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31.
罗哌卡因和布比卡因对心脏毒性作用的比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 :探讨 1%罗哌卡因和 0 .75 %布比卡因用于硬膜外麻醉时对心脏的毒性作用。方法 :选择择期硬膜外麻醉患者 4 0例 ,ASAⅠ级~Ⅱ级。随机分为罗哌卡因组 (R组 ,2 0例 )和布比卡因组 (B组 ,2 0例 ) ,分别于麻醉前 (T0 )和麻醉平面绝对后 (T1)抽取静脉血 3mL ,测定血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的浓度 ,CK MB与CK的活性 ,记录相应时点的MAP ,HR和SpO2 值。结果 :两组患者于麻醉平面绝对后相应指标均较麻醉前有所增高 (P <0 .0 1)。两组间相比麻醉平面绝对后相应指标R组低于B组 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉时对心脏的毒性作用小于布比卡因 ,对血流动力学的影响小 ,用于心脏病非心脏手术的患者较布比卡因安全可靠。 相似文献
32.
不同的阻滞方法对75岁以上高龄老人阻滞效果及循环功能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为比较硬膜外隙阻滞(硬外)、蛛网膜下隙阻滞(腰麻)和单侧蛛网膜下隙阻滞(腰麻)在75岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折手术中的阻滞效果及对循环的影响.选ASAⅢ~Ⅳ级90例,随机等分为3组,Ⅰ组为硬外阻滞组(A组),用1.5%Lidocaine 4ml试验剂量并确认无脊麻后,根据情况追加1.5%Lidocaine 4~6ml;Ⅱ组为腰麻组,Ⅲ组为单侧腰麻组,两组注药速度均为0.1ml·s-1,注药过程均不作往返吸注.Ⅱ组用0.75%布比卡因1ml(7.5mg),注药后仰卧;Ⅲ组患侧在下侧卧,用0.75%布比卡因0.6ml(4.5mg)、10%葡萄糖液0.4ml,注药20min后平卧.结果显示:①患侧痛觉阻滞起效由快到慢为Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅰ组.②三组阻滞前后的心率比较,均无显著性差异;Ⅲ组阻滞前后的平均动脉压也无显著性差异,但Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的阻滞前后的平均动脉压均有显著性差异.③患侧痛觉阻滞达标率(无痛平面达L1的百分率)为Ⅰ组93.3%,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组均为100%.④阻滞不全者Ⅰ组3例,而Ⅱ和Ⅲ组则无.⑤发生低血压者Ⅰ和Ⅱ组各3例,且同时都伴有ECG的ST段下移;Ⅲ组则无.表明①单侧腰麻组起效较快、阻滞完善和患侧痛觉阻滞达标率高.②单侧腰麻所用剂量小,阻滞范围小,对循环干扰轻和阻滞平面似乎更易控制.因此,小剂量布比卡因单侧腰麻可能更适合高龄老人下肢手术. 相似文献
33.
采用HPLC法对7例妇女应用布比卡因硬膜外阻滞后的药物动力学(药动学)和药效学进行研究,数据用PKBP-N_1药动学程序包经IBM-PC计算机处理,结果符合血管外开放二室模型。T_p=19±8min;C_p=1.6±0.7μg/ml;T_((1/2)β)=166±59min;AUC=273±124μg/(min·ml);V_d=2.0±0.7L/kg。测得该药的作用完善时间和麻醉持续时间分别为21±3min和104±30min。手术期间未见明显不良反应。应用测得之药动学参数估算作用完善时和局麻持续时间的血药浓度. 相似文献
34.
Tsukasa Higuchi Kazuhiro Shimada Yoshiaki Cho Kisei Minami Kouichi Takeuchi Akiyuki Sakamoto 《Pediatrics international》2016,58(8):760-763
Although the effectiveness of subarachnoid continuous drug infusion has been established in cancer pain management, its clinical use in children is rare. A 14‐year‐old girl with neurofibromatosis type I complained of right leg pain stemming from a growing tumor on her right buttock. Continuous and breakthrough right leg pain were unbearable, even at high doses of systemic opioids that caused severe constipation and deep sedation. Subsequent continuous infusion of bupivacaine and morphine through a subarachnoid catheter effectively relieved the girl's pain. The corresponding decrease in systemic opioid also improved her activities of daily living. The patient eventually died of cachexia due to the rapidly growing buttock lesion that was pathologically confirmed post‐mortem as a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Subarachnoid continuous drug infusion may be very useful in controlling severe pain with few side‐effects, even in the field of pediatric palliative care. 相似文献
35.
