UF-100i全自动尿有形成份分析仪在脑脊液细胞分析中的应用

目的 探讨UF-100i全自动尿有形成份分析仪在脑脊液细胞分析中的应用.方法 无菌采集脑脊液后,用UF-100i全自动尿有形成份分析仪对标本进行分析及传统手工方法分别计数脑脊液细胞,对计数结果进行统计学分析.结果 UF-100全自动尿有形成份分析仪检测红细胞、白细胞与显微镜目测法计数经配对t检验,无显著差异.结论 全自动尿有形成份分析仪计数脑脊液中的细胞快速、结果准确且重复性好,适合临床常规检测脑脊液标本.     

应用AQi技术评价慢性肺心病右室功能的临床研究

目的：探讨应用智能声学定量（AQi)技术检测慢性肺心病患者右室收缩和舒张功能的临床价值。方法：用心尖四腔心切面，以AQi为指标对39例慢性肺心病患者和20例正常人右室功能进行了测定。将慢性肺心病分为心功能代偿期（I组）和心功能失代偿期（Ⅱ组）。AQi技术的参数包括EDA、ESA、FAC、PER、PRFR。结果：与对照组相比，肺心病I组和Ⅱ组EDA和ESA显著增大，FAC和PEA显著增大，FAC和PER显著降低。Ⅱ组与I组相比，以上参数也有显著差异。I组的PRFR与对照组比较无显著差异。但Ⅱ组的PRFR与对照组比较，有显著差异。结论：慢性肺心病代偿期右室收缩功能就已经受损，并且随着病情的进展，损害进一步加重。而舒张功能在心功能失代偿期才出现明显损害，慢性肺心病右室收缩功能受损早于舒张功能，AQi技术能够准确、实时地反应右室功能。     

Alcohol-Related Words of Positive Affect are More Accessible in Social Drinkers' Memory Than are Other Words When Sip-Primed by Alcohol

Alcohol-related consequences of consumption with positive affect are claimed to be more accessible in memory than are negative, and to a limited extent this has been demonstrated with recall paradigms. This hypothesis is tested with a more robust recognition paradigm, the automated Stroop. A 3-factor mixed design was used: between subjects factor was Prime (soft or alcoholic drink); two within subjects factors were related to the Stroop word stimuli, Affect (positive or negative) and Alcohol-relatedness (related or unrelated). Sixty paid, volunteer, social drinkers took part. Binary colour choice RTs were measured and Stroop Interference RTs were derived in the standard way. Only correct RTs were analysed. Using a 2×2×2 ANOVA, a significant 3-way interaction was found (p=0.029). Words depicting positive consequences of alcohol consumption had significantly higher interference scores than did words depicting negative in the group primed with alcohol drink sips but not in the group primed with soft drink sips.     

Clinical results of triple Descemet's stripping and automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK)

PurposeTo evaluate visual acuity (VA), refractive outcome, endothelial cell loss rate and complications of Descemet's stripping and automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with coexisting corneal endothelial dysfunction and cataracts.MethodsSeventeen patients underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantationthrough temporal corneal incision, followed by DSAEK. The selection of IOL power was predicted by preoperative lens power calculations of fellow eye plus 0.5 to 1.0 diopters (D).ResultsThere were five cases of laser iridotomy induced corneal dysfunction, four cases of Fuch's dystrophy, three cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) endotheliitis, three cases of iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, one case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) endotheliitis, and one case with an unknown cause. The BSCVAs were all under 0.2 preoperatively, and the average BSCVA was 0.3 postoperatively. The postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error was ?0.11 D on an average. The endothelial cell loss rate was ?36.86% at 6 months and ?38.60% at 12 months. There was one case of graft rejection at 6 months, and one case of primary graft failure. Complications such as donor detachment, pupillary block, donor graft folds, epithelial ingrowth, or interface scar did not occur.ConclusionThis case series of DSAEK combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation suggests that the procedure provides rapid visual rehabilitation and allows the selection of an appropriate IOL.     

The paradoxical stimulation by a reversible thrombin inhibitor of thrombin generation in plasma measured with thrombinography is caused by α2‐macroglobulin‐thrombin

Summary. Background. Thrombin generation (TG) in plasma can be monitored continuously with a fluorogenic thrombin substrate using calibrated automated thrombinography (CAT). In the presence of low concentrations of a reversible direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI), CAT shows an unexpected effect: the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) increases at low concentrations of the inhibitor to subsequently decrease concentration dependently at higher concentrations (> approximately 100 nm ). Objectives. To find an explanation for this phenomenon, we measured the concentrations of free thrombin and α₂‐macroglobulin‐thrombin complex (α₂MT) with a sub‐sampling technique in the presence of AR‐H067637, a selective DTI. Results. At all concentrations of the DTI there was a gradual dose‐dependent decrease in the concentration of free, not‐inhibited thrombin but a transient increase in free α₂MT due to competition of thrombin and α₂MT for the inhibitor. Because the CAT technique uses an algorithm to subtract α₂MT activity from the total amidolytic activity, this transient increase in α₂MT activity is not subtracted and erroneously attributed to thrombin itself. Conclusions. This study explains the spurious increase in ETP observed at low DTI concentrations. The results obtained in plasma were corroborated by observations in a thrombin generating system reconstituted with purified factors. In practise, the effect of DTIs on TG can be reliably evaluated from the area under the curve till time‐to‐peak.     

