Consistency of Recall of Sexual and Drug-Using Behaviors for Homeless Persons with Dual Diagnosis

In this paper we present data from a study of the consistency of recall of several sexual and drug-using behaviors gathered from face-to-face interviews with homeless persons who have dual diagnosis (severe mental illness plus a substance use disorder). Factors associated with inconsistent reporting are also examined. One hundred and thirty-three individuals participating in a longitudinal study of HIV risk behaviors were recruited for a retrospective recall study. Participants were completing monthly interviews that included assessments of sexual behaviors and drug use. Participants completed an additional interview using the same instruments and were randomly assigned to a 3- or 6-month recall condition; the data from the additional interview were correlated with the regular, monthly interviews. Results indicated that reports of sexual and substance-using behaviors were generally reported consistently for both 3- and 6-month recall periods; however, coefficients for the 3-month interval were generally better than those for the 6-month interval. One exception was that protected intercourse was generally not reported consistently. Inconsistent reporting of sexual and drug-using behaviors was associated with the severity of substance abuse; inconsistent reporting of sexual behaviors was also associated with African-American race. Our data suggest that a 3-month recall interval is generally superior to a 6-month interval for persons with severe mental illness.     

Modular patterning of structure and function of the striatum by retinoid receptor signaling

Retinoid signaling plays a crucial role in patterning rhombomeres in the hindbrain and motor neurons in the spinal cord during development. A fundamentally interesting question is whether retinoids can pattern functional organization in the forebrain that generates a high order of cognitive behavior. The striatum contains a compartmental structure of striosome (or "patch") and intervening matrix. How this highly complex mosaic design is patterned by the genetic programs during development remains elusive. We report a developmental mechanism by which retinoid receptor signaling controls compartmental formation in the striatum. We analyzed RARbeta(-/-) mutant mice and found a selective loss of striosomal compartmentalization in the rostral mutant striatum. The loss of RARbeta signaling in the mutant mice resulted in reduction of cyclin E2, a cell cycle protein regulating transition from G(1) to S phase, and also reduction of the proneural gene Mash1, which led to defective neurogenesis of late-born striosomal cells. Importantly, during striatal neurogenesis, endogenous levels of retinoic acid were spatiotemporally regulated such that transduction of high levels of retinoic acid through RARbeta selectively expanded the population of late-born striosomal progenitors, which evolved into a highly elaborate compartment in the rostral striatum. RARbeta(-/-) mutant mice, which lacked such enlarged compartment, displayed complex alternations of dopamine agonist-induced stereotypic motor behavior, including exaggeration of head bobbing movement and reduction of rearing activity. RARbeta signaling thus plays a crucial role in setting up striatal compartments that may engage in neural circuits of psychomotor control.     

短程小组认知行为治疗失眠伴慢性非恶性颈背痛的效果

目的 探讨短程小组认知行为治疗失眠伴慢性非恶性颈背部疼痛患者的效果.方法 选择2013年6月～2013年12月于首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院神经与精神病科诊治的,符合国际睡眠障碍分类第二版失眠的诊断标准,并伴慢性非恶性颈背部疼痛的患者39例,随机分为短程小组认知行为治疗组(干预组,20例)和单纯睡眠卫生教育组(对照组,19例).患者于治疗前,治疗结束后1、5周填写匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、睡眠日志、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和疼痛视觉模拟评分,比较并分析两组的结果.结果 两组治疗期间各有1例中途脱落未能完成治疗.干预组治疗结束后1周入睡时间、睡眠总时间、睡眠质量、睡眠效率、焦虑得分均较对照组改善[(39±18)比(65±28)min、(429±47)比(413±70)min、(3.8±1.6)比(3.5±1.5)分、(73±13)％比(66±12)％、(7.0±3.5)比(8.1±3.7)分],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗结束后5周干预组入睡时间、睡眠总时间、睡眠质量、睡眠效率、焦虑得分分别较对照组相应指标改善[(35±12)比(62±27)min、(440±52)比(418±75)min、(3.9±1.8)比(3.5±1.6)分、(76±12)％比(66±12)％、(6.5±2.4)比(7.8±3.3)分],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 短程小组认知行为治疗对失眠伴慢性颈背痛患者的失眠和伴随焦虑症状有持续的效果.     

