Interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with COPD

目的　本研究通过检测支气管肺灌洗液 (BALF)中及肺泡巨噬细胞 (AM)产生的IL 6 ,揭示IL 6与慢性支气管炎(COPD)肺气肿发生的关系 ,为IL 6提供新的研究领域。方法　检测 6名正常无吸烟人及 2 1名COPD患者BALF中及AM释放的IL 6 ,根据正常人组BALF中IL 6的 95 %正常值可信区限 ,将COPD患者分为二组 ,在正常值可信区限内为第一组 ,在正常值可信区限外为第二组。结果　表明 2组中AM产生的IL 6第二组明显高于第一组 ,且 2组患者肺功能 (Dlco ,FEV1,FEV1/FVC和RV/TLC)有明显差异结论　AM产生的IL 6可能与COPD患者肺功能变化有关 ,在COPD患者肺气肿发生发展过程中发挥重要作用     

常见大气细菌对动物肺损伤的实验研究

为研究大气微生物对人体健康的影响,于１９９７年对上海市大气细菌污染进行了调查。在此基础上,采用大鼠经气管灌注细菌悬液２４小时后,分析肺灌洗液组成的方法,就大气细菌对动物呼吸系统损伤方面进行了研究。同时比较了不同地区大气细菌对大鼠肺细胞的损伤效应。结果发现大气细菌污染严重地区的细菌染毒组ＡＬＢ、ＬＤＨ、ＡＣＰ、ＡＫＰ、中性粒细胞等指标比清洁区升高更为显著,提示大气中常见细菌可对肺组织造成损伤。     

支气管肺泡灌洗抢救重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨支气管肺泡灌洗抢救重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭的临床价值。方法将37例患者随机分为灌洗组和非灌洗组,灌洗组18例在常规治疗基础上加支气管肺泡灌洗,非灌洗组19例采用常规治疗,观察两组病例的治疗效果。结果治疗48 h、72 h后灌洗组的PaO2和氧合指数（PaO2/F iO2）明显高于非灌洗组（P〈0.01）,PaCO2明显低于非灌洗组（P〈0.01）;灌洗组总有效率为88.8%,非灌洗组为47.4%。两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论支气管肺泡灌洗抢救重症并呼吸衰竭,可减少使用有创机械通气,疗效确切,有较高的临床价值。     

Establishment of an Evaluation Method for Gene Silencing by Serial Pulmonary Administration of siRNA and pDNA Powders: Naked siRNA Inhalation Powder Suppresses Luciferase Gene Expression in the Lung

In order to evaluate the in vivo effect of inhaled formulations, it is a gold standard to create a lung metastasis model by intravenously injecting cancer cells into an animal. Because the cancer grows from the blood vessel side, there is a possibility of underestimating the effect of an inhaled formulation administered to the lung epithelium side. In addition, the metastasis model has disadvantages in terms of preparation time and expense. The present study aimed to establish a new method to evaluate the effect of an inhaled small interfering RNA (siRNA) formulation that is more correct, more rapid, and less expensive. We investigated whether siRNA can suppress gene expression of plasmid DNA (pDNA) by serial pulmonary administration of siRNA and pDNA powders prepared by spray-freeze-drying. We revealed that formulations of dry siRNA powder significantly suppressed gene expression of pDNA powder compared with a control group with no siRNA. Naked siRNA inhalation powder with no vector showed the suppression of gene expression equivalent to that of an siRNA-polyethyleneimine complex without damaging tissues. These results show that the present method is suitable for evaluating the gene-silencing effect of inhaled siRNA powders.     

Clinical application of metagenomic next‐generation sequencing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infection pathogens: A prospective single‐center study of 138 patients

IntroductionRapid and accurate pathogen identification is essential for the treatment of pneumonia. Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) is a newly developed technology to obtain microbial nucleic acid sequence information quickly, efficiently, and without bias.MethodsWe performed shotgun metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for pathogen identification in pneumonia in a prospective study with 138 patients from a single center. We compared the results of mNGS with standard methods including culture, staining, and targeted PCR and evaluated the clinical applicability of mNGS.ResultsMost of the patients (128/138, 92.75%) were cured or improved. One patient (1/138, 0.72%) died because of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, and 9 patients (9/138, 6.52%) showed no improvement. mNGS identified more bacteria (53 versus 27), fewer fungi (8 versus 31), and more viruses (16 versus 1) than standard methods. In total, treatment in 34 out of 138 cases (24.64%) was adjusted and optimized because of mNGS results. Positive mNGS results contributed to a definitive diagnosis in 23 cases (16.67%), which helped guide treatment decision by either adjusting the antibiotics without de‐escalation or continuing the empirical treatment. mNGS also confirmed no active infection in 11 cases (7.97%) allowed for antibiotic de‐escalation.ConclusionThis prospective clinical study evaluated the clinical utility of mNGS for the diagnosis of pneumonia and showed that mNGS of BALF provides valuable information for effective treatment.     

