主动吸入药物烟对大鼠一氧化氮的影响

目的　探讨主动吸入药物烟对大鼠NO的影响。方法　制备大鼠主动吸烟模型 ,采用硝酸还原酶法测定各组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织的NO含量。结果　非药物烟组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织中NO含量明显低于非给烟对照组 ,药物烟高、中剂量组NO含量明显高于非药物烟组 ,接近非给烟对照组。结论　吸烟对大鼠血液、肺、心肌及脑组织有不同程度的损伤作用 ,使NO含量降低 ;药物烟具有一定的保护和防止NO含量降低的作用。     

静脉血气分析及其临床应用进展

动脉血气分析是严重心肺疾病和许多代谢性疾病的重要检测手段，在血流动力学稳定状态下，动、静脉血气的CO2气体含量和酸碱参数非常接近，但在循环功能衰竭等情况下，动、静脉血气出现分离现象，此时可能需同时作静脉血气。静脉血气分析对危重患者特别是循环衰竭的患者可以提供组织氧合和酸碱状态更切实的评价，并可能对有效复苏提供更好的指导。     

Intensity-dependent regional cerebral blood flow during 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in healthy volunteers studied with H215O positron emission tomography: I. Effects of primary motor cortex rTMS.

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) affects the excitability of the motor cortex and is thought to influence activity in other brain areas as well. We combined the administration of varying intensities of 1-Hz rTMS of the motor cortex with simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) to delineate local and distant effects on brain activity. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects received 1-Hz rTMS to the optimal position over motor cortex (M1) for producing a twitch in the right hand at 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120% of the twitch threshold, while regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using H(2)(15)O and PET. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was delivered in 75-pulse trains at each intensity every 10 min through a figure-eight coil. The regional relationship of stimulation intensity to normalized rCBF was assessed statistically. RESULTS: Intensity-dependent rCBF increases were produced under the M1 stimulation site in ipsilateral primary auditory cortex, contralateral cerebellum, and bilateral putamen, insula, and red nucleus. Intensity-dependent reductions in rCBF occurred in contralateral frontal and parietal cortices and bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus and occipital cortex. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that 1-Hz rTMS delivered to the primary motor cortex (M1) produces intensity-dependent increases in brain activity locally and has associated effects in distant sites with known connections to M1.     

臀上血管深上支的应用解剖

本文观察了52侧(男46,女6)成人尸体臀上动、静脉深上支进入髂嵴情况.臀上动、静脉深上支分为前、中、后支;本文测量了臀上动、静脉深上支的外径及各分支进入髂嵴的距离.臀上动、静脉深上支的分支在髂嵴前部及中部分布较多,前支的分支为3～8支,其中以4～6支者为多见,占78.8±5.5％;中支的分支1～4支,其中以2～3者为多见,占73.1±6.1％.因此,臀上动脉深上支作为游离髂骨移植术取髂嵴的前部和中部较宜.     

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECTS OF MESULERGINE: FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR A PERIPHERAL SITE OF ACTION OF DOPAMINE AGONISTS

The cardiovascular effects of mesulergine were studied in anesthetized dogs. Intravenous (IV) administration (0.3 mg/kg) significantly decreased blood pressure in neurogenic hypertensive dogs without any change in heart rate. This effect was completely antagonized by IV administration of domperidone (0.5 mg/kg). Intracisternal administration of mesulergine (0.03, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg) did not produce any change in blood pressure. However, with the highest dose we observed a significant rise in heart rate during the first 2 min (which was probably nonspecific). These results suggest that mesulergine lowers blood pressure in sinoaortic-denervated dogs by means of a peripheral mechanism probably involving DA2 receptors. The findings confirm the potential interest of dopamine-receptor agonists as future antihypertensive agents.     

