中的疼痛程度、上楼梯、穿鞋袜和行走距离4个方面有关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论出院后定期给予针对性的康复训练指导和健康教育是患者迫切的需求;康复需求程度高者,相应需求满足率低,其生活质量及髋关节功能恢复应成为干预的重点.     

大鼠体外循环模型的建立与应用

由于操作简便、节省人力物力，大鼠体外循环模型的应用愈加广泛。大鼠在小型呼吸机辅助下，应用颈静脉插管入右心房引流血液至贮血瓶，在蠕动移液泵作用下，经膜式氧合器氧合、变温器变温，通过股动脉或尾动脉插管注入动脉系统，建立体外循环回路。有血预充、减少总预充量和维持足够的转流流量是建立大鼠体外循环模型的关键。     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术早期疗效的探讨

目的：探讨非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术的安全性和早期临床效果。方法：自2000年7月至2002年3月51例冠心病患接受冠状动脉搭桥手术，按手术方式分为非体外循环组（n=21）和传统体外循环组（n=30)。将两组病人的术前临床资料，手术方式，术后并发症和疗效等进行对比分析。结果：两组术前临床资料无明显差异。非体外循环组手术时间，术后出血输血量，呼吸机辅助时间显少于体外循环组，并且术后心律失常的发生率明显降低（P均＜0．05），其他重要器官的并发症发生率亦低于体外循环组。两组平均随访9．6个月，心绞痛均消失，心功能改善，活动量明显增加。结论：非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术是安全可行的，并发症少，近期疗效满意。