冠状动脉造影术535例的安全性及综合文献资料分析

用Judkins法行选择性冠状动脉造影术（CAG），记录术中、术后出现的各种并发症。主要并发症定义为死亡、急性心肌梗死、急性心力衰竭、严重心律失常及血管并发症等。检索国内1999年以前有关CAG并发症方面的主要文献，综合分析其并发症发生率。535例患者心室颤动发生率0．37％（2／535），严重缓慢性心律失常发生率1．31％（7／535），血管并发症发生率1．31％（7／535），无死亡、急性心肌梗死、急性心力衰竭及动脉栓塞、夹层等严重并发症。主要并发症发生率2．99％（16／535），与文献资料3．01％（141／4679）比较差异无显著性。说明冠状动脉造影术有出现严重并发症可能，但通过有效防治其安全性临床是可以接受的。     

Decrease in heart ventricular ejection fraction during multiple sclerosis

Recent studies have shown that mitoxantrone is effective in patients with active multiple sclerosis (MS) and that cardiac monitoring is usually required. However, right and left ventricular ejection fractions (VEFs) have never been studied in MS patients as compared with control subjects. Radionuclide angiocardiography (RA) was performed to assess right and left VEFs at rest in 40 consecutive patients with active definite MS [15 men and 25 women; mean age 33.9 +/- 10 years; mean disease duration 8 +/- 6.5 years; 18 had relapsing-remitting and 22 had secondary progressive forms of the disease; mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 4.8 +/- 1.9]. The control group consisted of 40 subjects free of neurological or cardiovascular disease (17 men and 23 women; 44.6 +/- 13.4 years of age). The VEF values obtained in the control group defined the normal limits (right VEF 32-54%; left VEF 50-74%). A statistically significant decrease of right (P=0.02) and left (P < 0.0001) VEFs was found in MS patients as compared with control subjects. RA showed pathological results for right (7.5%), left (10%) and both (7.5%) VEFs in 25% of MS patients. No correlation was found between VEF and sex, age, disease duration, disease course, EDSS score or previous treatment. Autonomic impairment, which frequently occurs in MS patients, may have accounted for the decrease in VEFs. Further physiological studies are required to determine factor responsible for the decrease of VEFs in MS.     

Early ambulation following diagnostic 7-french cardiac catheterization: A prospective randomized trial

There is a paucity of randomized studies concerning transfemoral cardiac catheterization and its complications, in particular that of 7F catheterization. Accordingly, we conducted a prospective, randomized trial comparing early ambulation (group A) 6 hr after diagnostic 7F cardiac catheterization versus late ambulation (group B) the following morning. A total of 273 patients were randomized in the study; 142 in group A and 131 in group B (NS). Except for a difference in the indications for catheterization, the baseline and procedure-related parameters were similar between the 2 groups. Early hematoma (formed within 6 hr) developed in 6 (4%) and 7 (5%) patients in groups A and B, respectively (NS). Similarly, there was no difference in the incidence of late hematoma formation (2% in each group). All hematomas detected were small and required no surgical intervention or extension of hospital stay. Our data showed that early ambulation following 7F left heart catheterization is feasible and safe. The access site complication rate is acceptably low and minor in nature.     

超声心肌声学造影评价冠状动脉狭窄程度对心肌灌注的影响

目的经冠状动脉超声心肌声学造影(MCE)检测基础状态下不同狭窄程度冠状动脉所供应心肌组织灌注状况。方法30例患者行选择性冠状动脉造影,按有无冠状动脉病变及病变血管狭窄程度,将所涉及的共93个心肌节段分为对照组(18个)和病变组(75个),其中病变组又分为轻度狭窄组(12个)、中度狭窄组(28个)、重度狭窄组(35个);超声声学造影剂由冠状动脉直接注入,完成MCE。对心肌灌注进行定性分析,并由心肌灌注时间强度曲线进行定量分析。结果112个心肌节段中有93个(83.0%)获得较满意图像,经视觉判断,病变组共75个心肌节段中,正常灌注的为58个(77.3%),低灌注为17个(22.7%),其中,轻度狭窄组均为正常心肌灌注。定量分析显示,重度狭窄组反映心肌灌注的3个参数值与对照组均存在明显差异(P<0.05);而轻、中度狭窄组各参数值与对照组无明显差异。结论基础状态下,狭窄程度>90%的冠状动脉病变,其心肌组织灌注水平较正常偏低;而当血管狭窄程度≤90%时,心肌灌注水平与正常相似。     

Determination of cardiac ejection and valvular regurgitant fraction by on-line digital densitometry — methodology, validation, and application

Videodensitometry allows to obtain both left and right ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and aortic or pulmonary regurgitant fraction (RGF) from the wash-out curve of contrast medium. We developed this technique to digital densitometry and integrated it in the standard digital image acquisition system Digitron using Siemens user's library. Sources of error like scatter radiation, veiling glare, accumulation of iodine in tissue, and inhomogeneous contrast mixing were considered by using ECG gated image subtraction, background reference regions, data fit to ideal wash-out curves and calculation of EF and RGF exclusively from density differences. The method was validated by phantom studies in which simulated angiocardiograms were generated with given values of EF (50 to 70%) and RGF (0 to 45%). The results tended to overestimate RGF by up to 10 percent points, when image contrast was high and the ventricle was masked poorly by the lead shutters. In the clinical setting, the reliability of the results can be judged from the fit of the wash-out curve presented automatically on the screen on a semi-logarithmic scale. The technique is available to the physician in the catheterization laboratory on-line during or immediately after the examination, which facilitates routine use.     

