Diabetes mellitus and open heart surgery

A method, based on bedside determinations of blood glucose by nursing staff, was designed to control the administration of insulin to diabetic patients during and following open heart surgery. A computer-controlled intravenous infusion pump was used to deliver the insulin. Excellent control of the hyperglycaemia normally associated with open heart surgery was achieved, with 84 percent of measured blood glucose values falling within 2 mmol/litre of the target value of 6 mmol/litre. The method proved to be simple, effective, and safe.     

血管内皮生长因子在高原脑水肿形成中作用的实验研究

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在高原脑水肿形成中的作用。方法:建立大鼠模拟高原模型,应用脑干湿重比率法定量脑水肿情况、应用荧光素钠透过率测定BBB通透性、应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测脑组织VEGF mRNA含量以及应用蛋白印迹法半定量脑组织VEGF含量。结果:大鼠在高原24 h后脑组织含水率明显增高(P<0.05),荧光素钠透过率显著增加(P<0.01);VEGF mRNA转录及其表达显著增高(P<0.001)。结论:VEGF表达在高原脑水肿形成中起重要作用。     

盐酸丁咯地尔治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足的效果

①目的　观察盐酸丁咯地尔对椎 基底动脉供血不足的治疗作用。②方法　将 82例椎 基底动脉供血不足病人随机分为两组 ,治疗组 4 2例 ,给予盐酸丁咯地尔 2 5 0mL静滴 ,每日 1次 ;对照组 4 0例 ,给予维脑路通0 .5g、胞二磷胆碱 0 .5 g静滴 ,每日 1次 ,均治疗 7d。检测两组治疗前后血液流变学和血流动力学指标的变化。 ③结果　治疗后治疗组全血高切黏度明显低于对照组 ,椎动脉平均血流速度 (VA)明显快于对照组 ,差异均有显著性(t=3.96 0 ,P <0 .0 1 ;t=2 .0 92 ,P <0 .0 5 )。治疗组治疗后全血高切、低切和血浆黏度明显低于治疗前 ,差异有显著性 (t=2 .74 6～ 2 .95 1 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ;VA、基底动脉平均血流速度 (BA)和外周血管阻力指数 (PI)高于治疗前 ,差异有显著性 (t=2 .732～ 5 .1 0 4 ,P <0 .0 1 )。对照组治疗后血浆黏度、PI明显低于治疗前 ,VA高于治疗前 ,差异均有显著性 (t=2 .1 6 8～ 2 .732 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;全血高切、低切黏度、BA治疗前后差异无显著性 (t=0 .346～ 2 .0 0 8,P >0 .0 5 )。④结论　盐酸丁咯地尔对椎 基底动脉供血不足有良好的改善作用 ,其疗效明显优于维脑路通加胞二磷胆碱的治疗效果     

不同采血针对新生儿足跟采血成功率的影响

目的：探讨不同采血针在新生儿疾病筛查采血中的采血效果。方法：采用三种采血针分别对2126例（A组）、1786例（B组）、1471例（C组）新生儿进行足跟采血，比较其采血成功率。结果：A、B、C三组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：采用7号一次性注射针头采血（C组）可明显提高采血成功率。     

厄贝沙坦治疗高血压患者的临床效果观察

目的：观察厄贝沙坦治疗高血压患者的临床效果。方法：选择2007年1月～2009年1月来本院就诊的高血压患者200例，随机分为两组，厄贝沙坦组100例，采用厄贝沙坦治疗4周；对照组100例采用依那普利治疗，观察患者用药前后动态血压、心脏功能变化，并评价临床疗效。结果：厄贝沙坦组患者治疗总有效率为97％，均未出现明显不良反应：与对照组比较．差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05。厄贝沙坦组治疗后24h、白昼和夜间平均收缩压和舒张压与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；用药后血压晨峰也显著降低，与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05：但与对照组间比较，差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05。结论：厄贝沙坦治疗高血压疗效满意，安全性较高，还可降低患者的心脑血管意外的风险。     

初次献血对红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的探讨初次献血对红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响.方法应用比色法分别检测50例符合献血条件的健康初次献血者献血前后的红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性,并对结果进行分析.结果初次献血者献血前后红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性分别为3.121±0.441和2.907±0.397 μmol.Pi/107 RBC.h,两者比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论初次献血对红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性无影响,献血不会造成红细胞功能损伤.     

