高龄人群口腔卫生保健情况调查

目的：了解高龄老人口腔卫生保健状况.方法：对80岁以上老年人口腔卫生知识问卷调查.结果：具有口腔健康行为的人群,其口腔健康状况良好.结论：加强口腔卫生保健知识教育,养成良好口腔行为习惯,对促进老年人口腔健康很重要.     

A longitudinal study of age-associated memory impairment

An 8-year longitudinal study of elderly people has provided data concerning age-associated impairment (AAMI). In 1985 a random sample of 146 persons aged 65 years or more, living in their own homes, were assessed using the Guild Memory Test the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and other ratings. After excluding 21% of the sample because they scored less than 24 on the MMSE, and another 34% who fulfilled other exclusion criteria, some 48% of the remainder (22% of the total sample) clearly fulfilled NIMH criteria for AAMI and a further 36% (16% of the total sample) were recorded as forgetful. The NIMH criteria are appropriate for certain research purposes but not in assessing prevalence of memory disorders. Follow–up interviews were conducted after 2, 4, 6 and 8 years. The mortality rate and development of dementia among those fulfilling criteria for AAMI appeared similar to the other non-demented groups of subjects; the mortality rate of those with MMSE scores below 24 was significantly higher. Guild test results at 2-yearly intervals showed considerable changes; half of those scoring least well who were retested showed improvement.     

Simple screening test for risk of falls in the elderly

Background:   The aim of this study is to construct a simple screening test for the risk of falls in community-dwelling elder persons.
Methods:   A total of 1378 community-dwelling people aged 65 years and older in five different communities in Japan were asked to answer a self rated questionnaire including 22 items covering physical, cognitive, emotional and social aspects of functioning and environmental factors. At a six-month follow-up, the outcome of fall occurrence and the number of falls was ascertained by social workers, health visitors or nurses.
Results:   Five out of 22 items were selected using a logistic regression model. Using this five-item version, a screening test was constructed, and at the best cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity were 68% and 70%, respectively. The validity of this scale was tested on persons with cognitive dysfunction.
Conclusion:   The simplicity and the predictive validity of the screening test support the use of this test in health check ups or general outpatient facilities.     

覆醛氧化淀粉联合硝苯啶治疗老年慢性肾功能衰竭264例

对老年慢性肾功能衰竭264例患者(男148例,女116例;年龄66±7a)用硝苯啶10mg联合覆醛氧化淀粉5-10mg,tid,po。另设相似88例患者(男48例,女40例;年龄66±7a)单服覆醛氧化淀粉与之对照,用法同前。2组均连服16wk。结果:前者有效216例(81.8％),后者有效49例(56％),组间比较P<0.01。2组副作用相似,均可坚持服药。     

The social sciences and successful aging: Issues for Asia–Oceania

Aim:   This paper presents social science understandings of successful aging for a broad audience in multidisciplinary gerontology in Asia–Oceania.
Methods:   The international literature on social science aspects of successful aging is reviewed with a focus on Asia and social improvement.
Results:   New positive approaches to aging research are identifying opportunities for maintaining capacities and well-being over the life course. Successful aging, productive aging, and active aging are key concepts. Increasing life expectancy and fertility control are major social achievements that underpin population aging as the mainstream social transformation facing the world. Asia will be at the forefront of this change and the consequences will vary greatly between cultures, nations, and subgroups within them. Older people generally maintain good quality of life and the capacity to 'age well' is influenced by life-long maturation and emotional, social, and economic resources. Good health can be enhanced through positive actions such as physical activity, good nutrition, and not smoking. Mental capacities can also be improved and maintained throughout old age. In advanced old age, the 'fourth age', the focus turns to ameliorating the effects of loss and to maintaining dignity.
Conclusions:   The social sciences contribute knowledge useful for improving life experiences for older people and aging societies. Population aging is central to national economic development. Public policy and individual action concerning aging can benefit all age groups. To better inform these developments it is important to address the serious shortfall of social science research on aging in the Asia–Oceania region.     

