人参木质素量与生长年份关系的研究

目的研究不同生长年份人参中木质素量的变化规律,探讨木质素的量用于判断人参生长年份的可行性。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定人参木质素的量。结果人参不同部位和组织的木质素的量存在明显差异;人参根须部的木质素量与生长年份呈极显著负相关(r=0.986**),可作为判断人参生长年份的指标;根据人参根须部木质素的量估算的人参生长年份与实际生长年份的误差范围小于2.5年。结论紫外分光光度法可快速、准确地测定人参根须的木质素的量,无需破坏人参的外形即可初步估算人参的生长年份,不仅可以作为人参生长年份的鉴定方法,同时也可供中药材年份鉴定借鉴。     

不同树龄银杏叶在不同季节中总黄酮和总内酯的含量变化

目的：确定银杏叶最适宜采收季节。方法：采用HPLC法（二级管阵列检测器DAD和蒸发光散射检测器ELSD）分别测定银杏叶中总黄酮和总内酯的含量。结果：不同树龄,不同季节的银杏叶总黄酮、总内酯含量不同,结论：银杏叶的总黄酮、总内酯以二、三年生的为高,总黄酮在5月份,总内酯在9月份含量为高。     

老年多器官功能障碍综合征患者应用肠内营养的意义

目的探讨对老年多器官功能障碍综合征(mutiple organs dysfunction syndrom,MODS)患者应用肠内营养的效果及意义。方法将40例老年MODS患者随机分成2组:试验组(20例)给予肠内营养; 对照组给予常规治疗。治疗前后监测血糖、血常规、血电解质、肝肾功能、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白;统计医院感染发生率、平均住院天数、28天内死亡发生率。结果治疗后试验组肝肾功能、血糖、血电解质均趋于正常,血清白蛋白、前白蛋白均明显高于对照组(P<0．05)。消化道出血等并发症、医院感染发生率、平均住院天数、28天内死亡发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0．05)。结论老年MODS患者及时应用肠内营养能改善病人的预后,促进康复,减少并发症,降低死亡发生率。     

Multiple sclerosis in North African migrants to France

Among some 7500 respondents with known place of birth who had completed a nationwide questionnaire survey for multiple sclerosis (MS) in France in 1986, there were 260 born in former French North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia). They had migrated to France between 1923 and 1986, but 66% came between 1956 and 1964. Two-thirds were from Algeria, where virtually the entire European population had emigrated in 1962 at the end of the Algerian war for independence. The migrants were younger at prevalence day (mean 43.4 years) and at onset (29.4 years) than the French-born MS (46.6; 31.3 years). Eight migrants lacked age information. The 225 migrants with onset more than 1 year after immigration presumably acquired their MS in France. They provided an age adjusted (US 1960) MS prevalence rate 1.54 times that for all France. If the latter is taken at 50 per 100,000 population their estimated adjusted rate is 76.8 with 95% confidence interval of 67.1 to 87.5. The other 27 with presumed acquisition in North Africa gave an estimated adjusted prevalence of 16.6 per 100,000 (95% CI 10.9-24.1). For those migrants with acquisition in France there was a mean interval of 13 years between immigration or age 11 and clinical onset, with a minimum of 3 years. This series provides further support for the theses: 1) that MS is primarily an environmental disease acquired after childhood; 2) that acquisition requires prolonged or repeated exposure (here 3 years for these medium-to-high MS risk migrants) followed by a prolonged latent or incubation period between acquisition and symptom onset (here 10 years); and 3) that this disease is most likely a widespread but unknown persistent infection which results in clinical MS in only a small proportion of those affected.     

Poor mental and physical health differentially contributes to disability in hospitalized geriatric patients of different ages

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms, cognition and somatic diseases on functional status of geriatric patients at hospital discharge. METHOD: Patients 65+ years consecutively admitted to the acute care geriatric ward of the Internal Medicine Department I, Civil Hospital of Brescia, Italy, from February 1998 to December 2000 (n = 830) were examined. Functional disability was defined as need of physical assistance in at least one of the basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL). The Greenfield Index of Disease Severity (IDS) and the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity (GIC) were used to measure number and severity of diseases. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assessed cognitive status and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) measured depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Prevalence of functional disability at discharge was 29.3% in the younger age group (65-74 years) and 55.2% in the older age group (75+ years). Using logistic regression models, older age, poorer cognitive status, and depressive symptoms were independently associated with functional disability in the younger and older age group, respectively. Additionally cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms showed an additive association with disability, especially in younger patients, while comorbidity was correlated with functional status only in the oldest old, in particular among those who were cognitively impaired. CONCLUSION: Functional disability after acute hospitalization is highly prevalent in geriatric patients. Depressive symptoms, comorbidity, and cognitive impairment often coexist, interact and are differentially associated with function depending on age. Considering that depressive symptoms are a modifiable problem, their detection in hospital settings may help clinicians in targeting subjects at high risk of functional disability.     

