肝素包被对异种脱细胞血管移植后内膜增生的影响

目的 探讨肝素包被对异种脱细胞血管移植后内膜增生的影响.方法 将截取的犬双侧颈动脉进行脱细胞处理,对其中部分颈动脉进一步实施肝素包被处理.18只新西兰大白兔随机分为肝素包被组(移植经肝素包被处理的脱细胞血管,n=9)和无肝素包被组(移植未经肝素包被处理的脱细胞血管,n=9).两组动物均接受双侧颈动脉移植,血管吻合后结扎左侧两吻合口间颈动脉(结扎侧),右侧则不结扎(未结扎侧).于术后第1、3、12周分别进行血管多普勒超声检查,观察移植血管通畅情况并测量血管内径,同时计算血流峰值速度(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)和搏动指数(PI)等血流动力学参数.术后12周末处死所有动物,取双侧移植物血管,制备标本观察组织形态学改变,计算内膜厚度/(内膜厚度十中膜厚度)[I/(I M)],同时进行统计学分析.结果 无肝素包被组术后血管内径,除结扎侧术后第1周外均较术前明显缩小;各时间点未结扎侧均较结扎侧明显缩小;以上差异均有统计学意义(P(0.05).肝素包被组术后血管内径,仅未结扎侧于术后第3、12周时较术前明显缩小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后第3周,肝素包被组RI明显小于未肝素包被组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).无肝素包被组未结扎侧内膜增生明显,I/(I M)值较结扎侧明显增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);肝素包被组结扎侧与未结扎侧I/(I M)比较差异无统计学意义.结论 脱细胞血管移植物在不同剪切力作用下内膜增生情况也不相同,低流速对移植物血管内膜增生具有促进作用;肝素包被处理可有效抑制内膜增生的发生.     

不孕症合并子宫内膜非典型增生患者助孕治疗的临床分析

目的探讨不孕症合并子宫内膜非典型增生患者经保守治疗后助孕治疗的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析8例不孕症合并子宫内膜非典型增生患者，经孕激素或促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRHa）治疗子宫内膜非典型增生缓解后，采用助孕治疗，观察助孕治疗的疗效及其对子宫内膜的影响。结果经孕激素或GnRHa治疗后，8例患者子宫内膜非典型增生全部缓解。共进行单纯促排卵治疗7个周期，促排卵联合人工授精2个周期，体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）7个周期，冻融胚胎移植2个周期。单纯促排卵周期均未妊娠，人工授精1个周期双胎妊娠；7个IVF—ET周期中，胚胎移植6个周期，3个周期获得临床妊娠；冻融胚胎移植1个周期获得临床妊娠。现足月分娩6活婴。1例未妊娠患者在促排卵后4个月发现子宫内膜癌变。结论不孕症合并子宫内膜非典型增生的患者经孕激素或GnRHa治疗缓解后，及时助孕治疗能提高妊娠率，但需严密观察，注意子宫内膜癌发生的可能。     

Parotid localized Castleman’s disease and HHV-8 infection: a case report

Castleman’s disease (CD) is an unusual massive proliferation of lymphoid tissue distinct in two clinical forms, localized and multicentric. The multicentric form has been related to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), especially in HIV-infected patients, whereas the localized form of CD is still unrelated to viral pathogens. We report a case of a HIV-negative 16-year-old male referred to our hospital with a 12-month history of a painless swelling in his right parotid region. A parotidectomy was performed, and histological analysis evidenced a localized CD. The search for HHV-8 revealed an active virus infection. The patient was commenced on corticosteroid therapy and a follow-up was performed every 6 months. The patient was commenced on corticosteroid therapy and there has been no recurrence after 24 months. The authors report a case of localized parotid CD in a patient with evidence of an active HHV-8 infection. The results of this study does for the first time suggest an association between HHV-8 and localized CD in HIV-negative subjects.     

普乐安片治疗良性前列腺增生症对比研究

目的:随机对照观察普乐安片治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效。方法:将BPH患者80例前瞻性随机分为两组,治疗组60例,给予前列康3片,3/d口服;对照组20例,给予保列治1片,口服,一日一次;疗程均为90 d。观察治疗前后BPH患者的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、前列腺体积、残余尿量及最大尿流率(Qmax)的改善情况。结果:普乐安片治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)安全有效,总有效率为93.3%。随访观察3月,能明显改善患者主客观症状。治疗组IPSS及QOL评分由治疗前平均14.4±3.8及3.1±0.6分别下降至10.0±2.7及1.7±0.6,最大尿流率由治疗前(13.2±1.9)ml/s增加至治疗后(17.5±4.7)ml/s,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前后残余尿量、前列腺体积及PSA变化比较无统计学意义,治疗组与对照组治疗效果比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:普乐安片是目前治疗症状性BPH患者的理想首选药物。     