Perimetric and peri‐papillary nerve fibre layer thickness findings in multiple sclerosis

Background and purpose: Several previous studies have employed optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic disc and ‘white‐on‐white’ automated perimetry to evaluate optic neuritis (ON) associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study employed OCT, white‐on‐white automated perimetry as well as ‘blue‐on‐yellow’ automated perimetry to evaluate MS patients with or without episodes of ON. Methods: The MS group consisted of 56 patients with MS (27 patients with no history of ON in both eyes and 29 patients with at least one ON attack in one or both eyes), whereas the control group consisted of 56 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects. All patients underwent a complete neurological and ophthalmological examination. Peri‐papillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) was evaluated using OCT. The mean defect and pattern standard deviation for both white‐on‐white and blue‐on‐yellow perimetry were also recorded. Results: RNFLT and perimetric scores were significantly lower in MS group without a history of ON and in the unaffected eyes of MS group with unilateral ON, compared with controls. MS group with more than one ON episodes had significantly compromised blue‐on‐yellow perimetric indices, compared with patients with one ON episode, whereas respective differences for white‐on‐white perimetry were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The significantly lower RNFLT and perimetric scores in MS group patients without ON, compared with control group, may possibly be attributed to sub‐clinical episodes of ON or to retrograde degeneration of nerve cells from sub‐clinical post‐chiasmal lesions. Blue‐on‐yellow perimetry may be advantageous over white‐on‐white perimetry in evaluating MS‐associated functional defects.     

Coexpression of the melatonin receptor 1 and nestin in human breast cancer specimens

Abstract:  Activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for melatonin (MT1) suppresses breast cancer cell growth in experimental models. To elucidate whether MT1 might play a role in cancer cells positive for the stem cell marker nestin, we assessed paired carcinomatous (Ca) and adjacent noncancerous (NCa) samples from 42 patients with primary breast cancer for MT1 and nestin by double immunofluorescence staining and quantitative image analysis with Tissue-Quest^® software. MT1 was located in luminal and myoepithelial cells in milk ducts and in tumor cells in 40/42 and 39/42 of NCa and Ca specimens, respectively, independent of hormone receptor and HER-2 status. Nestin was located together with MT1 in myoepithelial cells in 38 NCa specimens (total n = 42) and in 18 Ca specimens with intact milk ducts. Quantitative evaluation of selected 16 NCa and Ca samples revealed that MT1 levels were higher in invasive Ca sections than in NCa specimens in eight and lower in six cases. Specimens from higher tumor stages (TII/III) with a higher risk of relapse were associated with MT1/nestin co-staining in more than 10% of tumor cells, whereas a lack of co-staining correlated with lower tumor stages. Abundant expression of MT1 and, particularly, coexpression of MT1 with nestin in invading tumor cells in more advanced tumors suggest an important role for this GPCR in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.     

使用1H-MRS和LCModel对鼻喷中枢性镇痛药后脑代谢物谷氨酸复合物的

BACKGROUND： In localized brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy （^1H-MRS）, metabolite levels are often expressed as ratios, rather than absolute concentrations. Frequently, the denominator is creatine, which is assumed to be stable in normal, as well as many pathological, states. However, in vivo creatine levels do not remain constant. Therefore, absolute metabolite measurements, which provide the precise concentrations of certain chemical compounds, are superior to metabolite ratios for determining pathological and evolutional changes.
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the feasibility of quantification analysis of brain metabolite changes caused by central analgesics nasal spray using the ^1H-MRS and linear combination model （LCModel） methods.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This neuroimaging, observational, animal study was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shantou University, China from July to December 2007.
MATERIALS： Butorphanol tartrate nasal spray, as a mixed agonist-antagonist opioid analgesic, was purchased from Shanghai Hengrui Pharmacy, China. A General Electric Signa 1.5T System （General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA） and LCModel software （Stephen Provencher, Oakville, Ontario, Canada） were used in this study.
METHODS： MRS images were acquired in ten healthy swine aged 2 weeks using single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopic sequence. A region of interest （2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm） was placed in the image centers of maximum brain parenchyma. Repeated MRS scanning was performed 15-20 minutes after intranasal administration of 1 mg of butorphanol tartrate. Three settings of repetition time/echo time were selected before and after nasal spray administration 3 000 ms/30 ms,1 500 ms/30 ms, and 3 000 ms/50 ms. Metabolite concentrations were estimated by LCModel software.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ^1H-MRS spectra was obtained using various repetition time/echo time settings. Concentrations of glutamate compounds （glutamate ＋ glutamine）, N-acetyl aspartate, and choline were detected in swine brain prior to and following nasal spray treatment. RESULTS： The glutamate compounds curve was consistent with original spectra, when a repetition time/echo time of 3 000 ms/30 ms was adopted. Concentrations of glutamate compounds, N-acetyl aspartate, and choline decreased following administration. The most significant reduction was observed in glutamate compound concentrations from （9.28 ± 0.54） mmol/kg to （7.28 ± 0.54） mmol/kg （P 〈 0.05）.
CONCLUSION： ^1H-MRS and LCModel software were effectively utilized to quantitatively analyze and measure brain metabolites. Glutamate compounds might be an important neurotransmitter in central analgesia.