Development of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia with age

The prevalence and growth of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in beagles as a function of age were studied. The normal prostate gland was 12 +/- 3 gm in beagles 2.1-3.0 years of age; this weight remained unchanged unless BPH developed. Histologic evidence of BPH developed at an early age with a prevalence of 16% of the dogs by the age 2 years. Fifty percent of the dogs had BPH, determined histopathologically by age 4.1-5.0 years. The average weight of the prostate gland remained constant until after age 8 years. With age, the pathologic features of BPH changed from glandular to the complex form, with no increase in prostate weight until after 8 years. Reinitiation of growth occurred and prostate weight increased to greater than 36 gm in eight of 185 beagles older than age 8 years.     

Extracardiac pressure changes do not alter contractile function of the isolated left ventricle

To determine whether or not extracardiac pressure has an effect on left ventricular contractile function, we analyzed pressure-volume relationships of six isolated, perfused canine hearts in an air-tight chamber. The chamber pressure was set at −60, −30, 0, 30 and 60 mm Hg and left ventricular pressure-volume relationships studied. The slope (E_es) and volume axis intercept (V₀) of the transmural pressure-volume relationship were used to compare the pump functions of an individual heart at the different extracardiac pressures applied. No significant difference in either E_es or V₀ was seen with different extracardiac pressures. During isovolumic ventricular contraction, developed left ventricular pressure did not change over the range of extracardiac pressures applied. The same was true during ejecting contraction; when the downstream pressure of the computer simulated afterload circuit and the venous filling pressure of the preload circuit were changed in parallel with the extracardiac pressure, pressur-volume loops remained identical throughout their course for all of the extracardiac pressures applied. We conclude that (1) transmural pressure is the overwhelmingly dominant loading factor governing LV contraction, and (2) myocardial contractile function is unaffected by the absolute value of extracardiac pressure.     

尖牙后退与磨牙支抗丧失

作者对43例(50侧)拔除上颌第一前磨牙,推尖牙向远中患者进行了矫治前、后牙模的测量.结果是17侧(34%)无磨牙前移支抗丧失,尖牙平均后退4.78mm;33侧(66%)发生磨牙前移支抗丧失,平均前移1.54mm.而尖牙平均后退4.11mm。本结果表明,本文设计的矫正器是确实可行的.同时还讨论了有关问题.     

犬2型腺病毒的分离鉴定及初步特性分析

目的:从长春市某养殖场一病死幼犬子宫中分离、签定病毒并分析其特性.方法:样品处理物接种MDCK细胞,病变细胞培养物进行电镜负染观察,对分离的病毒进行细胞敏感谱和红细胞血凝谱测试,并以特异引物PCR扩增鉴定,进行动物回归试验,检测分离病毒的理化学特性.结果:子宫上皮组织匀浆物能使MDCK细胞发生腺病毒典型病变,电镜观察可见二十面体立体对称病毒粒子.病毒增殖能被5-碘脱氧尿苷(5-IUDR)所抑制,对乙醚、胰酶不敏感,对酸(pH 3.0)和热(50℃)有一定抵抗力,能凝集人和大鼠红细胞但不凝集豚鼠红细胞,用犬腺病毒(CAV)特异性引物可扩增出与CAV-2阳性对照相同大小的核酸片段.分离病毒经口鼻接种SN效价为0的2月龄以下幼犬.可使其全部发病,其中3只死亡.结论:从病死幼犬子宫分离获得一株腺病毒,PCR扩增证明其为犬腺病毒2型,命名为CC0710.动物回归试验表明,该病毒毒性较强.     

Canine Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Spain

To examine prevalence changes and risk factors for canine leishmaniasis, we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study and a survey during April–June 2006. Seroprevalence had increased at the meso-Mediterranean bioclimatic level over 22 years. Risk was highest for dogs that were older, large, lived outside, and lived at the meso-Mediterranean level.     

The effect of canine macrophages on the adherence and growth of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast: evidence of a soluble factor that enhances the growth of B. dermatitidis yeast

Blastomycosis is a medically important systemic fungal infection of dogs and humans. Phagocytic cells are the first line of cellular defence against B. dermatitidis, and are a prominent feature in the lesions and exudate of canine blastomycosis. The adherence of B. dermatitidis yeast to canine phagocytes, and the effects of such adherence on the growth of B. dermatitidis yeast, has not been previously reported. The results of this study demonstrate that canine complement enhances the adherence of B. dermatitidis yeast to canine macrophages. Initiation of the canine complement cascade by B. dermatitidis yeast appeared to occur predominantly by the classical pathway. Adherence of B. dermatitidis yeast to canine macrophages enhanced the growth of the yeast. In the absence of macrophages, this effect could be duplicated by incubating yeast in conditioned medium from co-cultures of macrophages and yeast. This observation suggests that a soluble factor is involved in the growth enhancement of the yeast, These findings provide new insights into the adherence of B. dermatitidis yeast to canine macrophages, and how adherence influences the proliferation of B. dermatitidis yeast.     

