Increased apoptosis in third-trimester placental tissue from gestations complicated by PIH

Objective: To investigate a possible role of apoptosis in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of PIH ( pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome). Methods: In this study, placental samples were obtained from 16 uncomplicated third-trimester pregnancies and from 16 cases of PIH. We used light microscopy, electron microscopy to identify apoptosis. Light microscopy was used to quantify their incidence of apoptosis. Electron microscopy was used to confirm the occurrence of apoptosis. Results: Apoptosis has been conclusively demonstrated within human third-trimester placental tissue. Medians and interquartile ranges of normal placenta (n = 16) was 0. 12% (0. 08% -0. 19% ) ; Medians and interquartile ranges of PIH group (n = 16) was 0. 37% (0. 15% -0.49% ). Compared to normal placentas, the incidence of apoptosis was higher in placentas from gestations complicated by PIH ( P < 0. 05 , T'-test). Conclusion: Placental apoptosis increases significantly in PIH, and it may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms     

三氧化二砷与维甲酸联合作用在NB4,MR2细胞系中的体外研究

目的：观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)和全反式维甲酸(ATRA)联合作用对NB4，MR2不同亚型急性早幼粒白血病细胞株，诱导分化、增殖、凋亡的影响。方法:以NB4，MR2为体外模型，利用细胞生长曲线、台盼蓝拒染法、MTT法、NBT、细胞形态Wrigh‘s-Gimesa染色，观察细胞增殖、分化、凋亡的相互作用。结果：NB4细胞株：0．5μmol/L As2O3与10^-6mol/L ATRA对细胞增殖、分化、凋亡呈现拮抗，而0．5μmol/L As2O3与(10^-7--10^-8mol/L)ATRA呈现协同；MR2细胞株：0．5μmol/L As2O3与10^-6mol/L ATRA对细胞增殖、分化、凋亡呈现协同。结论：As2O3与全反式维甲酸协同效应呈现不同细胞、剂量的特异性，MR2细胞株协同效应明显强于NB4细胞株。     

大鼠高胆红素血症与海马神经细胞凋亡关系的实验研究

目的探讨高胆红素血症新生大鼠海马区Fas蛋白、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体的表达、神经细胞凋亡率及其相关性，以进一步阐明胆红素的神经毒性机制。方法通过制作高胆红素血症动物模型，采用免疫组化法、TUNEL法及流式细胞术检测大鼠海马区Fas蛋白、NMDA受体的表达率及神经细胞的凋亡率，并探讨其问相关性。结果高胆红素血症时，海马区神经组织，Fas蛋白、NMDA受体表达率及神经细胞凋亡率明显增高，且与脑组织胆红素浓度呈正相关。结论高胆红素血症时，胆红索可通过NMDA受体过度活化和Fas系统的参与，传递凋亡信号，介导胆红素神经毒性的发生，导致神经细胞凋亡。     

氨基胍对大鼠脊髓压迫伤后后肢运动功能的影响

目的观察诱导型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂-氨基胍(AG)对大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能的影响。方法大鼠脊髓压迫伤后给予AG进行治疗,24 h后用分光光度法测定脊髓组织中一氧化氮(NO)含量和NOS活性;72 h后用流式细胞仪检测神经细胞凋亡情况;4周后用电生理和动物行为学等指标评价运动功能的恢复情况。以正常大鼠和损伤未治大鼠为对照。结果AG可以抑制组织中的NO含量和NOS活性,同时降低神经细胞的凋亡比率,提高动物后肢运动功能评分,恢复运动诱发电位的振幅和潜伏期,与对照及损伤未治大鼠相比均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论脊髓损伤后应用NOS抑制剂可以使伤后运动功能得到改善,提示iNOS活性变化可能对脊髓损伤的恢复更具决定作用,其作用机制与抑制伤后细胞凋亡有关。     

大小剂量纳洛酮对严重颅脑损伤后细胞凋亡抑制作用的实验研究

目的观察纳洛酮对脑外伤的抗凋亡作用,比较大小剂量纳洛酮对实验性脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡的影响.方法选用家兔77只,随机分成正常组、对照组、大剂量组和小剂量组,分别予非颅脑损伤、颅脑损伤、颅脑损伤后大剂量纳洛酮腹腔注射及颅脑损伤后小剂量纳洛酮腹腔注射处理,15天后均断头处死,于致伤处和对侧处分别取材,利用TUNEL法制作切片,观察及比较各组神经细胞凋亡数量.结果致伤处或对侧处,正常组、大剂量组、小剂量组和对照组神经细胞凋亡数量两两之间比较均有显著差异,值从小到大为:正常组、大剂量组、小剂量组、对照组.结论纳洛酮具有抑制严重颅脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡的作用;大剂量纳洛酮应用可以较显著抑制严重颅脑损伤后的神经细胞凋亡.     

