Autotransfusion after open heart surgery: the oxygen delivery capacity of shed mediastinal blood is maintained

Autotransfusion of mediastinal shed blood after open heart surgery has become a common and accepted procedure in reducing the need for homologous transfusion during the last 15 years. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the oxygen delivery capacity of autotransfused shed mediastinal blood, compared to patient-blood, during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the postoperative period.
Ten consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were studied. Mediastinal shed blood was collected in the cardiotomy reservoir and retransfused during the first 18 postoperative hours. The oxygen delivery capacity of the blood to the tissues was calculated by use of the oxygen status algorithm (OSA 2.0) programme and measurement of the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration.
Autotransfusion volume ranged from 450–1530 ml per patient (median 824 ml). Shed blood had a mean haemoglobin level of 8.8 g/dl and 7.4 g/dl at 1 h and 6 h of autotransfusion, respectively. There were no significant changes of 2,3-DPG concentration in the patient-blood during cardiopulmonary bypass or after autotransfusion compared to preoperative values. P50 for oxygen (3.6 and 3.6 kPa) and 2,3-DPG concentrations (5.3 and 5.1 mikromol/ml erythrocyte) in shed mediastinal blood (1h and 6h postoperatively) were not significantly different compared to patient-blood.
The results demonstrate that the oxygen delivery capacity of shed mediastinal blood is maintained and that the oxygen affinity of patient-blood is not influenced by autotransfusion.     

Estimation of average flow in ungated 3D phase contrast angiograms

Three dimensional (3D) phase contrast angiograms contain velocity data, which is discarded after the reconstruction of the projections. In extension to earlier work on velocity quantification with ungated 2D phase data, this paper shows that a useful estimate of the average velocity and flow rate can be extracted from ungated 3D phase contrast angiograms. Simulations and experiments in a phantom and in vivo were performed. For pulsatile flow and strong spin saturation, an over-estimation of the flow rate at the net in-flow end of the imaging volume and underestimation at the net out-flow end was observed. Imaging at lower RF tip angles yielded flow rates close to the correct value within the entire imaging volume. In contrast to ungated 2D experiments, the flow rates determined by repeated 3D experiments showed no variation.     

Central circulation in rats with different tolerance to acute blood loss

Study of the dynamics of cardiac output in rats with different tolerance to acute massive blood loss showed that the pumping ability of the heart remains intact during the entire posthemorrhagic period in all high-resistant and in 65% low-resistant rats. In 35% rats that were low-resistant to blood loss, the cardiac output deficiency syndrome developed after cessation of bleeding against the background fall in arterial pressure and a decrease in the hepatic blood flow, which are the signs of rapid variant of the dysfunction produced by acute blood loss. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 384–388, October, 1998     

脉络膜挫伤

回顾６４例外伤性脉络膜挫伤。多发于２０－３０岁的青年男性；最常见有拳击伤；临床主要表现为视力下降，眼底可见脉络膜出血灶及裂伤口，荧光眼底血和造影可帮助诊断。脉络膜挫伤多发生于黄斑部，其次为视乳头周围，多为单个，１－ＰＤ大小，脉络膜破裂的形态多为长弧形，脉络膜出血多为圆形；脉络膜破裂与出血常同时出现。     

Arthroscopic irrigation - a cautionary tale

A fit 38-year-old female patient developed absent foot pulses following a routine arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy. Irrigation fluid, which was delivered using an arthroscopic flushing set, had extravasated through a ruptured Baker's cyst into the popliteal fossa causing vascular compression and spasm. The pulses gradually returned to normal following the procedure. Knee arthroscopy is a common procedure and a Baker's cyst is a common sequel to degenerative disease. With the increasing popularity of pressurised fluid irrigation systems, this previously unreported complication is both relevant and important.     

1例安置埋藏式自动复律除颤器病人的随访

埋藏式自动复律除颤器(AICD)能降低恶性快速室性心律失常患者的猝死发生率,已经得到基本肯定,但其猝死率的降低,在相当程度上取决于能否对置入AICD患者进行认真随访,不断完善其治疗。本文报告1例随访16个月经验,并就随访结果,结合文献,略予讨论。     

~(99m)Tc-甲氧基异丁基异腈首次通过法心室显像评价左心室收缩功能

应用９９ｍＴｃ－甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）对２９例受检者进行首次通过法心室显像，测定左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ），并与同期平衡法心室显像测得的ＬＶＥＦ进行相关分析。结果：首次通过法和平衡法心室显像测得的ＬＶＥＦ分别为（４６．５±１６．７）％、（４９．１±１６．１）％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。相关分析结果显示，二者有明显的相关（ｒ＝０．７８７，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明：９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ为心肌显像剂，采用首次通过法心室显像，在观察心肌血流改变的同时，可准确可靠地评价左室收缩功能状态。     

心包疾病的CT诊断

对６１例心包疾病的ＣＴ表现进行了分析。少量心包积液主要聚集在前、左象限，中、大量积液则主要向左或左后象限扩展。根据积液厚度及分布象限可作积液量的评估。缩窄性心包炎ＣＴ均显壁层心包增厚，以心包腹侧面增厚为主，部分病人伴有心包钙化、房室扩大及腔静脉扩张。心包肿瘤侵犯或转移表现为心包不规则增厚或呈结节状改变。     

Pregnancy and uncomplicated vaginal delivery only 13 months after cardiac transplantation (case report)

Summary Background Pregnancy is prossible in female patients who underwent cardiac transplantation but is associated with unpredictable risks. Methods A 23-year old female patient underwent cardiac transplantation because of dilatative cardiomyopathy. Results Against our advice, she became pregnant 4 months after transplantation. Following an uneventful pregnancy, spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred 13 months after transplantation. The patient gave birth to a healthy new-born in good physical condition. Thereafter, the patient refused to attend any further routine follow-up control. 9 months after delivery, the patient was admitted to hospital in severe cardiac shock. Biopsy showed a serious, acute rejection which was treated with a course of methylprednisolone. Clinically, the patient recovered within 1 week, but died from acute myocardial infarction 1 day after discharge from hospital. Conclusions Only women without a history of rejection episodes, with good kidney function, good graft function, and high compliance should be counselled to become pregnant.