目的观察0.125%罗比卡因与0.125%布比卡因应用于上肢连续臂丛阻滞患者术后自控镇痛的可行性和有效性。方法45例拟行上肢择期手术的患者随机分为罗比卡因组(R组)、布比卡因组(B组)和对照组(N组),每组15例。术前均予肌间沟径路或腋路臂丛阻滞以及臂丛神经鞘内置管。术后R组与B组使用便携式患者自控镇痛泵,泵内液体分别为0.125%的罗比卡因和0.125%的布比卡因,N组为对照组,观察24h。记录3组患者的疼痛视觉模拟评分和镇痛药使用情况,记录R组与B组患者的运动阻滞、麻木感、局麻药用量、满意度、镇痛技术问题和并发症。结果R组与B组两组在术后各个时间点的疼痛评分均较低,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。N组疼痛评分在术后0h、3h时与R组和B组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在术后6h、12h、18h、24h均较高,与前两组间相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。R组与B组两组镇痛满意度较高,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),运动阻滞、麻木感、补充用药、局麻药用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);技术问题与并发症两组发生率均低。结论0.125%罗比卡因与0.125%布比卡因均可有效地用于上肢术后的连续臂丛阻滞患者自控镇痛,并且效果相似。 相似文献
36.
Comparison of bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine with sufentanil for patient-controlled epidural analgesia 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine have been introduced into obstetric analgesic practice with the proposed advantages of causing less motor block and toxicity compared with bupivacaine. However, it is still controversial whether both anesthetics are associated with any clinical benefit relative to bupivacaine for labor analgesia. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy, motor block and side effects of bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine at lower concentrations for patient-controlled epidural labor analgesia. Methods Four hundred and fifty nulliparous parturients were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial. A concentration of 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.125% or 0.15% of either bupivacaine (Group B), ropivacaine (Group R) or levobupivacaine (Group L) with sufentanil 0.5 ug/ml was epidurally administered by patient-controlled analgesia mode. Effective analgesia was defined as a visual analogue scale score was 〈30 mm. The relative median potency for each local anesthetic was calculated using a probit regression model. Parturients demographics, sensory and motor blockade, obstetric data, maternal side effects, hourly volumes of local anesthetic used, and others were also noted. Results There were no significant differences among groups in the numbers of effective analgesia, pain scores, hourly local anesthetic amount used, sensory and motor blockade, labor duration and mode of delivery, side effects and maternal satisfaction (P 〉0.05). The relative median potency was bupivacaine/ropivacaine: 0.828 (0.602-1.091), bupivacaine/levobupivacaine: 0.845 (0.617-1.12), ropivacaine/levobupivacaine: 1.021 (0.774-1.354), respectively. However, a significantly less number of effective analgesia and higher hourly local anesthetic use were observed in the concentration of 0.05% than those of 〉0.1% within each group (P 〈0.05). Conclusions Using patient-controlled epidural analgesia, lower concentrations of bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine with s'ufentanil produce similar analgesia and motor block and safety for labor analgesia. The analgesic efficacy mainly depends on the concentration rather than the type of anesthetics. 相似文献
37.
