脑干、三叉神经及大脑动脉环的可视化研究

目的 建立人体脑干、三叉神经及大脑动脉环的可视化数字模型。方法 采用首例中国数字化可视人体数据集，在SGI工作站上对脑干及其周围毗邻结构进行计算机三维重建并立体显示。结果 获得人体脑干、三叉神经及大脑动脉环等器官组织的三维重建结构，可对其进行任意径线和角度的适时三维测量。结论 首例中国数字化可视人体数据集能够提供完整而精确的解剖断面数据，脑干及其毗邻的三叉神经、大脑动脉环的可视化模型准确反映出该区域复杂的解剖学结构特点及其相邻器官间的空间毗邻关系，可为该区域的疾病的影像诊断和外科治疗提供形态学依据。     

Transcatheter closure of the patent arterial duct using the Flipper coil in a premature infant weighing 1,400 g: a case report.

A symptomatic 1,400 g premature triplet underwent successful transcatheter coil embolization of patent arterial duct using the umbilical artery. One 3 mm x 3 cm Flipper coil was used with no angiographic residual shunt. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the smallest preterm infants to undergo this transcatheter procedure.     

Normal cerebral perfusion measurements using arterial spin labeling: reproducibility, stability, and age and gender effects.

Before meaningful conclusions can be drawn from clinical measures of cerebral blood perfusion, the precision of the measurement must be determined and set in the context of inter- and intrasubject sources of variability. This work establishes the reproducibility of perfusion measurements using the noninvasive MRI technique of continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL). Perfusion was measured in 34 healthy normal subjects. Intersubject variability was assessed, and age and gender contributions were estimated. Intersubject variation was found to be large, with up to 100% perfusion difference for subjects of the same age and gender. Repeated measurements in one subject showed that perfusion remains remarkably stable in the short term when compared with intersubject variation and the large capacity for perfusion change in the brain. A significant decrease in the ratio of gray-matter to white-matter perfusion was found with increasing age (0.79% per year (P < 0.0005)). This appears to be due mainly to a reduction in gray-matter perfusion, which was found to decrease by 0.45% per year (P = 0.04). Regional analysis suggested that the gray-matter age-related changes were predominantly localized in the frontal cortex. Whole-brain perfusion was 13% higher (P = 0.02) in females compared to males.     

Quantification of perfusion fMRI using a numerical model of arterial spin labeling that accounts for dynamic transit time effects.

A new approach to modeling the signal observed in arterial spin labeling (ASL) experiments during changing perfusion conditions is presented in this article. The new model uses numerical methods to extend first-order kinetic principles to include the changes in arrival time of the arterial tag that occur during neuronal activation. Estimation of the perfusion function from the ASL signal using this model is also demonstrated. The estimation algorithm uses a roughness penalty as well as prior information. The approach is demonstrated in numerical simulations and human experiments. The approach presented here is particularly suitable for fast ASL acquisition schemes, such as turbo continuous ASL (Turbo-CASL), which allows subtraction pairs to be acquired in less than 3 s but is sensitive to arrival time changes. This modeling approach can also be extended to other acquisition schemes.     

肾动脉狭窄介入治疗前后血清脑利钠肽水平的变化及意义的研究

目的探讨肾动脉狭窄介入治疗前后血清脑利钠肽BNP水平的变化及意义。方法采用回顾性调查方法，对肾动脉狭窄介入治疗前后血清脑利钠肽水平的变化进行分析。结果肾动脉狭窄介入治疗再通后，血清BNP水平出现下降（P〈0．01）。结论血清BNP水平的变化对肾动脉狭窄介入治疗后疗效的评价具有一定的临床指导意义。     

兔孤束核区微量注射γ-氨基丁酸的降压效应

在53只乌拉坦麻醉家兔身上,观察到延髓孤束核(NTS)区注射γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)使血压显著下降,安定(DZ)有相似的降压效应,荷包牡丹碱(BIC)和印防己毒素(PIC)则使血压升高;促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)和甲硫脑啡肽(MTP)对血压无明显影响;延髓的另一些区域应用GABA等药物后血压变化不明显;提示GABA能神经递质系统参与心血管活动的抑制性中枢调节,NTS区是其作用部位之一。     

分子吸附再循环系统对冠心病并发重度脓毒症患者心率和动脉压的影响

目的研究分子吸附再循环系统(MARS)对冠心病并发重度脓毒症患者心率和动脉压的影响.方法对2002年11月至2004年2月在ICU治疗的冠心病并发重度脓毒症患者所进行的12次床边MARS治疗有关资料进行回顾性分析和探讨.结果MARS治疗4 h后患者心率显著减慢,收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压明显升高.结论MARS可改善MODS患者血流动力学指标.     

Approved indications of lipo-PGE1 in Japan

For its peripheral vascular dilating effect and platelet agglutination inhibitory activity, prostaglandin E₁ is used in the treatment of diseases which are likely to cause peripheral circulatory failure or thrombus. In Japan, lipo-PGE₁, which was developed to give it a target-directed nature by modifying the conventional PGE₁, has been used and found to be useful in clinical practice. In this report, we attempt to describe the clinical benefits of lipo-PGE₁ focusing on the diseases which have been approved for its indications.     

Orthostatic blood pressure control and ageing*

Reflex haemodynamic responses to orthostatic stress are attenuated with ageing, the extent of attenuation increasing with advancing age. In 15–20% of individuals aged >65 years, the attenuation may be so marked that there is an excessive fall of blood pressure (BP) on assumption of the upright posture, sufficient on occasions to cause symptomatic cerebral hypoperfusion - this is known as ‘ageing-related’ orthostatic hypotension (AOH), a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Comparison of the cardiovascular responses to a variety of physiological and pharmacological stresses in healthy young and elderly subjects and in those with AOH suggests that the predominant site of the ageing-related change in cardiovascular reflex function is in the central connections of the arterial baroreflex, affecting particularly the BP buffering response. There is no evidence for ageing-related impairment of the efferent limb of the baroreflex, i. e. there is no significant ageing change in sympathetic vasomotor function or cardiac drive. Ageing-related impairment of baroreflex function also does not appear to result from either attenuation of arterial compliance or the presence of systolic hypertension, despite the epidemiological association between systolic hypertension and AOH. Better understanding of this important problem has the potential to improve the health of all elderly people.