The impact of a Housing First intervention and health-related risk factors on incarceration among people with experiences of homelessness and mental illness in Canada

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of a Housing First (HF) intervention and health-related risk factors on incarceration among adults with experiences of homelessness and mental illness.MethodsParticipants (N = 508) were recruited at the Toronto site of the At Home/Chez Soi study. The outcome was incarceration in Ontario from 2009 to 2014. Exposures were intervention group (HF vs. treatment as usual), Axis I mental health diagnoses, emergency department (ED) visit, and history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between exposures and incarceration.ResultsOf 508 participants, 220 (43.3%) were incarcerated at least once during the study period. Among those incarcerated, 81.9% were male, 52.7% had been diagnosed with alcohol dependence/abuse, 60.9% had been diagnosed with substance dependence/abuse, 65.1% reported having visited an ED within the last 6 months, and 66.4% had a history of TBI. After adjusting for demographic covariates, substance dependence/abuse (aOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.03), alcohol dependence/abuse (aOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.22), ED visit (aOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.32), and history of TBI (aOR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.75, 3.85) were associated with incarceration. We found no significant effect of the HF intervention on incarceration outcome (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.55).ConclusionsAmong adults with experiences of homelessness and severe mental illness, those with substance and alcohol dependence/abuse disorders, history of TBI, and recent ED visits were at increased odds of incarceration. Strategies are needed to prevent and reduce incarceration for this population, including treatment of mental illness in the community.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.17269/s41997-020-00433-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉的临床研究

为观察异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉在老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)围麻醉期呼吸循环功能的变化 ,以评价其实用性和安全性 ,将 30例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者 ,择期行LC手术 ,以微量泵持续静注异丙酚维持麻醉 (剂量递减法 10～ 8～ 6mg/kg·h-1) ,控制呼吸频率 16～ 2 5 /min ,人工气腹后保持轻度过度通气状态 ,连续监测呼吸循环功能各参数的变化。结果显示 :本组异丙酚平均总用量为 5 6 0± 12 8mg( 8.0 5± 2 .16mg/kg·h-1) ,麻醉诱导后SBP、DBP、MAP一过性降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,于插管后迅速恢复 ;CO2 气腹后PETCO2 开始上升并于 15min后达最高值但在正常范围 ,86 .6 7%的病例于拔管后 5～ 10min麻醉苏醒并能简单答话。认为异丙酚全凭静脉维持麻醉用于老年人LC并于气腹期轻度过度通气能维持呼吸循环功能的相对稳定 ,且苏醒快 ,术后恢复良好 ,具有实用性和安全性     

老年人PBMV术的特点与对策

分析 5 2例PBMV术中 2 2例老年患者的手术情况 ,探讨老年人PBMV术的特点及其对策。手术结果表明 :老年组术后出现二尖瓣返流机会较非老年组多 ,房颤转窦性心律及心功能改善非老年组较老年组明显。说明与老年患者的病程长 ,瓣膜损害程度重 ,血流动力学及心功能障碍显著有关。提示在老年患者中开展PBMV更应掌握适应证 ,做好充分的术前准备。     

基层医院如何开展临床药学工作

临床药学是现代药学的重要组成部分,临床药学工作在各级医院开展极不平衡,特别是基层医院开展较差。本文论述了在基层医院应从人才的选择入手开展临床药学工作。     

钟祥地区80岁以上高龄老人社会心理调查分析

为探讨中国农村高龄老人社会心理状态及影响因素,以便改善高龄老人的社会、家庭、医疗服务,提高老年人生活质量,在湖北钟祥地区随机抽取４个乡镇高龄老人１３６名,按研究目的设计社会心理调查问卷表,逐个进行调查访问。结果：摸清了钟祥地区人口老龄化的基本情况,农村高龄老人的社会心理特征。结论：高龄老人的社会心理状态是反映其生活质量的重要标志,受到诸多因素联合作用的影响。     

中药复方962对老龄大鼠皮质胆碱乙酰转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响

为研究中药复方 962胶囊对老龄大鼠皮质胆碱乙酰转移酶 (ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AchE)活性的影响 ,将2 2月龄和 2 4月龄Wistar大鼠分为青年对照组、老年模型组、阳性对照脑复康组 ( 0 .56g/kg)、962中剂量组 ( 0 .9g/kg)和 962大剂量组 ( 1 .8g/kg) 5组 ,分别灌胃给药 1～ 2个月后处死大鼠。用Fonnun法和羟胺比色法分别测定 5组大鼠皮质的ChAT和AchE的活性。结果 :中药复方 962大剂量 ( 1 .8g/kg)对老龄大鼠皮质ChAT活性有提高作用 (P <0 .0 5) ,但对AchE无显著影响。提示 :中药复方 962可能通过影响老龄大鼠中枢胆碱能神经系统而改善其衰老的变化     

老年人溃疡病穿孔外科治疗体会

目的 探讨老年人溃疡病穿孔的临床特点和外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析３６例老年人溃疡病穿孔的临床特点和外科治疗方法。结果 老年患得全身并存病多,重要在脏器功能及代偿功能随年龄增长而衰退。当发生溃疡病穿孔时,病情重而反应低下,临床症状并不典型,休克发生率高。结论 老年人溃疡病穿孔一经确诊,只要病情允许,应根据手术探查所见,采取不同的术式。     

老年高血压患者心率变异性的临床分析

目的 观察年龄和血压对心率变异性的影响。方法 测定１１４例高血压患者的心率变异指数（ＨＲＶＩ）,其中５９例为老年高血压患者。并与１３１例正常人的ＨＲＶＩ进行对比。结果 正常老年组ＨＲＶＩ较正常中青年组的ＨＲＶＩ低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,老年高血压组ＨＲＶＩ较正常老年人ＨＲＶＩ低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,较中青年高矮一的ＨＲＶＩ低（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 随年龄增大,心率变异性减低,老年高血压患者心率变异性减低明显     

行为干预及生物反馈治疗对老年高血压患者降压疗效的影响

目的 研究应用行为干预治疗及生物反馈治疗对老年高血压患者降压药物的影响。方法 在应用降压药物的基础上,增加行为干预及生物馈治疗,观察综合性行为干预措施对降压疗效的影响。结果 增加行为干预及生物反馈治疗后,降压和情绪障碍矫正的效果比单用药物明显改善。结论 老年高血压患者给予综合性行为干预措施可增加降压药物的疗效。