病毒感染导致的体温升高与血常规的变化关系

目的：分析研究病毒感染导致的体温升高与血常规的变化之间的关系,为临床诊断以及治疗提供重要依据。方法选取2013年5月—2014年5月在妇幼保健院接收的由病毒感染引发的发热病例100例,其中上呼吸道感染者58例（58%）;水痘病毒感染者42例（42%）,分析研究低（37.5～38℃）、中（38.1～39℃）、高热（39.1～40℃）患者的临床血液常规检查特点,根据检查结果对比呼吸道感染毒和水痘病毒血项的不同。结果100例患者平均体温在37.8±0.7℃。其中低温58例（58%）;中温23例（23%）;高温19例（19%）。该研究一共有100例病人,临床血液常规检查正常的一共有17例,占总体的17%,当中白细胞计数平均值在（8.2±2.7）×109/L,淋巴细胞计数百分比平均值在（16±5）%,中性粒细胞百分比平均值在（77.2±8.7）%;低热组病人的临床血液常规异常为79.3%;中度发热组临床血液常规异常为100%,高热组临床血液常规异常为100%,当中以NC升高为主,其次为LC降低,高热组、中热组血常规异常率均高于低热组、高热组、中热组LC降低幅度,NC升高幅度大于低热组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;上呼吸道感染毒组WBC、NC高于水痘病毒感染组,LC低于水痘病毒感染组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论病毒感染者体温升高的同时会伴随血常规异常的发生,上呼吸道感染和水痘病毒感染的血常规异常情况有所不同,应酌情结合患者临床症状采取治疗方案。     

插入钢板技术在治疗胫骨下段开放性骨折中的运用疗效

目的：探讨在胫骨下段开放性骨折患者中应用插入钢板技术的可行性。方法53例胫骨下段开放性骨折患者采用插入钢板技术,通过统计手术时间、出血量;观察切口愈合、骨折愈合四个方面来进行疗效评估。结果53例患者手术时间平均40 min,术中失血量平均150 mL;50例切口愈合等级为甲级,3例切口周围局部结痂,未进行特殊治疗,按时拆线,切口顺利愈合。结论插入钢板技术在胫骨下段开放性骨折的治疗中具备相当的疗效。     

基于互联网平台的髋关节置换患者健康教育实证分析

目的：探讨互联网平台应用于髋关节置换患者健康教育的效果,利用现代技术手段创造新的健康教育模 式。方法：整群抽取2013年3-8月300例髋关节置换手术患者按时间段分为两组进行前瞻性研究,对照组采用传统教 育模式,试验组在对照组的基础上将多媒体素材传到互联网关节登记系统或导入电脑,辅以视频教育,分析两组患 者知信行的变化关系,评价其对焦虑水平、满意度和术后并发症等的影响程度。结果：试验组患者术后健康教育知 识、态度、行为依从性、满意度及并发症均优于对照组,术后焦虑水平低于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。结论：基于互联网关节登记系统及电脑视频教育的应用可改变患者的知信行,降低患者焦虑水平,增加患 者满意度,具有临床使用和推广价值。     

封闭负压引流（VSD）技术与传统换药技术治疗深度烧伤的临床疗效比较

目的：比较VSD技术与传统换药技术对深度烧伤的治疗效果。方法：选取110例深Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度烧伤患者按照随机平行分组法随机分为治疗组（VSD技术组）58例与对照组（传统换药组）52例,比较两组患者对深度烧伤的治疗效果。结果：治疗组优良率明显高于对照组,治疗组植皮时间、疼痛评分明显少于对照组,且细菌培养阴性率、治疗费用明显高于对照组。结论：封闭负压引流（VSD）技术可缩短植皮时间、减轻疼痛,但治疗费用较高。     

改良动静脉内瘘成形术120例临床疗效分析

目的：报道应用改良连续缝合加褥式缝合血管进行血液透析内瘘术的临床效果。方法：选取120例需行血液透析患者男55例,女65例,年龄24岁～75岁,行前臂标准位桡动脉头静脉侧端改良连续缝合加褥式缝合内瘘术,通过临床及超声随访验证。结果：手术成功率达99％,内瘘长期有效率达98．2％。结论：应用改良连续缝合加褥式缝合血管行内瘘术能够收到良好的临床效果。     

分子医学影像研究进展(上)

分子医学影像技术应用影像学的方法对活体状态下的生物过程进行细胞和分子水平的定性与定量研究,极大地改变着我们对于生理作用机制、药物研发、疾病诊断与评估方面的认识角度和研究方法。本文综述了其核心技术的研究进展与应用分析,指出分子医学影像技术在生物医学工程研究和临床诊断中的重要性。     

密度梯度离心联合上游法的精液处理在供精体外受精胚胎移植中的应用

目的:观察供精体外受精-胚胎移植术(D-IVF)中采用密度梯度离心法联合上游法处理精液后的胚胎情况。方法:回顾本院2013年1月-2014年7月D-IVF 135个周期,观察冷冻精液复苏后经采用密度梯度离心法联合上游法处理后精子总活动率、前向运动精子活动率等精液情况,以及受精以后的受精率、卵裂率、临床妊娠率,对照组为同期46个因丈夫梗阻性无精行ICSI的周期。结果:处理后精子总活动率、前向运动精子活动率均大大提高,但是精子密度却大大下降,处理前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);受精以后的实验室资料和对照组比较,各项参数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:密度梯度离心法联合上游法的精液处理方法在D-IVF中是一种稳定可行的方法。