Age estimation in biopsy specimens of dentin

Determination of age at death on the basis of aspartic acid racemization in dentin is one of the most reproducible and accurate methods. In Germany, age estimation by this method has so far generally not been applied to living persons, since the extraction of a tooth exclusively for age estimation when it is not medically indicated is regarded as ethically and legally problematic. The development of a biopsy technique applicable to dentin took place against this background. Testing the technique and analysis of dentinal biopsy specimens revealed that the biopsy technique is a low-risk procedure that causes only minor discomfort to the affected person. It is readily practicable and facilitates standardized specimen removal. The relationship between the extent of aspartic acid racemization in dentinal biopsy specimens and age is very close, facilitating age estimation. A prerequisite for accurate results is the performance of biopsies under strictly standardized conditions. If this is guaranteed, age determination on the basis of aspartic acid racemization in dentinal biopsy specimens appears to be superior in precision to most other methods in living persons and can be used for all age groups.     

老年急性心肌梗塞病人PTF_(v1)的分析

本文分析91例60岁以上急性心肌梗塞(AMI)病人的心电图 V_1导联上 P 波的终末电势(PTFv_1)由 V_1导联的负向 P 波深度×宽度求得,单位为 mm·s。正常值≥-0.03mm·s,本组 PTFv_1异常者共44例,占48.4%,与 AMI 病人的年龄、梗塞部位、面积扩大及泵衰竭的增重有很大关系。经过治疗,随着病情的好转 PTFv_1可恢复正常。因此,PTFv_1对老年 AMI 的预后判断具有很大的意义。     

Clinical characteristics of rapidly progressive leuko-araiosis

Introduction – 38 patients found to have either pure leuko-araiosis (LA) or LA combined with infarction(s) on computer tomography (CT) in 1989 were re-examined in 1992 in order to evaluate the progression of LA. The follow-up period averaged 3.2 years. Material and methods - The clinical and radiological data on patients in 1989 were collected from hospital records and re-evaluated. The patients were re-examined clinically (including 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement), and neuroradiologically (CT) in 1992 for this study. Results – 11 (29%) patients were found to have significant (rapid) progression of the extent of LA on CT during the follow-up. At baseline, there was no significant difference in the mean number of brain infarctions between the groups with progressing (prLA) and non-progressing LA (nprLA) or between the number of cortical and central infarctions within these groups. At follow-up, the total number of infarctions had increased significantly in both groups, but it was mostly because of the increase in cortical infarctions in the prLA group (p = 0.043) and, conversely, the central ones in the nprLA group (p = 0.011). prLA was found to be related to heart failure (82% vs 37%, p = 0.029) and atrial fibrillation (55% vs 19%, p = 0.047), whereas nprLA was strongly associated with a sudden onset of symptoms (78% vs prLA 18%, p = 0.001) like a-true brain infarction. Other clinical factors, including mean blood pressure and heart rate, did not clearly differentiate between the groups. Conclusion - The results suggest that there are different subgroups of patients with LA associated with various vascular factors. The occurrence of LA is not related to the distribution of infarctions. The progression of LA is not related to the number of brain infarctions or to the simultaneous increase of infarctions on CT.     

217例老年精神病人的躯体共病性研究

目的：探讨老年精神科病人躯体疾病共病情况及其意义。方法：调查217例老年精神科病人的精神科诊断及合弄躯体疾病情况。结果：88．9％的病人合并有躯体疾病，每一个病人合并的躯体疾病的病种数平均为2．18种。合并的躯体疾病多见的是脑血管病、高血压、心脏病、感染、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）等。结论：老年精神科病人的躯体共病现象具有普遍性，其躯体疾病分布具有普通老年科病人的特点。躯体共病影响精神疾病的疗效预后及老年精神科的临床工作模式。     

贫困山区育龄妇女健康状况调查分析

育龄妇女的健康状况。可以反映一个地区的社会经济发展水平，也可反映当地医疗保健服务的水平以及群众利用服务的能力。通过对贫困山区岳西县555名育龄妇女的健康状况及影响因素进行分析，发现常见病、多发病仍威胁贫困山区育龄妇女的健康，同时家庭经济状况直接影响农村育龄妇女对卫生服务的利用。