Functional neuroimaging and clinical features of drug naive patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease and probable RBD

IntroductionThe association between Parkinson Disease (PD) and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) has been related to a specific, malignant clinical phenotype. Definite RBD diagnosis requires video-polysomnography that is often unfeasible. A malignant clinical PD-RBD phenotype could be expected also in PD patients with probable RBD. Aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether a more severe neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging phenotype can be identified in PD patients with probable RBD.MethodsThirty-eight de novo, drug naïve PD patients underwent a first-line clinical assessment and a second-line multimodal assessment, including neuropsychological evaluation, ¹²³I-FP-CIT-SPECT and ¹⁸F-FDG-PET, which were compared between PD patients with (PD + RBD+) and without (PD + RBD-) probable RBD.ResultsOn first-line assessment, PD + RBD + patients had significantly more constipation (p = 0.02) and showed worse olfaction (p = 0.01) compared with PD + RBD-while the two groups were similar as for age, presence of orthostatic hypotension, UPDRS-III and MMSE scores. On second-line assessment, PD + RBD + patients showed a worse neuropsychological test profile, more severe nigro-striatal dopaminergic impairment, mainly at caudate level in the less affected hemisphere (p = 0.004) and impaired brain glucose metabolism, with relative hypometabolism in posterior cortical regions and relative hypermetabolism mainly in anterior regions of the more affected hemisphere (p = 0.015).ConclusionsPD patients with probable RBD are likely to have a more severe neuropsychological and functional brain-imaging phenotype already at the time of diagnosis.     

Temporal control of glucocorticoid neurodynamics and its relevance for brain homeostasis,neuropathology and glucocorticoid-based therapeutics

Glucocorticoids mediate plethora of actions throughout the human body. Within the brain, they modulate aspects of immune system and neuroinflammatory processes, interfere with cellular metabolism and viability, interact with systems of neurotransmission and regulate neural rhythms. The influence of glucocorticoids on memory and emotional behaviour is well known and there is increasing evidence for their involvement in many neuropsychiatric pathologies. These effects, which at times can be in opposing directions, depend not only on the concentration of glucocorticoids but also the duration of their presence, the temporal relationship between their fluctuations, the co-influence of other stimuli, and the overall state of brain activity. Moreover, they are region- and cell type-specific. The molecular basis of such diversity of effects lies on the orchestration of the spatiotemporal interplay between glucocorticoid- and mineralocorticoid receptors, and is achieved through complex dynamics, mainly mediated via the circadian and ultradian pattern of glucocorticoid secretion. More sophisticated methodologies are therefore required to better approach the study of these hormones and improve the effectiveness of glucocorticoid-based therapeutics.     

容量负荷对腹膜透析患者残余肾功能的影响

目的 探讨容量状态及其他因素对腹膜透析患者残余肾功能（residual kidney function,RKF）下降的影响。方法 分析复旦大学附属华山医院腹膜透析中心自2010年6月至2017年8月期间进行腹膜透析（peritoneal dialysis,PD）并且规律随访患者的临床资料,筛除有腹膜炎病史、临床资料不全、中途由外院转入的患者。以患者开始规律PD第3个月的估算 肾小球滤过率（estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR）作为基础值,记录腹膜透析患者在≤36个月间内所有基本临床特征、透析相关变量和主要生化指标。终点事件定义为在开始PD 24个月内的eGFR下降为0。采用单因素及多因素线性回归和Cox回归模型法分析影响PD患者eGFR下降的影响因素。结果 本研究纳入96名患者,基线eGFR为（4.20±3.00） mL·min^-1·1.73 m^-2,单因素和多因素线性回归结果显示体重指数（body mass index,BMI）和时间平均后的终末段脑钠肽前体（NT-proB-type natriuretic peptide,BNP）为共同影响PD患者RKF下降的危险因素。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示BMI、标准化蛋白分解率（normalized protein catabolic rate,nPCR）、平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure,MAP）和时间平均后的BNP为影响PD患者进入终点事件的共同危险因素。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示时间平均后的BNP为影响PD患者进入终点事件的独立影响因素。结论 容量过剩与新开始PD患者RKF下降可能相关。     

圆锥型套筒冠修复体修复治疗对牙周病患者牙龈指数、龈乳头探诊出血指数、牙周探诊深度的影响

目的 探讨圆锥型套筒冠修复体修复治疗对牙周病患者牙龈指数、龈乳头探诊出血指数、牙周探诊深度的影响。方法 选取2017年3月～2019年3月我院收治的牙周病患者60例,随机分为对照组和研究组两组。对照组进行常规治疗,研究组进行圆锥型套筒冠修复体修复治疗。比较两组患者疗效、牙齿松动度(TM)、牙龈指数(GI)、龈乳头探诊出血指数(PBI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)、改良菌斑指数(mPLI)、改良龈沟出血指数(MSBI)、牙龈乳头指数(PIS)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平、口腔健康影响程度评分(OHIP-14)、咀嚼功能、满意率。结果 研究组有效率高于对照组(P0.05);研究组TM、GI、PBI、PD低于对照组(P0.05);研究组mPLI、MSBI、PIS低于对照组(P0.05);研究组IL-8、IL-2水平低于对照组(P0.05);研究组OHIP-14评分低于对照组(P0.05);研究组咀嚼功能高于对照组(P0.05);研究组修复满意率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 牙周病治疗中,圆锥型套筒冠修复体修复疗效显著,应在临床上广泛推广与应用。     