常压及控制性降压下脊髓急性牵拉损伤比较研究

目的 评价控制性降压是否增加脊髓对牵拉损伤的易感性。材料与方法健康成年杂种犬6只，随机分为常压和控制性降压脊髓牵拉损伤组。观察常压及控制性降压水平下相同程度牵拉损伤后脊髓血流(SCBF)、体感诱发电位(SEP)、神经源性运动诱发电位(NMEP)改变的差异。结果 外周血有创动脉压(MABP)平均下降幅度为40．5％。经SSPS统计软件独立样本t检验，不同牵拉水平下，常压组及低压组的SCBF(％)、SEP波幅(Asep)(％)及NMEP波幅(％)无显著差异。结论 尼卡地平控制性降压不增加脊髓对牵拉损伤的易感性。     

Effects of tracheal extubation on coronary blood flow,myocardial metabolism and systemic haemodynamic responses

Global coronary blood flow and metabolism were measured in seven patients on the first postoperative day following coronary revascularization to test the hypothesis that tracheal extubation produces adverse haemodynamic responses akin to those observed during tracheal intubation. Regional coronary flow and metabolic measurements were made in five of the seven patients. Extubation from a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 5 cm H₂O was associated with a statistically significant rise in cardiac index from 3.44 ± 0.23 L · min^-1 · m^-2 to 3.73 ± 0.15L·min^-1 ·m^-2 related to an increase in stroke index, without significant changes in heart rate, mean arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Consequently the changes in myocardial oxygen consumption (8.52 ± 0.55 to 8.85 ± 0.93 ml · min^-1) and coronary blood flow (172 ± 18 to 179 ± 17 ml·min^-1) were less prominent than those reported during intubation, where substantial rises in myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow occurred. Two patients experienced cardiac lactate production but there were no changes in systemic or coronary haemodynamics, nor were there clinical or electrocardiographic signs of ischaemia. We conclude that extubation does not appear to be associated with adverse systemic or coronary haemodynamic responses in patients following coronary bypass grafting. However, the revascularized myocardium may remain vulnerable to anaerobic metabolism in the immediate postoperative period. Pour savoir si comme ľintubation, ľextubation de la trachée provoque des perturbations hémodynamiques, on a mesuré le métabolisme et la circulation coronarienne globale chez sept patients, au lendemain ďun pontage aorto-coronarien. On a aussi calculé les valeurs régionales de ces mêmes variables pour cinq ďentre eux. Ľindex cardiaque de 3.44 ± 0.23 L · min^-1 · m^-2 sous pression positive en respiration spontanée (CPAP) de 5 cm. H₂O s’est élevé à 3.73 ± 0.15 L · min^-1 · m^-2 post-extubation avec une augmentation significative du volume ďéjection. La fréquence cardiaque et les pressions artérielles moyennes et capillaires pulmonaires n’ont pas changé. Ainsi ľaugmentation de la consommation ďoxygène du myocarde de 8.52 ± 0.55 à 8.85 ± 0.93 ml · min^-1 et celle du flot coronarien de 172 ± 18 à 179 ± 17 ml · min^-1 ont été moindres que celles, importantes, déjà observées lors de ľintubation. On a noté chez deux patients une production de lactate par le myocarde, sans changement de ľhémodynamic systémique et coronarienne non plus que de signe clinique ou électrocardiographique ďischémie. Donc, après un pontage coronarien, ľextubation ne semble pas causer ďeffet néfaste sur les circulations systémique et coronarienne, toutefois, le myocarde revascularisé peut demeurer sensible au métabolisme anaérobique.     

Association between cord blood IgE and genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-4, the β-subunit of the high-affinity receptor for IgE, lymphotoxin-α, and tumor Necrosis factor-α

High cord blood immunoglobulin E (cbIgE) is known to be associated with increased risks of atopic diseases in childhood. The relationship between genetic polymorphisms and high cbIgE has not been well documented. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association between cbIgE and genetic polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-4 -590C/T, the beta-subunit of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI-beta) E237G, lymphotoxin (LT)-alphaNcoI alleles, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha -308G/A. A total of 320 mother-neonate pairs were recruited from four maternity hospitals from different locations of Taiwan. Cord blood was obtained and assayed for cbIgE. Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to assess the genotypes. Three hundred pairs of mothers and neonates were included in the final analysis. Infants with IL-4 -590 C allele were found to have higher risk of elevated cbIgE (> or =0.35 IU/ml, 24.3%) (p = 0.004). After adjusting for gender, birth order, maternal age, and history of allergic disease in maternal and paternal families, odds ratios for CC and CT genotypes were 4.41 and 3.16 (95% confidence interval 0.78-22.67, and 1.66-6.13), respectively, using TT genotype as reference. The genotypes of FcepsilonRI-beta, LT-alpha, and TNF-alpha were not associated with cbIgE before or after the adjustment. Our finding suggested a significant association of cbIgE with genetic polymorphism of IL-4 -590C/T, but not with the genotypes of FcepsilonRI-beta, LT-alpha, and TNF-alpha.