“津血同源”“肾为唾”的研究

以23例肾功能不全与20例肾功正常患者的唾液尿素氮、钠、钾、舌面pH值和血液的相应生化检查作对照。结果唾液尿素氮、钾与血尿素氮、钾成正相关性。证实了中医“津血同源”“肾为唾”的理论。     

A role of insular cortex in cardiovascular function

We sought to determine whether the insular cortex contributes to the regulation of arterial blood pressure (AP). Responses to electrical and chemical stimulation of the cortex were studied in the anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated Sprague-Dawley rat. The insular cortex was initially defined, anatomically, by the distributions of retrogradely labeled perikarya following injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Injections of WGA-HRP into the insular cortex anterogradely labeled terminals in cardiopulmonary and other divisions of the NTS and confirmed projections revealed by retrograde tracing experiments. Electrical stimulation of the insular cortex elicited elevations of AP (less than or equal to 50 mm Hg) and cardioacceleration (less than or equal to 40 bpm). The locations of the most active pressor sites corresponded closely to the locations of retrogradely labeled cells in layer V of granular and posterior agranular areas of the insular cortex (areas 14 and 13) and the extreme capsule. Maximal pressor responses were obtained at a stimulus intensity of three to five times threshold current of 20-30 microA. Responses elicited mostly with higher-threshold currents were also mapped in areas 2a and 5lb and the claustrum and within the corpus callosum. Unilateral injections into the insular pressor area of the excitatory amino acid monosodium glutamate (L-Glu; 0.05 nmol to 10 nmol) or the rigid structural analogue of L-Glu, kainic acid (KA) (0.4 nmol) (which specifically excite perikarya), caused topographically specific elevations in AP and tachycardia. During the course of the anatomical transport studies, new findings were obtained on the organization and characteristics of the cortical innervation of the NTS and the nucleus reticularis parvocellularis. Topographic relationships between the cortex and the NTS were organized in a more complex manner than previously thought. Cells projecting to caudal cardiopulmonary segments of the NTS were fewer and generally located ventrally and caudally and in a more restricted area than cells projecting rostrally or to the parvicellular reticular formation. Anterograde transport data revealed new presumptive terminal fields in dorsolateral, ventral, periventricular, and commissural regions of the NTS, including an area overlapping the terminal field of the aortic baroreceptor nerve. We conclude that neurons within an area of the insular cortex projecting to multiple brainstem autonomic nuclei, including a region of the NTS innervated by baroreceptor afferents, increase arterial blood pressure and heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Differential effect of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine in pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy with autonomic failure

Summary Treatment with L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-dops), a synthetic precursor of norepinephrine, significantly increased upright blood pressure in patients with multiple system atrophy but had no effect on the upright blood pressure of patients with pure autonomic failure. These results suggest that the site of action of L-threo-dops is central and that its pressor effect requires intact peripheral sympathetic neurons.     

流式细胞术检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓微转移

目的　应用流式细胞术检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓中的微转移。方法　骨髓经Ficoll梯度离心分离单核细胞后,用细胞角蛋白 19(Cytokeratin, CK19)单克隆抗体染色,应用流式细胞仪检测。结果　检测了 96例肺癌患者骨髓,发现 25例患者骨髓中有微转移。20例肺良性病变患者、10例正常人骨髓均无微转移。肺癌患者阳性率与患者病理分期、分化程度和细胞组织学类型密切相关 (P<0. 05)。结论　应用流式细胞术检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓中的微转移,有助于肺癌的综合治疗。     

Membrane flow within the myelin sheath in IDPN neuropathy

This report describes some aspects of beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) neuropathy in rats as observed by ultrastructural methods and X-ray diffraction. Light microscopy shows gross swelling of the axons in proximal lumbar spinal roots 8 days after intraperitoneal injection of IDPN. Mean axon cross-sectional area and mean axon perimeter increased to 280% and 160% of their control values, respectively. At the same time, myelin membrane packing was not visibly disturbed. In addition, X-ray diffraction patterns, recorded under physiological conditions, demonstrate that the myelin lipid bilayer thickness and widths of the aqueous spaces between bilayers did not change. Related observations are made on posterior tibial nerve (PNS myelin) and ventral spinal cord (CNS myelin). The various observations together are interpreted in terms of a fluid myelin membrane. It is proposed that the myelin membrane flows during axon swelling even though normal membrane-membrane contacts are maintained within the sheath. Membrane flow and slippage between membranes are explained in terms of a molecular model of the myelin multilayer.