目的探讨罗哌卡因联合利多卡因与利多卡因与布比卡因混合液在青光眼手术麻醉中的应用。方法选择72例行青光眼手术的患者,随机分成2组:罗哌卡因联合利多卡因组(罗哌利多组)37例,利多卡因联合布比卡因混合组(利多布比组)35例,由同一位手术医师对手术患者施行麻醉。在注射麻醉药后的5min、10min、15min评估患者感觉和运动阻滞情况,同时监测患者的心电图、Sp O2、血压、心率,术后1h、3h、6h评估运动阻滞程度,术后1h、3h、6h、24h评定患者的疼痛情况,同时统计两组出现一过性黑蒙的发生率。结果 72例青光眼患者中,罗哌利多组(37例)有2例患者出现心率、血压、Sp O2及心电图明显改变,而利多布比组(35例)有7例术中心率、血压有明显升高,Sp O2、心电图波动较明显。利多布比组的感觉和运动阻滞起效时间分别为(2±1)min和(7±2)min;罗哌利多组感觉阻滞起效时间为(3±1)min,只有3例患者有运动阻滞,而其余34例患者没有明显的运动阻滞。感觉阻滞两组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),运动阻滞两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后不同时间无疼痛患者例数罗哌利多组全部优于利多布比组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(为P<0.01)。球周注射后出现一过性黑蒙的例数罗哌利多组0例,利多布比组2例(6%),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论罗哌卡因联合利多卡因在青光眼手术麻醉中应用是安全、有效、患者更舒适的麻醉方法。 相似文献
38.
目的:比较0.75%盐酸罗哌卡因与0.75%盐酸布比卡因在腰麻硬膜外联合阻滞中的效果。方法:50例择期妇科手术患者(ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级)随机分为两组(n=25)。分别用0.75%罗哌卡因2ml和0.75%布比卡因2ml行蛛网膜下腔阻滞。观察两组感觉、运动阻滞起效及恢复时间和用药后的不良反应。结果:两组感觉阻滞起效时间、恢复时间无明显差异。运动阻滞起效时间罗哌卡因明显慢于布比卡因(P〈0.05),运动恢复时间明显快于布比卡因(P〈0.05)。结论:0.75%罗哌卡因用于腰麻能达到完善的麻醉效果,感觉阻滞与0.75%布比卡因相似,运动阻滞起效慢,但恢复迅速。 相似文献
39.
Jann‐Inn Tzeng Ting‐Yun Chen Jhi‐Joung Wang Ching‐Hsia Hung 《Fundamental & clinical pharmacology》2014,28(4):439-444
Although diphenhydramine has been shown to produce longer duration of spinal block than lidocaine, few studies disclose its skin infiltrative anesthesia when compared with a long‐lasting local anesthetic, bupivacaine. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diphenhydramine elicited cutaneous analgesia in comparison with bupivacaine. After inhibition of cutaneous trunci muscle reflex via subcutaneous injection of drugs in rats, we examined the local anesthetic effect of diphenhydramine and bupivacaine as infiltrative cutaneous analgesia in a dose‐dependent fashion. We showed that diphenhydramine, as well as bupivacaine displayed a dose‐dependent cutaneous analgesia in response to dorsal cutaneous noxious stimuli. The relative potency (50% effective dose) was bupivacaine (0.023 [0.013–0.035]%) > diphenhydramine (0.078 [0.068–0.091]%; P < 0.001). On an equipotent basis, diphenhydramine had a similar duration of action to bupivacaine. Neither local injection of saline nor intraperitoneal administration of a large dose of diphenhydramine or bupivacaine produced cutaneous analgesia (data not shown). We conclude that diphenhydramine is less potent than bupivacaine at producing cutaneous analgesia. At equipotent doses for infiltrative cutaneous analgesia, the duration of action of diphenhydramine is equal to that of bupivacaine. 相似文献
40.
Liposome bupivacaine in peripheral nerve blocks and epidural injections to manage postoperative pain
《Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy》2013,14(17):2421-2431
Solifenacin is an antimuscarinic agent, administered once daily, which has been newly approved for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). Solifenacin administered at 5- and 10-mg once-daily doses shows efficacy for all the symptoms of OAB in both ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ patients, including improvements in patient quality of life and satisfaction. These improvements are observed as early as week 2 of treatment and are maintained over 12-week and 1-year time periods, without being compromised by the age or gender of the patient. Solifenacin demonstrates a favourable tolerability profile, with mild dry mouth as the most common adverse event associated with its use, both at the 5- and 10-mg doses; this allows for flexibility in the dosing regimen, in which physicians can administer solifenacin 5 mg, with the option to safely increase the dose to 10 mg if necessary based on the severity of patient’s symptoms. The favourable efficacy and safety profile of solifenacin, coupled with its dose flexibility, are consistent with solifenacin being a convenient treatment option for patients with OAB. 相似文献