多层螺旋CT多期相扫描及多层面重建诊断功能性肾上腺肿瘤的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)多期相扫描及多层面重建(MPR)对功能性肾上腺肿瘤的诊断价值。方法应用GELightspeed Ultra 16层螺旋CT对113例患者进行肾上腺多期相扫描,所得图像进行MPR,结合临床资料分析不同功能性肾上腺肿瘤在各期相扫描中的特点。结果醛固酮腺瘤39例,皮质醇腺瘤25例,嗜铬细胞瘤27例,无功能肾上腺皮质肿瘤22例。醛固酮腺瘤组的各期相CT值均小于皮质醇腺瘤组(P<0.05),但相对造影剂清除百分比大于皮质醇腺瘤组(P<0.05);皮质醇腺瘤组动脉期扫描CT值低于嗜铬细胞瘤组(P<0.05);皮质醇腺瘤组在各增强扫描期相CT值均大于无功能皮质腺瘤组(P<0.05)。结论MSCT多期相扫描及MPR能够提高体积较小肿瘤的检出率,并对功能性肾上腺疾病的诊断具有一定临床应用价值。     

胃癌和胃粘膜异型增生核仁组织区嗜银蛋白定量和形态研究

目的探讨核仁组织区嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲ）染色技术在胃癌、癌前病变、慢性胃炎中鉴别诊断价值和意义。方法应用ＡｇＮＯＲ染色技术，观察１３２例胃良恶性病变和癌前病变细胞核中ＡｇＮＯＲ颗粒含量和形态。结果胃癌、胃粘膜异型增生、慢性胃炎三组间细胞核内ＡｇＮＯＲ颗粒均数差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），正常胃壁粘膜与慢性胃炎ＡｇＮＯＲ颗粒均数无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。胃癌和胃粘膜异型增生ＡｇＮＯＲ颗粒形态以弥散型为主，而慢性胃炎和正常胃粘膜以核仁型为主。结论细胞核内ＡｇＮＯＲ颗粒含量和分型对于区别胃良恶性及癌前病变有重要参考价值。     

Potential adverse endocrine effects of inhaled corticosteroids

Abstract: Evidence exists for a potential role for inhaled corticosteroids, particularly when used in high dose to cause growth impairment, delayed maturation and adrenal suppression in children and adolescents with asthma. The functional significance of biochemical adrenal suppression remains uncertain. Similarly, there is as yet insufficient evidence to determine whether inhaled corticosteroids may adversely affect bone mineral density in children and adolescents with asthma.     

CYP11β1 (11-beta-hydroxylase) deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Objective : To review experience of CYP11β1 deficiency (previously known as 11β-hydroxylase) at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria.
Methodology : A retrospective case review was conducted from 1974 to 1995 with five cases identified.
Results : Age of presentation ranged from 1 day to 7 years. Presentation was with ambiguous genitatia at birth (two females), simple virilization (two males) and suspected early puberty in mid childhood (one female). Associated clinical features were hypertension (three cases) and tall stature with markedly advanced bone age (four cases). Biochemical abnormalities consistent with CYP11β1-deficiency were elevated urinary tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol ( n = 5) and elevated serum 11-deoxycortisol ( n = 3). Additional abnormalities were elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone ( n = 3), elevated androstenedione ( n = 4) and elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate ( n = 4). The clinical features and investigations suggested CYP11β1-classical deficiency in four patients and CYP11β1-non-classical deficiency in one patient.
Conclusions : The five cases of CYP11β1-deficiency demonstrate a spectrum of clinical abnormalities, with diagnostic difficulties in two cases and delayed presentation in three cases. Prompt diagnosis of CYP11β1-deficiency is facilitated greatly by the availability of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument and is essential to avoid the long-term effects of hypertension and hyperandrogenism.     

Low adrenal androgen output in patients with abnormal laryngeal epithelium

We present 16 new patients who had abnormal vocal cord biopsies. Each had a serum sex hormone profile performed on the morning of the procedure. The striking abnormality was that 12 (75%) had low dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), the main adrenal androgen, and four of these had prepubertal levels.     

Temporal and individual variations in the dose of glucocorticoid used for the treatment of salt-losing congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

The dose of glucocorticoid was evaluated in the treatment of 19 patients with salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to complete or nearly complete 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In most cases, follow-up was from infancy to puberty. The dose of steroid was expressed as oral cortisol (mg/m² body surface area 124 hours); the equivalent doses of the various glucocorticoid preparations was as follows: 100 mg oral cortisol = 120 mg oral cortisone acetate = 25 mg oral prednisone = 50 mg intramuscular cortisol = 60 mg intramuscular cortisone acetate. The dose of glucocorticoid producing good laboratory and clinical control varied significantly with age. The dose fell from 26 mg/m²/24 hours in early infancy to 19 mg/m²/24 hours between 6 and 8 years of age, and then rose to 23–24 mglm²/hour in adolescence. In addition to these age-related changes, there were large individual variations at each age. Indeed, the values from 4 of the 19 patients were not included in the calculation of the mean because they were more than 3 SD either above or below the mean. For the rest of the patients, the coefficient of variation ranged from 14.5% to 37.2%. It is concluded that glucocorticoid therapy must be adjusted carefully to the age and needs of each patient.