Aggressive angiomyxoma of the female pelvis and perineum: a case series

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) was first described in 1983, and fewer than 150 cases have been reported in the world medical literature. These tumors are benign, locally infiltrative mesenchymal neoplasms with a predilection for the female pelvis and perineum and a tendency to recur. The size of AAs at presentation varies considerably; however, these tumors often achieve large dimensions before becoming clinically symptomatic. Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment, but whether clear, tumor-free surgical margins are necessary is controversial. We report a cohort of six patients treated surgically during the past 20 years for primary or recurrent AA. Treatment, surgical margin status, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and outcomes are reviewed.     

颅咽管瘤切除术后水钠代谢紊乱机制研究

目的探讨颅咽管瘤术后水钠代谢紊乱的原因和最佳处理方式。方法对102例经胼胝体切开穹窿间入路切除巨大颅咽管瘤的病人，记录术后尿量、血电解质、抗利尿激素（ADH）、醛固酮（ALD）、皮质醇水平，比较术后激素水平变化与水、钠代谢紊乱的关系。结果本组均出现水、钠代谢紊乱，术后2周完全恢复52例，4周基本恢复33例，6周恢复12例，需长时间人工调整电解质水平5例。术后ADH、ALD和皮质醇的不足是导致术后水钠代谢紊乱的主要原因。结论颅咽管瘤切除术后水、钠代谢紊乱与手术损伤下丘脑有关，紊乱类型与ADH、ALD和醛固酮的缺乏情况有关；及时给予相应激素及对症治疗，可获满意疗效。     

选择性5-HT1A受体拮抗剂WAY-100635抑制帕金森病模型大鼠腹内侧前额叶皮质的神经活动

目的腹内侧前额叶皮质在随意运动的起始和控制、情感以及认知中具有重要作用。然而,黑质-纹状体通路变性后腹内侧前额叶皮质的神经活动和5-HT_(1A)受体的作用仍不清楚。本研究观察了6-羟基多巴胺(6- hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)损毁黑质致密部(substantia nigra pars compacta,SNc)后大鼠腹内侧前额叶皮质神经活动的变化和体循环给予选择性5-HT_(1A)受体拮抗剂WAY-100635后神经元活动的改变。方法采用在体玻璃微电极细胞外记录方法,记录正常大鼠和SNc单侧损毁大鼠的腹内侧前额叶皮质神经元的活动。结果6-OHDA损毁SNc大鼠的腹内侧前额叶皮质神经元放电频率显著增加,放电形式没有明显改变。体循环给予WAY-100635 (0.1 mg/kg,i.v.)不改变正常大鼠腹内侧前额叶皮质神经元的平均放电频率和放电形式,而显著降低了SNc损毁大鼠前额叶皮质神经元的平均放电频率。结论黑质-纹状体通路的变性可导致腹内侧前额叶皮质神经活动增强,5-HT_(1A)受体拮抗剂WAY-100635可以抑制这种活动增强,提示可能存在腹内侧前额叶皮质5-HT_(1A)受体功能失调。     

Acute selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase conditioned fear expression: blockade with a 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist.

BACKGROUND: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) effectively treat various anxiety disorders, although symptoms of anxiety are often exacerbated during early stages of treatment. We previously reported that acute treatment with the SSRI citalopram enhances the acquisition of auditory fear conditioning, which is consistent with the initial anxiogenic effects reported clinically. Here, we extend our findings by assessing the effects of acute SSRI treatment on the expression of previously acquired conditioned fear. METHODS: Rats underwent fear conditioning drug-free. Tone-evoked fear responses were tested after drug treatment the following day. This protocol more closely resembles the clinical setting than pre-conditioning treatment, because it evaluates effects of treatment on a pre-existing fear rather than on the formation of a new fear memory. RESULTS: A single pre-testing injection of the SSRIs citalopram or fluoxetine significantly increased fear expression. There was no effect of the antidepressant tianeptine or the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor tomoxetine, indicating that this effect is specific to SSRIs. The SSRI-induced enhancement in fear expression was not blocked by tropisetron, a 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist, but was blocked by SB 242084, a specific 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced activation of 5-HT(2C) receptors might be a mechanism for the anxiogenic effects of SSRIs observed initially during treatment.     

