99mTc-NOET和99mTc-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像在冠状动脉性心脏病诊疗和预后中的价值

目的评价99mTc—NOET静息门控断层心肌灌注显像（GSPECT）对冠状动脉性心脏病（CAD）的诊断价值和对经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）及支架置入术后疗效的临床价值。方法首先,对70例疑似CAD的受检者行99mTc—NOET（NOET组1）或99mTc—MIBI（MIBI组1）静息GSPECT,并于1周内行冠状动脉造影;然后,对确诊的53例CAD患者PTCA及支架置入术前、术后1、3、6个月分别行NOET（NOET组2）或MIBI（MIBI组2）静息GSPECT。结果NOET组1和MIBI组1诊断CAD的灵敏度、特异性差异无统计学意义。NOET组2和MIBI组2比较：①NOET组2PTCA术后1、3、6个月心肌血流改善分别为59．29％、64．60％和66．37％,MIBI组2为20．35％、55．10％和61．22％;②PTCA术前、术后两组间心功能参数、临床事件的发生率之间差异无统计学意义。结论同99mTc—MIBI比较,99mTc—NOET对CAD的诊断、PTCA术后疗效的判定及观察临床事件发生率均有较大临床应用价值。     

完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术30例临床应用分析

目的探讨完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及应用前景。方法总结分析2009年5至9月中国医科大学附属盛京医院第一微创外科、胆道外科施行的30例完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术方法及临床效果。结果30例手术均获成功,无一例中转传统腹腔镜或开腹胆囊切除术,手术时间为20～60min,平均32.2min。术后无出血、胆汁漏等并发症发生,患者恢复良好,对治疗及美容效果满意。结论完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术在技术上是安全可行的,但较传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术而言其操作难度增加,近远期临床疗效和手术风险需要进一步的临床随机对照研究来证实。     

Subintimal placement of covered stent versus subintimal balloon angioplasty in the treatment of long-segment superficial femoral artery occlusion

Background

Subintimal endovascular intervention has been used widely in the treatment of symptomatic superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion. The relative effectiveness of subintimal placement of a covered stent (CS) versus balloon-only subintimal angioplasty (SIA) remains uncertain.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with symptomatic SFA occlusions (>15 cm) who underwent subintimal endovascular intervention, either CS or SIA, in a single institution. Primary patency was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included complication rates, freedom from re-intervention, and limb salvage rates. Patency was ascertained with followup duplex or clinically.

Results

We evaluated 57 patients in the SIA group and 31 patients in the CS group. At 1 year the SFA primary patency for the SIA and CS groups was 28% versus 75% (P < .001), whereas the primary assisted patency was 37% versus 84% (P < .001), respectively. Need for bypass was 13% versus 0% (P = .05) in the SIA and CS groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Placement of a covered stent improves patency after subintimal intervention for long SFA occlusion.     

小剂量溶栓结合PTA和支架治疗外周动脉慢性阻塞性病变

本文报告５例６支动脉阻塞经导管使用微量泵持续灌注尿激酶（５６，０００单位／小时）溶栓治疗，灌注时间５．５￣５８（平均２６）小时。阻塞位于髂外动脉２例，其中１例伴同侧股动脉阻塞；髂总和髂外动脉联合受累１例，Ｇｕｏ动脉１例；股Ｇｕｏ动脉１例。病程１￣２４（平均９．４）个月，阻塞长度８￣２５ｃｍ（平均１５．３ｃｍ），开通率达１００％。对溶栓后残存狭窄实施ＰＴＡ３例、血管内放置支架１例；随访２￣９（平均５     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of proximal subclavian artery occlusions

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is a well-established treatment for patients with subclavian artery stenosis and brachial or cerebral symptoms. Its efficacy for treatment of subclavian occlusions, however, is not yet established. We attempted to recanalize the subclavian artery in 46 patients with proximal subclavian artery occlusion and were successful in 38 (83%). In two patients, residual stenosis, and in five patients, thrombotic material on the arterial wall required subsequent implantation of a self-expandable stent. Two additional patients were left with residual stenoses because stents were not available at that time. There were no cerebral or brachial complications. During a mean follow-up of 33 months, occlusion recurred in one patient after 3 months and stenosis recurred in five.     

