Premature Ticagrelor Discontinuation in Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic CVD: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Ticagrelor is a cornerstone of modern antithrombotic therapy alongside aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndrome and after percutaneous coronary intervention. Adverse effects such as bleeding and dyspnea have been associated with premature ticagrelor discontinuation, which may limit any potential advantage of ticagrelor over clopidogrel. The randomized trials of ticagrelor captured adverse events, offering the opportunity to more precisely quantify these effects across studies. Therefore, a meta-analysis of 4 randomized clinical trials of ticagrelor conducted between January 2007 and June 2017 was performed to quantify the incidence and causes of premature ticagrelor discontinuation. Among 66,870 patients followed for a median 18 months, premature ticagrelor discontinuation was seen in 25%; bleeding was the most common cause of discontinuation followed by dyspnea. Versus the comparators, the relative risk of dyspnea-related discontinuation during follow-up was 6.4-fold higher, the relative risk of bleeding was 3.2-fold higher, and the relative risk of discontinuation due to any adverse event was 59% higher for patients receiving ticagrelor. Understanding these potential barriers to adherence to ticagrelor is crucial for informed patient-physician decision making and can inform future efforts to improve ticagrelor adherence. This review discusses the incidence, causes, and biological mechanisms of ticagrelor-related adverse effects and offers strategies to improve adherence to ticagrelor.     

盐酸氨溴索与多索茶碱治疗慢性支气管炎的疗效评价

目的探讨对慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者采用盐酸氨溴索联合多索茶碱治疗的临床疗效。方法选取本院收治的慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者88例为研究对象,收治时间为2018年3月-2019年3月,根据入院时间将患者随机分为两组,对照组(n=44)和观察组(n=44)。观察组患者采用盐酸氨溴索联合多索茶碱治疗,对照组采用多索茶碱治疗,对两组患者治疗后的治疗有效率以及两组患者症状改善情况进行观察比较。结果观察组患者治疗有效率(97.7%)高于对照组(84.1%),P <0.05;观察组患者症状改善情况优于对照组,P <0.05。结论盐酸氨溴索联合多索茶碱治疗慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者,临床疗效较好,改善患者症状情况。     

Epitope load identifies kidney transplant recipients at risk of allosensitization following minimization of immunosuppression

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Lung Ultrasound for the Emergency Diagnosis of Pneumonia,Acute Heart Failure,and Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background

Lung ultrasound can accelerate the diagnosis of life-threatening diseases in adults with respiratory symptoms.

WT1基因与急性髓系白血病的预后及主动特异性免疫治疗的研究进展

WT1基因位于人类染色体11p13，在80%的急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）患者中高表达，是AML预后不良的分子标志，可作为AML预后评估和微小残留病变（minimal residual disease，MRD）监测的有效指标。由于WT1在AML中均有异常高表达，故认为是一种AML抗原，可作为特异性免疫治疗的新靶点。一些小规模的临床试验证实以WT1为靶点的免疫治疗是有效的、安全的，这些免疫治疗可作为那些有高危复发风险及初始标准化疗失败的AML患者的辅助治疗。本文就近几年WT1与AML的预后及有关以WT1为靶点的主动特异性免疫治疗的研究进展予以综述。     

Stage 1 acute kidney injury is independently associated with infection following cardiac surgery

ObjectivesSevere acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known risk factor for infection and mortality. However, whether stage 1 AKI is a risk factor for infection has not been evaluated in adults. We hypothesized that stage 1 AKI following cardiac surgery would independently associate with infection and mortality.MethodsIn this retrospective propensity score–matched study, we evaluated 1620 adult patients who underwent nonemergent cardiac surgery at the University of Colorado Hospital from 2011 to 2017. Patients who developed stage 1 AKI by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria within 72 hours of surgery were matched to patients who did not develop AKI. The primary outcome was an infection, defined as a new surgical-site infection, positive blood or urine culture, or development of pneumonia. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, stroke, and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsStage 1 AKI occurred in 293 patients (18.3%). Infection occurred in 20.9% of patients with stage 1 AKI compared with 8.1% in the no-AKI group (P < .001). In propensity-score matched analysis, stage 1 AKI independently associated with increased infection (odds ratio [OR]; 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-3.17), ICU LOS (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.71–3.31), and hospital LOS (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17-1.45).ConclusionsStage 1 AKI is independently associated with postoperative infection, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS. Treatment strategies focused on prevention, early recognition, and optimal medical management of AKI may decrease significant postoperative morbidity.     

改良俯卧位对俯卧位通气临床疗效及并发症的影响

目的观察改良俯卧位对俯卧位通气(PPV)临床疗效及并发症的影响。方法将该院呼吸和危重症医学科行PPV的52例患者随机分为对照组和实验组各26例,对照组应用常规方法进行PPV,实验组采用改良俯卧位进行PPV。比较两组患者PPV的临床效果和并发症发生情况。结果两组间俯卧位前和俯卧位后12 h的氧合指数无明显差异(P>0.05);两组患者俯卧位后12 h的氧合指数均较各组俯卧位前明显改善(P<0.05);两组患者气管插管脱出、血流动力学显著波动、误吸和面部水肿的发生率无显著差异(P>0.05);实验组皮肤压疮的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论改良俯卧位对PPV的临床疗效无显著影响,但可以降低皮肤压疮的发生率。