M_2和β_1受体抗体与慢性肺源性心脏病关系的实验研究

目的用缺氧方法制备的肺源性心脏病(肺心病)大鼠为对象,研究肺心病中M2和β1受体抗体的含量及其与疾病的关系。方法选取健康雄性Wistar大鼠36只,随机分为3组:单纯缺氧组,缺氧加注射FeCl3组,健康对照组。SA-酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测血清M2和β1受体抗体变化。最后处死大鼠观察心脏指标,并分析它与抗体滴度的相关性。结果血清中M2和β1受体抗体随缺氧时间延长而升高,滴度分别到第3周达高峰M2受体抗体为1∶80(单纯缺氧组)和1∶53(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),β1受体抗体为1∶60(单纯缺氧组)和1∶45(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),并且P/N值从第2周开始有阳性意义,到第3周同样达高峰M2和β1受体抗体分别为2.88(单纯缺氧组)、2.76(缺氧加注射FeCl3组)和3.25(单纯缺氧组)、3.99(缺氧加注射FeCl3组)。而肺心病大鼠心脏指标最终改变为R/(L+S)0.333±0.027(单纯缺氧组),0.348±0.033(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),R/BW×10-30.58±0.13(单纯缺氧组),0.60±0.15(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),(L+S)/BW×10-32.000±0.024(单纯缺氧组),2.081±0.037(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),并且抗体滴度与心脏改变呈正相关。结论M2和β1受体抗体阳性率及抗体滴度在大鼠肺心病模型中明显增高,表明肺心病的发生发展与M2和β1受体的自身抗体密切相关。     

The Rise of a New Psychoactive Agent: Salvia divinorum

Since the 1990s, there has been a rise in the availability and recreational use of a herbal plant called Salvia divinorum. Numerous internet websites have advertised it for sale as a legal herbal alternative to illegal hallucinogens. Initial data surveying use has indicated many young adults are obtaining and using this herb for its psychoactive properties. Reported methods of ingestion for the plant include chewing, and smoking leaves or fortified extracts. Subjective effects of the plant include, affect changes, psychedelic-like changes in perception, and even loss of consciousness. Although the pharmacological properties and possible antidepressant effects have been studied in recent years, little information is known about potential negative impact resulting from recreational use, and scant information about Salvia divinorum currently exists in the psychological and substance abuse literature. While Salvia divinorum appears to be a substance with some therapeutic potential, it also poses some significant dangers as a substance of varying legal status with a potential for abuse.     

介导感觉生理功能的瞬时受体电位通道蛋白(TRP)家族研究进展

瞬时受体电位通道蛋白(TRP)家族由一类特殊的阳离子通道蛋白组成,在神经细胞及其他非兴奋细胞中有重要作用,其中在介导多种感觉生理功能方面的作用尤其显著.TRP结构与功能的深入研究为阐明感觉生理功能的分子机制提供了重要线索.本文综述TRP家族在温度感受、机械刺激感受、光感受和化学信号感受等方面的研究进展.     

Influence of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors in the immune response triggered by renal ischemia–reperfusion injury

Bradykinin B1 receptors are exclusively expressed in inflamed tissues. For this reason, they have been related with the outcomes of several pathologies. Ischemia–reperfusion injury is caused by the activation of inflammatory and cytoprotective genes, such as macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 and heme oxygenase-1, respectively. This study was aimed to analyze the involvement of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R and B2R) in tissue response after renal ischemia–reperfusion injury. For that, B1R (B1−/−), B2R (B2−/−) knockout animals and its control (wild-type mice, B1B2+/+) were subjected to renal bilateral ischemia, followed by 24, 48 and 120 h of reperfusion. At these time points, blood serum samples were collected for creatinine and urea dosages. Kidneys were harvested for histology and molecular analyses by real-time PCR. At 24 and 48 h of reperfusion, B1−/− group resulted in the lowest serum creatinine and urea levels, indicating less renal damage, which was proved by renal histology. Renal protection associated with B1−/− mice was also related with higher expression of HO-1 and lower expression of MCP-1. In conclusion, the absence of B1R had a protective role against inflammatory responses developed after renal ischemia–reperfusion injury.     

海人酸致大鼠海马结构GABA_B受体亚单位表达的研究

目的:探讨海人酸诱导大鼠颞叶癫(EP)发作后2种γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体亚单位GABABR亚单位1a(GBR1a)和GABABR亚单位2(GBR2)在EP发生、发展中的作用。方法:运用原位杂交及免疫组化法,检测EP发作后GABABR亚单位mRNA及蛋白在海马的表达。结果:致早期CA1和CA3区2种亚单位mRNA表达持续低下后逐渐增加,DG区则暂时性下降后很快回升;而免疫反应早期却未见明显改变,随后CA1和CA3区表达处于低水平,DG区和颞叶皮质表达下降后很快恢复。结论:致后2种GABAB受体亚单位基因和蛋白表达上调为颞叶EP的内源性自我保护机制。