PD1/PD-L1阻断治疗肿瘤的影响因素、疗效预测标志物及联合治疗

最近,程序性死亡之受体1及其配体(PD1/PD-L1)抗体在不同类型肿瘤的临床治疗中取得了较好效果,使部分患者的病情得到了长期控制.然而,多数患者并未从治疗中获益.本文将综述影响PD1/PD-L1阻断治疗的关键因素,评价疗效预测标志物的可靠性,并分析基于PD1/PD-L1阻断治疗的不同联合治疗方案.     

Perceptions of Home Dialysis Training and Experience Among US Nephrology Fellows

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雾化吸入前列腺素E1对家猪单肺通气期间分流及氧合的影响

随着心胸外科的发展、各种微创手术的推广,单肺通气(OLV)得到了广泛的应用。但是OLV时流经无通气肺的血液没有得到氧合回到左心,会造成静脉血掺杂、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)降低。虽然低氧性肺血管收缩效应(HPV)可使非通气肺血流减少并转向通气肺,减少了肺内分流,但仍有约9%~27%的病人可发生显著低氧血症[1]。而且HPV使肺血管阻力(PVR)显著增高,右心后负荷增大,可引发心脏病、低血容量以及肺动脉高压患者心脏功能急剧恶化。因此,寻找既能降低分流改善氧合又能降低PVR、减小心脏负荷的方法对于OLV今后更广泛的应用具有重要意义。由于通…     

Peyronie’s disease may negatively impact the sexual experience of a couple and female sexual function: a single center study

BackgroundPeyonie’s disease (PD) mostly affects males in the fifth decade of life, with a prevalence in the general population ranging between 0.5% and 20.3%. The pathology of PD is characterized by fibrosis of the tunic albuginea of the cavernous bodies of the penis, with the presence of pain in the erection and penile deformity. This is associated with decreased sexual function for both participants. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of PD pathology on both male patients’ and their female partners’ sexual spheres, and analyze changes in sexual function and perception following penile correction surgery.MethodsProspective study, we included male patients with PD and their female partner sexually active. Patients underwent corporoplasty with multiple plications. The male and female sexuality was evaluated before surgery and three months after male treatment by the Female sexual Function Index (FSFI); International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF); Visual Analogical Scale (VAS).ResultsFrom January 2018 to November 2019 we included 35 couple. The female subjects before partner’s surgery presented dyspareunia, loss of sexual desire, inability to achieve orgasm, and sexual dissatisfaction. At three months after surgical treatment there was an improvement of sexual function in both male patients and female partners (desire P<0.0001, arousal P<0.0001, lubrification P<0.0001, orgasm P<0.0001, satisfaction P<0.0001, pain P<0.0001). As regarding male patients the pain decreased significantly (VAS score from 6 to 2.5), while there was no statistically significant improvement in erectile function (P=0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a viable approach to treatment of PD patients that involves their partners could lead to better functional and psychological results.     

Nocturnal penile tumescence activity unchanged after long-term intracavernous injection therapy

PURPOSE: Anecdotal evidence suggests that some men have restored erectile function after long-term intracavernous injection therapy for erectile dysfunction. We objectively assessed this phenomenon using nocturnal penile tumescence testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our retrospective study 19 men with a mean age of 53.5 years who had organic erectile dysfunction underwent nocturnal penile tumescence testing before and after prostaglandin E1 based intracavernous injection at least 6 months in duration. The nocturnal penile tumescence parameters measured included the number of erectile episodes, base and tip tumescence, and percent of time with rigidity greater than 70% at the penile base and tip. A 5-item questionnaire was given to all patients after the intracavernous injection period to assess subjective changes in erectile quality. RESULTS: Mean time on intracavernous injection was 2.42 years and mean injection frequency was 3.74 times monthly. Prostaglandin E1 only, and combined prostaglandin E1, phentolamine and papaverine were used in 7 and 9 cases, respectively. Nine patients believed that unaided erection improved after intracavernous injection and 6 achieved intercourse without injection who were unable to do so before injection. No statistically significant changes were noted in any of the 5 objectively measured nocturnal penile tumescence parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term prostaglandin E1 based intracavernous injection may provide subjective improvement in erectile function in some men. However, as measured by nocturnal penile tumescence testing, no objective improvement in spontaneous erectile function occurs.