Comparison of nonneurological events in high-risk patients treated by carotid angioplasty versus endarterectomy

OBJECTIVE: To compare results of carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in high cardiac risk patients. METHODS: Patients ineligible for carotid revascularization by North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial/Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study criteria were treated with CAS (n = 11) or CEA (n = 10). RESULTS: Significant numbers had cardiac (CAS 72%, CEA 60%; P = 0.66) and hypertensive (CAS 82%, CEA 80%; P = 0.64) risk factors. Adverse hemodynamic events were more frequent in the CAS group (CAS 73%, CEA 20%; P = 0.03). Major complications were noted in 1 patient in each group (CAS, myocardial infarction; CEA, death). Postoperative stay was similar (CAS 2.1 +/- 1.4, CEA 1.8 +/- 1.1 days; P = 0.60). However, 4 in the CAS group were readmitted within 1 month (congestive heart failure 2, myocardial infarction 1, rest pain 1), compared with no new events in the CEA group (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the use of CAS in patients with cardiac risk factors may not be justifiable.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia: mid-term results.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mid-term imaging, clinical follow-up, and restenosis rates from patients that had undergone percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty (PTRA) for symptomatic renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 1999 and July 2006, 16 consecutive renal artery FMD patients underwent PTRA for poorly controlled hypertension. The patients were enrolled into this retrospective study after receiving 19 primary and four secondary PTRAs in 19 renal artery segments. Follow-up monitoring of blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, and the serum creatinine level after PTRA were assessed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, and each following year. The degree of restenosis was evaluated with computed tomographic angiography (CTA) after PTRA at 6, 12 months, and every year if possible. Technical and clinical success rates for the treatment of FMD, and restenosis rates for the renal artery were evaluated. RESULTS: The technical success rate for primary PTRA was 79% (15/19) and the complication rate was 16% (3/19). Hypertension improved in 80% (12/15) of the patients after four weeks follow-up, and was finally cured or improved in 93% (14/15) during the mean follow-up period of 23.6 months. There was a cumulative 22% (4/18) restenosis rate during the follow-up period. All of the patients were treated with a second PTRA without complications and all of the patients were cured of hypertension after the second PTRA. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty for clinically symptomatic renal FMD is technically and clinically successful and safe to perform. For all patients with restenosis, there was a good response after undergoing a second PTRA.     

血管内支架成型术治疗颈动脉狭窄21例

目的探讨血管内支架成型术治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床效果和安全性。方法对21例颈动脉狭窄患者,先行血管造影,然后根据血管狭窄情况,选择合适自膨式支架跨过狭窄部位,将支架送至预想的位置释放,覆盖狭窄部位。结果治疗狭窄动脉21支,狭窄程度均明显改善,狭窄程度由原来的(78.94±12.8)%下降至(3.19±3.04)%,无死亡病例,术后患者症状均明显改善,围术期无并发症。随访1~12个月,颈动脉超声检查治疗血管无再狭窄。结论只要适应证选择正确,围术期处理得当,血管内支架成型术治疗颈动脉狭窄,不仅临床效果好,而且安全性高。     

髂-股动脉阻塞性病变的介入治疗及临床疗效随访

目的 探讨动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变的介入治疗和临床疗效. 资料与方法 52例动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变患者行血管腔内成形术(PTA)/支架置入术,对其临床症状(按Fontaine分型和踝/肱指数)的变化进行随访. 结果 52例共计112支病变血管,74支进行PTA及支架置入术,24支仅行PTA,14支未行处理,共置入87枚支架,支架均成功置入于髂/股动脉内,技术成功率为100%.临床随访1～24月,Fontaine分型提高1、2和3级的例数分别是21、22和2例,5例无变化,1例下降1级(1例因1周后行膝下截肢术,不计入临床症状的随访);踝/肱指数术前为0.57±0.14,术后1、6、12和24个月分别为0.91±0.21、0.90±0.04、0.87±0.08和0.86±0.16,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 介入治疗动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,其近期临床疗效确切.     

经皮经肝肝静脉成形术治疗肝静脉阻塞型Budd-Chiari综合征

目的探讨和评价经皮肝穿刺入路肝静脉腔内成形(percutaneous transhepatic recanalization and angioplasty of hepatic vein,PTRAHV)治疗肝静脉型Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)的可行性和中远期疗效。方法自1996年9月至2006年10月收治单纯肝静脉阻塞型及肝静脉阻塞伴有下腔静脉阻塞型BCS患者101例,在PTRAHV前后经导管测定患者肝静脉压力,观察围手术期并发症,并分别于术前、术后6个月彩超测量门静脉内径、平均流速和血流方向等,计算对比血流量,随访观察受干预血管的通畅率。结果技术成功率91.1%(92/101)。术中急性肝静脉血栓形成3例,术后发生肝穿刺道出血2例,肝包膜下血肿1例,肺栓塞1例,均经保守治疗痊愈,未发生致死性并发症。随访74例,术后6个月门静脉平均流速和血流量参数均高于术前(P<0.05);术后6个月、1年和2年的受干预血管的初始再通率分别为83.8%(62/74)、78.4%(58/74)和76.5%(39/51),其辅助再通率分别为94.6%(70/74)、91.9%(68/74)和84.3%(43/51)。结论采用PTRAHV技术治疗膜性或节段性肝静脉型BCS操作简单、安全、有效,其中远期效果令人满意。