支气管肺泡灌洗液肿瘤标志物检测对肺癌诊断的价值

目的：探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中3种肿瘤标志物的检测在肺癌诊断及病情评估中的价值。方法：采用电化学发光法、酶联免疫吸附法检测61例确诊的肺癌患者和42例肺良性病变患者BALF中癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白片断19（CYFRA21-1）及神经特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）的含量并进行分析比较。结果：肺癌患者BALF中3种肿瘤标志物的含量均明显高于肺良性病变患者（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；不同病理类型肺癌中，各肿瘤标志物升高的程度均有所不同，CYFRA21-1在非小细胞肺癌中升高明显，且随着TNM临床分期的升高，其含量亦明显升高。NSE则在小细胞肺癌中升高明显。结论：BALF中3种肿瘤标志物的检测在肺癌的诊断，病理类型的判定及临床分期等方面均有较高的临床价值。     

二甲基阿米洛利对大鼠油酸性急性肺损伤的保护作用

呼吸窘迫综合征（ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙｄｉｓｔｒｅｓｓｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ,ＲＤＳ）是一种死亡率高达５０％以上的以肺泡毛细血管损伤为特征的疾病［１］．油酸（ｏｌｅｉｃａｃｉｄ,ＯＡ）性肺损伤动物模型产生与ＲＤＳ病人相似的表现,已被广泛用于ＲＤＳ发病机理和...     

血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液中脂连素和TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α水平与急性肺损伤关系的研究

目的：观察急性肺损伤大鼠的血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液中脂连素（APN）水平变化,并探讨其与急性肺损伤（ALI）程度的相关性。方法：将45只SD大鼠,随机分为实验组（根据观察时间分为4h组、12h组、24组、48h组）与正常对照组,实验组小鼠给与气管内雾化吸入内毒素（LPS）0.5mL/kg（LPS 200μg/mL）,对照组气管内吸入生理盐水0.5mL/kg,观察各组大鼠光镜下的病理改变并进行病理评分;采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）分别测定各组大鼠血浆及BALF均化处理后APN和TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α的含量,并对BALF中炎症细胞分类计数及白蛋白测定。结果：实验组中4h、12h组血浆和BALF中APN、6-keto-PGF1α水平低于正常对照组,且血浆中APN差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,血浆中APN水平与ALI的病理学评分呈较高的负相关（r=0.936,r2=0.877,P〈0.01）;4h、12h组血浆和BALF中TXB2水平高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;24h、48h组中APN、TXB2及6-keto-PGF1α水平与对照组无差异（P〉0.05）。结论：APN参与了ALI的发生发展过程且血浆APN水平可反映ALI程度。     

鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者临床特点分析

目的探讨分析鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者的临床表现及辅助检查结果特征,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析某医院2019年6月—2021年8月经宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)诊断鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎的9例患者临床资料。结果 9例患者中男性7例,女性2例,包含1例妊娠36⁺²周孕妇;年龄25～70岁,中位年龄63岁;临床主要表现为高热(9例)、咳嗽(9例)、咳痰(7例)。白细胞计数正常8例,淋巴细胞计数降低9例,CRP升高9例,ESR升高9例,PCT正常4例,门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高6例。9例患者胸部CT均表现为斑片或斑片实变影。经血及肺泡灌洗液mNGS确诊后使用多西环素、莫西沙星、左氧氟沙星、阿奇霉素单药治疗方案,疗程14～21 d,均好转出院。结论鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎临床表现多样、诊断困难,mNGS检测可以快速明确病原学诊断,有助于及时启动特异性抗感染治疗,可减少抗菌药物的使用,改善预后。     

气管滴注纳米氧化锌对小鼠的急性毒性作用

[目的]初步探讨气管滴注纳米氧化锌(N-ZnO)的急性毒性.[方法]50只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为5组,高、中、低剂量组(HG、MG、LG)用N-ZnO悬浮液进行单次气管滴注染毒,剂量分别为每只20、10、5μg.空白对照组(BG)不作处理,阴性对照组(NG)采用磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)气管滴注.染毒后第7天对小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)、血常规以及主要脏器病理进行分析.[结果]观察终点HG小鼠仅存1只,故未纳入统计.HG和MG一般情况差,染毒后1、3、5天体重降幅高于BG及NG(P＜0.05);MG、LG的BALF中总蛋白、羟脯氨酸、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性,全血红细胞平均容量(MCV)、红细胞平均血红蛋白量(MCH)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、血小板平均体积(MPV)高于BG及NG(P＜0.05);而全血红细胞计数(RBC)低于BG及NG(P＜0.05). MG单核细胞百分比(MOD%)高于BG、NG及LG,红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)低于BG及NG(P＜0.05);同时,染毒后3天和5天的体重降幅、RDW、MPV、MOD%及肺灌洗液AKP在染毒组间也存在差异(P＜0.05).病理发现各染毒组小鼠肺内有明显的炎症反应,肺泡壁细胞增生和肺泡壁增厚现象,且随染毒剂量增加而加重. [结论]气管滴注N-ZnO诱发了比较明显的肺部炎症,并引起小鼠体重明显降低并发贫血.