Thromboembolism Associated with Pigtail Catheters

Three incidents of asymptomatic arterial thromboembolism associated with polyurethane pigtail catheters occurred during 1,417 cases of left ventricular angiocardiography. No similar incident occurred with polyethylene pigtail or (dacron) Eppendorf and Gensini (style) catheters. In vitro comparison of hydraulic characteristics of polyurethane (Cordis) and polyethylene (Cook) pigtail catheters showed higher flow-pressure transmission through the tip of the Cordis polyurethane catheter favoring dislodgment of any existing clot. The problem of thrombogencity of polyethylene compared with polyurethane remains unsettled. Our experience with polyurethane pigtail catheters has resulted in limitation of their use in our laboratory.     

三种无创性检查方法诊断冠心病的评价

作者以冠状动脉造影（ＣＡＧ）检查为金标准，１２７例病人以冠心病收入院，行ＣＡＧ检查，并行心电图（ＥＣＧ）、心脏Ｂ超和心肌灌注断层显像等无创伤检查，对其诊断效能进行评价。结果显示:ＥＣＧ，心脏Ｂ超和心肌灌注断层显像的敏感度分别为６０．３％、７０．９％和９０．５％，特异度分别为５４．７％、６２．３％和２１．４％；准确度分别为５７．５％、６６．７％和６２．９％。ＥＣＧ和心脏Ｂ超联合试验可使敏感度提高到７８．２％，特异度提高到８３．０％。心肌灌注显像的特异度较低，但对ＣＡＧ不能检出冠状动脉的微血管病变而心肌灌注显像对此类病人的敏感度却较高。心脏Ｂ超检出的舒张期功能障碍特别是同时合并节段性室壁运动异常对冠心病的诊断具有重要意义。     

体表心电图对急性前壁心肌梗死左主干病变的预测价值

目的 探讨急性前壁心肌梗死患者的体表心电图对左主干病变的预测价值.方法 对112例急性前壁心肌梗死患者的体表心电图(ECG)和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性对比分析,其中左主干病变24例(LM组),左前降支病变88例(LAD组).结果 LM组STavR及STv6导联抬高幅度显著高于LAD组,分别为(1.21±0.49)mV vs(0.28±0.38)mV(P＜0.01);(1.10±0.54)mV vs(0.60±0.83)mV(P ＜0.01).LM组STv1导联抬高幅度显著小于LAD组,(0.79±0.44) mV vs(1.49±1.04) mV(P＜0.01).LM组STaVR抬高、STavR抬高≥STv1抬高、STv6抬高≥STv1抬高的出现率显著高于LAD组,83.3％ vs 50.0％(P ＜0.01);83.3％ vs 3.4％(P＜0.01);79.2％ vs25.0％(P＜0.01),而STv1抬高的出现率显著低于LAD组,62.5％ vs 90.9％(P＜0.01).STavR抬高、STavR抬高≥STv1抬高、STv6抬高≥STv1预测左主干病变的敏感度分别为83.3％、83.3％、79.2％,特异度分别为50.0％、96.6％、68.2％.结论 急性前壁心肌梗死时,体表ECG对左主干病变有重要的预测价值.     

急性前壁心肌梗死合并完全右束支传导阻滞的冠状动脉造影与临床预后分析

目的 探讨急性前壁心肌梗死(AAMI)合并完全右束支传导阻滞(CRBBB)的冠状动脉病变与临床预后的关系.方法 对450例首次AAMI患者的初始心电图和冠状动脉造影与临床资料进行对比分析.结果 75例(16.7%)合并有CRBBB;合并有CRBBB的患者较无CRBBB的患者年龄偏大(66.0±15.0)岁 vs (59.0±10.0)岁(P<0.01),有梗死前心绞痛症状的较少(25.3% vs 52.0%,P<0.01)、完全前降支闭塞率高(81.3% vs 36.0%,P<0.01)、多支血管病变率高(40.0% vs 26.1%,P<0.01)、30天病死率高(13.3% vs 1.6%,P<0.01).多元回归显示合并有CRBBB(OR 5.91,P<0.01)和多支血管病变(OR 4.36,P<0.01)是30天病死率的独立危险因素.结论 AAMI合并CRBBB冠状动脉病变严重、虽经介入治疗临床预后仍较差.     

胰岛素样生长因子-1与急性冠状动脉综合征

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的关系。方法稳定型心绞痛(SAP)24例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)33例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)26例,其中包括ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)15例,非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)11例。另选冠状动脉造影无狭窄或狭窄小于25%的31例为对照组,用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定其外周静脉血清IGF-1水平,并将非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者血清IGF-1浓度与其相应的心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)危险积分进行直线相关性分析。结果①SAP组、UAP组、STEMI组和NSTEMI组血清IGF-1浓度较对照组、SAP组明显降低,差异有统计学意义,分别为(29.06±8.64)μg/L,(19.02±9.65)μg/L,(14.62±7.08)μg/L,(14.48±6.33)μg/L vs(34.89±7.09)μg/L(P<0.05);对照组和SAP组之间差异无统计学意义,分别为(34.89±7.09)μg/L vs(29.06±8.64)μg/L(P>0.05);UAP组、STEMI组、NSTEMI组之间差异无统计学意义(19.02±9.65)μg/L,(14.62±7.08)μg/L,(14.48±6.33)μg/L(P>0.05);②NSTE-ACS患者血清IGF-1浓度与其相应的TIMI危险积分呈明显负相关(r=-0.688,P<0.05)。结论血清IGF-1浓度可能作为预测急性冠状动脉综合征的参考指标之一。