大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤后细胞凋亡与Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的关系

目的：阐明细胞凋亡与Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达在大鼠肢体缺血及再灌注不同时相中的变化和相互关系。方法：采用大鼠股动脉夹闭模型，阻断股动脉血流5h后进行再灌注。设立缺血组及再灌注组。再灌注组设立1、3、6、12、18、24h6个检测时相，检测肌肉组织中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的变化情况(用免疫组化方法)，观察细胞凋亡现象(用原位末端标记法及电镜方法)。结果：随着再灌注时间的延长(24h内)。凋亡指数(AI)及Bax蛋白表达水平进行性升高，Bcl-2蛋白在短时间内升高，而后逐渐下降，Bcl-2／Bax比值逐渐降低；AI与Bax蛋白表达水平呈显著正相关，与Bcl-2蛋白表达水平呈显著负相关(3～24h)，与Bcl-2／Bax比值呈显著负相关。结论：肢体再灌注损伤的发生有细胞凋亡机制参与，Bcl-2/Bax的比例关系向促进细胞凋亡的方向发展。     

昆明山海棠碱对Jurkat淋巴瘤细胞株的细胞周期和凋亡时相的影响

目的 探讨昆明山海棠(THH)碱对Jurkat T淋巴瘤细胞的细胞毒性、细胞周期和凋亡时相特异性的影响，以了解THH碱诱导细胞凋亡的机制。方法 台盼蓝染色法检测细胞生长和细胞活力；DNA染色法、TUNEL标记结合流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡时相特异性。结果 THH碱能有效抑制Jurkat细胞增殖、细胞活力下降，细胞在增殖周期中被阻滞于G1期。THH碱首先能诱导S、C2／M期细胞凋亡，同时能诱导G1期细胞凋亡。结论 提示THH碱能抑制Jurkat细胞的DNA合成，抑制细胞增增殖，并可显著诱导各期相细胞发生凋亡。     

食管癌组织中癌细胞凋亡和相关基因表达的临床研究

目的　探索食管癌组织中癌细胞凋亡和相关基因p2 1、p5 3、Bcl- 2表达的关系。方法　采用免疫组化法检测 4 0例食管癌手术切除标本中p2 1、p5 3、Bcl- 2的表达及细胞凋亡的变化。结果　 4 0例食管癌组织中p2 1、p5 3和Bcl- 2的阳性表达率分别为 5 2 .5 % (2 1 4 0 )、80 % (32 4 0 )和 6 0 % (2 4 4 0 ) ,癌细胞凋亡指数 (AI)为 (2 0 35±1 30 2 ) % ,p2 1阳性表达时凋亡指数高于其阴性表达 ,p5 3阳性表达时凋亡指数低于其阴性表达。结论　p2 1和p5 3的阳性表达与癌细胞凋亡有密切关系 ,检测p2 1和p5 3的表达水平可以协助判断食管癌的分化程度及预后     

Detection of Apoptosis in Peripheral Blood Cells of 31 Subjects Affected by Down Syndrome Before and After Zinc Therapy

Thirty-one patients affected by Down syndrome (DS) were investigated to study the presence of apoptosis in peripheral blood cells in relation to the plasma levels of zinc. Twelve patients had undergone therapy with ZnSO₄, while the remaining 19 were untreated. The presence of programmed cell death was evaluated by means of electron microscopy, in situ nick translation (NT), and agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA. These approaches evidenced the presence of apoptosis in peripheral blood cells of patients before therapy with ZnSO₄, while after zinc supplementation there was a reduction in the number of apoptotic cells. These results suggest that the process of programmed cell death in peripheral blood cells of patients with Down syndrome is related to the plasma levels of zinc ion.     

Relationship between apoptosis and proliferation in secondary tumors of the brain

A correlation between apoptosis and proliferation in astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, but not in glioblastomas, has been previously reported. An index for apoptosis and proliferation was established for each tumor in a series of 20 brain metastases, and its correlation was studied using the Spearman rank correlation test. Apoptosis index (AI) ranged between 1 and 78% (mean ± SD: 11.48 ± 16.4). Proliferation index (PI) ranged between 2.4 and 21% (mean ± SD: 8.23 ± 4.8). When the relationship between AI and PI was studied, a clear correlation was found (r: 0.8965, 95% CI: 0.74–0.95; P < 0.0001). Therefore, it is concluded that a clear correlation exists between proliferation and apoptosis in secondary tumors of the brain.