低龄低位伸直型髁上骨折的经皮穿针加矫形托外固定治疗

目的探讨关节内低龄低位伸直型髁上骨折经皮穿针加矫形托外固定治疗效果。方法总结本组23例此种特殊类型低位髁上骨折,描述经皮克氏针加矫形托外固定治疗特殊类型低龄低位伸直型髁上骨折复位、进针方法以及外固定的方法。结果本组23例病例随访3个月至1年,骨折全部愈合,平均临床愈合时间3周,无并发症。结论经皮穿针加矫形托外固定治疗关节内低龄低位伸直型髁上骨折具有创伤小、固定可靠、减少手法及切开手术对局部骨骺、Ranvier区损伤机率,减轻肱骨内外侧骨骺的不平衡发育,减少肘内翻畸形发生的优点。     

不同年龄白内障患者人工晶状体植入术与全身病关系

目的：了解不同年龄白内障患者人工晶状体植入术与全身病关系。方法：将127例中老年手术患者分为中年组、低龄老人组、中龄老人组及高龄老人组，分别统计高血压病、心脏病、糖尿病及呼吸系统疾病在不同年龄组的患病率。结果：127例患者中，伴有高血压病的患病率最高，为40．94％。随着年龄的增加，各组中无全身病的比例逐渐下降，经x^2检验，P＜0．005，具有统计学意义。结论：对伴有全身病的老年手术患者，只有严格检查治疗全身病，就可大大提高手术安全性。     

已婚育龄妇女宫颈癌术后性生活质量的调查分析

目的了解育龄妇女宫颈癌术后性生活的情况，为制订相应的护理措施提供依据。方法通过调查问卷方式进行逐一面对面调查，对加例育龄期宫颈癌患者，进行手术前、手术后4个月的性生活频率、性生活满意度的调查，比较分析宫颈癌患者手术前后性生活质量的差别。结果宫颈癌患者术后的性生活频率及性生活满意度明显降低（P〈0．05），性生活质量明显低于手术前。结论经济条件、文化背景、性观念及配偶的态度等因素对宫颈癌患者术后的性生活质量均有影响。     

2742例不同年龄段冠脉造影患者冠脉病变特点分析

目的总结分析各年龄段患者冠状动脉造影检查（CAG）各支冠脉血管病变的特征及差异，为临床诊治提供决策。 方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年12月昆明医科大学第五附属医院/红河州滇南中心医院心内科住院且行CAG的患者2742例，按年龄分为青年组（18~40岁）126例，平均年龄（35.10±4.91）岁；中年组（41~65）岁1774例，平均年龄（55.00±6.60）岁；老年组（≥66岁）842例，平均年龄（71.68±4.49岁）。运用自编的"CAG检查Epidata数据库"，收集个人基本信息和冠脉数据，包括：左主干（LM）、右冠状动脉（RCA）、左前降支（LAD）、左回旋支（LCX）及各支血管的病变特征、TIMI血流情况、放置支架及手术情况，并依据美国心脏协会所制定的冠脉狭窄程度评价标准计算Gensini积分。 结果青年组、中年组和老年组患者行CAG检查的构成比分别为4.6%、64.7%、30.7%，其中以中老年人群占比最高为95.4%；3组患者男性比例（84.1%、65.8%、58.7%）、年龄[（35.10±4.91）岁、（55.00±6.60）岁、（71.68±4.49）岁]、LM病变（0.8%、5.4%、12.4%）、RCA病变（38.9%、62.5%、77.7%）、LAD病变（55.6%、81.0%、92.2%）、LCX病变（23.0%、52.5%、71.1%）比较，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；3组患者血管弥漫性病变（4.0%、5.2%、9.3%）、钙化病变（1.6%、8.2%、11.2%）、侧支循环的建立（6.3%、3.0%、15.8%）、急诊手术比例（18.3%、24.5%、20.0%）、需择期PCI术比例（6.3%、13.7%、18.9%）、手术时间[12.0（7.0，28.5）min、15.0（9.0，38.0）min、16.0（10.0，45.5）min]比较，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），而3组RCA、LM/LAD、LCX是否放支架、是否有血栓形成及是否有瘤样扩张比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3组患者3支血管（RCA、LAD、LCX）TIMI血流为3级（RCA：61.1%、86.0%、84.9%，LAD：54.8%、75.2%、82.5%，LCX：75.4%、47.9%、62.6%）、LAD病变TIMI血流为0级（15.1%、7.7%、7.6%）、LCX病变TIMI血流为1级（1.6%、0.3%、1.7%）及2级（15.9%、1.5%、2.0%）比例比较，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3组患者冠脉病变程度Gensini评分[5.0（0，39.8）分、13.0（4.0，35.6）分、22.0（10.0，50.0）分]比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。而RCA病变TIMI血流0级、1级与2级，LAD病变TIMI血流1级与2级，LCX病变TIMI血流0级差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论不同年龄段患者冠脉病变有差异，随着年龄的增长，冠脉病变率增加；不同年龄段LM、RCA、LAD、LCX冠脉病变比例、弥漫病变、钙化病变、侧支循环的建立及冠脉严重程度Gensini积分随着年龄的增长而增加；3支血管以LAD病变比例最高；LCX血管病变以TIMI血流1级、TIMI血流2级的血流缓慢现象差异显著。     

湖北省1989年五岁以下儿童死亡调查分析

本文对湖北省1989年五岁以下儿童死亡情况进行了分析。结果表明：全省五岁以下儿童死亡率为50．52‰，1～4岁儿童死亡率为3．24‰。婴儿死亡率为39．11‰，新生儿死亡率为24．22‰。5岁以下各年龄组死亡率均为农村高于城市，农村中山区最高，丘陵其次，平原最低。文章同时分析了全省五岁以下儿童和婴儿前10位主要死亡原因以及主要影响因素。