Transvenous Single Lead Atrial Defibrillation: Efficacy and Risk of Ventricular Fibrillation in an Ischemic Canine Model

Transvenous atrial defibrillation with multiple atrial lead systems has been shown to be effective in models without the potential for ventricular arrhythmias. The specific aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transvenous single lead atrial defibrillation in a canine model of ischemia cardiomyopathy. Ten dogs had ischemia cardiomyopathy induced by repeated intracoronary micmsphere injections. The mean LV ejection fraction decreased from 71%± 9% to 38%± 14% (P = 0.003). Spontaneous atrial fibrillation (AF) developed in four dogs, and in six AF was induced electrically. Atrial defibrillation thresholds (ADFTs) were determined with synchronous low energy shocks using a transvenous tripolar lead with two defibrillation coils (right ventricle, superior vena cava) and an integrated sensing lead (RV coil vs electrode tip). The ADFTs derived by logistic regression were compared at 50% and 90% probability of success (ED₅₀, ED₉₀): ED₅₀ was 2.4 ±1.7 J and 2.9 ±2.1 J, respectively, for 5- and 10-ms monophasic shocks, and 1.8 ± 0.9 J and 2.1 ± 1.3 J, respectively, for 5- and 10-ms biphasic shocks. Immediately after 3 of 2,179 (0.1%) synchronized shocks, ventricular fibrillation (VF) developed. VF was induced in 3 of 1,062 (0.3%) shocks with integrated sensing (RV coil vs electrode tip) compared to 0 of 1,117 shocks when a separate bipolar RV sensing electrode was used for synchronization. In our canine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy, low energy atrial defibrillation via a transvenous single lead system was highly effective. However, there was a small but definite risk of VF induction, which seemed to be greater when an integrated as opposed to a true bipolar RV sensing was used.     

The serological response in dogs inoculated with canine distemper virus vaccine at the acupuncture point governing vessel-14: A randomized controlled trial

The improvement of immunity to vaccination has historically focused on manipulation of antigen presentation rather than the host. Immune modulation by stimulating specific acupuncture points along the Meridian System has been practiced in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively determine whether acupoint vaccination, in which vaccine is administered at an acupuncture point in dogs, has the potential to enhance the immune response.A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of acupoint vaccination versus a conventional method, based on humoral immune response in dogs given Canine Distemper Vaccine (CDV). One hundred client-owned dogs were admitted to the study with following characteristics: (1) passed a routine physical exam, (2) aged between 1 and 10?years old, (3) had no history of chronic disease, and (4) were not on immunomodulating medications. Dogs were randomly assigned to either the Acupuncture group inoculated at the acupoint Governing Vessel (GV)-14, or to the Control group inoculated conventionally at a non-acupuncture site. Mean changes from Day0 to Day14 of the response to CDV vaccination, measured by serum neutralization (SN) titers with log-transformation for reducing outlier effects, were compared between groups. No significant difference was found between groups in age, weight, or sex (all p?>0.2). Both groups had significant increases of CDV SN titer post-vaccination (p?<?0.001). The mean increase in Acupuncture group (0.72; SD?=?0.79) was significantly greater than that of the Control group (0.36; SD?=?0.67); p?=?0.019. Inference on percentage of change in raw SN titer data further revealed that the effects in the Acupuncture group was significantly greater than the Control group (242% vs. 83%; p?=?0.02).This study demonstrated that Acupoint vaccination at GV-14 resulted in a significantly elevated humoral immune response to CDV vaccine compared to Controls, which suggests the potential of acupoint vaccination to enhance the immune response.     

消旋聚乳酸输尿管支架管在家犬体内的降解变化及输尿管病理学表现

目的观察消旋聚乳酸输尿管支架管在家犬输尿管内的降解变化以及输尿管组织病理学表现。方法经手术将消旋聚乳酸输尿管支架管置于19只家犬输尿管内,每2周取出支架管在电镜下观察支架管材料结构的降解变化,并经凝胶渗透色谱仪测量支架管相对分子质量变化。同时切取输尿管组织在光镜下观察其病理改变。结果支架管降解前相对分子质量为68900,第7周相对分子质量降解为8033,降解率达到88.3%。电镜下支架管表面的孔隙逐渐增多增大,材料不断被浸析降解。输尿管组织病理学变化主要表现为无菌性炎症。结论消旋聚乳酸输尿管支架管具有良好的动物体内降解性能和组织相容性。     

The effects of energy beverages on cultured cells

The popularity and prevalence of energy beverages makes it essential to examine the interactions between the ingredients and their effects on the safety of these beverages. In this study, we used in vitro assays to examine the effects of two energy beverages on mesenchymal, epithelial and neuronal cells. Our results showed that treatment of epithelial and mesenchymal cells with either energy beverage resulted in a dose dependent delay in wound closure, in a scratch wound healing assay. In rat embryonic fibroblasts, treatment with the energy beverages led to decreased lamellipodia formation and decreased proliferation/viability; whereas in MDCK cells, energy beverage treatment resulted in actin disorganization without any effects on cell proliferation. This suggests that the mechanisms underlying delayed wound healing might be different in the two cell types. Interestingly, the delays in both cell types could not be mimicked by treatment of caffeine, taurine and glucose alone or in combinations. Furthermore, treatment of chick forebrain neuronal cultures with energy beverages resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth. The cellular assays used in this study provide a consistent, qualitative and quantitative system for examining the combinatorial effects of the various ingredients used in energy beverages.