旋毛虫Ts87重组蛋白诱导的小鼠黏膜免疫保护性研究

本实验探讨旋毛虫Ts87重组蛋白灌胃免疫小鼠诱导的黏膜免疫保护性作用。实验分对照组、佐剂组(霍乱毒素B亚单位组,CTB)和免疫组(CTB Ts87重组蛋白),灌胃免疫,间隔1周共免疫3次。末次免疫后第7天用400条旋毛虫感染期幼虫攻击,比较3组小鼠肠道成虫数、雌虫生殖力和肌幼虫数。且于末次免疫后第7天刮取肠黏液、取血检测特异性sIgA、IgG抗体水平。结果显示免疫组小鼠成虫减虫率、新生蚴减虫率、肌幼虫减虫率分别是81·34%、67·02%、84·49%;小鼠肠黏液sIgA水平及血清IgG水平显著高于对照组和佐剂组。结果表明Ts87重组蛋白黏膜免疫能够诱导小鼠产生抗旋毛虫的保护性免疫。灌胃免疫能显著提高肠黏液特异性sIgA水平,对促进肠道成虫的排出有明显作用。     

解偶联蛋白3基因启动子区-55(C>T)多态与中国人静息能量消耗及体脂含量与分布的关系

目的研究解偶联蛋白3基因(UCP3)启动子区-55(C>T)多态与中国人静息能量消耗、体脂参数的关系。方法在300名中国人(正常体重91人,超重/肥胖209人)中,用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction-restrictionfragment length polymorphisms ,PCR-RFLP)检测UCP3基因启动子区-55(C>T)变异,并测定其静息能量消耗、体脂含量及分布。结果UCP3基因启动子区-55(C>T)多态基因型频率与肥胖及肥胖类型均无相关。正常体重组TT基因型者静息能量消耗水平显著高于CT及CC基因型者(P<0·05) ;超重/肥胖组各基因型者间比较亦有同样趋势。在超重/肥胖组,TT基因型者FM/FFM值与CT及CC基因型者差异有显著意义(P<0·01)。结论UCP3基因启动子区-55(C>T)多态与中国人静息能量消耗相关,该变异可能通过对静息能量消耗的影响调节机体的能量代谢。     

Angiogenesis of glioma: evaluation of ultrastructural characteristics of microvessels and tubular bodies (Weibel–Palade) in endothelial cells and immunohistochemical findings with VEGF and p53 protein

Capillary endothelial proliferation is often a prominent feature of malignant gliomas. The understanding of structural and functional characteristics of the vascular microenvironment in gliomas is essential for the design of future therapeutic strategies against this tumor. Electron microscopic analysis of the capillary endothelial proliferation in malignant gliomas indicated that the complex vascular structures within the tumor were composed essentially of immature capillaries. Immature capillaries had a narrow slitlike lumen composed of endothelial cells with their high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio and the relative paucity of organelles. They resembled capillary buds seen in normal repair tissue. Immature microvessels caused by angiogenesis were found more frequently in marginal zone of the tumors with increased microvessels. The tubular body was an organelle observed in vascular endothelial cells and was used frequently as a marker of the endothelial cell. Tubular bodies were evaluated by quantitative measurement of the mean percent (%) ratio of the number of endothelial cells with tubular bodies to all endothelial cells in microvessels of tumors. In glioblastomas it yielded a value of 32.4% in the margin, about two times as high as that in the center of the tumors. However, it was lower in all locations of astrocytomas. Tubular bodies in endothelial cells could be increased in proportion to neovascularization, and they might serve as a marker for increasing microvessels in astrocytic tumors. Tumor angiogenesis may be regulated by growth factors with angiogenic activities that are secreted by tumor cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a critical role in the regulation of vascular endothelial proliferation. We found that 86% of 29 glioblastomas and 79% of 14 anaplastic astrocytomas demonstrated immunoreactivity for VEGF in their tumor cells. There tended to be a correlation between VEGF and vascularity. A correlation existed between the grade of immunoreactivity for VEGF and the grade of p53 protein expression in the malignant gliomas. However, the MIB-1 indices did not increase in correlation with increase in the extent of immunoreactivity for VEGF.     

Oxidative stress, ER stress, and the JNK pathway in type 2 diabetes

Pancreatic -cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are observed in type 2 diabetes. Under diabetic conditions, oxidative stress and ER stress are induced in various tissues, leading to activation of the JNK pathway. This JNK activation suppresses insulin biosynthesis and interferes with insulin action. Indeed, suppression of the JNK pathway in diabetic mice improves insulin resistance and ameliorates glucose tolerance. Thus, the JNK pathway plays a central role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and may be a potential target for diabetes therapy.     

利用表型筛选法测定整合子对耐药性基因盒的整合频率

目的 建立一种利用表型筛选的方法来测定整合子对耐药性基因盒的整合频率. 方法 将整合子和aadA2耐药性基因盒克隆到同一质粒pACYCl84的不同位点,该重组质粒和高表达整合酶的重组质粒分别转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),挑选阳性克隆过夜培养后,取适量菌液涂布含有链霉素的LB琼脂平板,同时取适量菌液涂布不含链霉素的LB琼脂平板,过夜培养后计数菌落个数,用以计算整合频率.同时以链霉素平板上的阳性克隆为模板,进行PCR扩增.对扩增产物切胶回收纯化,然后进行测序,以确定aadA2耐药性基因盒整合位点. 结果 在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)宿主中,整合子对aadA2耐药性基因盒的整合频率为1.1×103,主要的整合位点为attI. 结论 该系统可以用于整合子对基因盒捕获频率的测定.     

The linear plasmid pSA3239 is essential for the replication of the Streptomyces lavendulae subsp. lavendulae CCM 3239 chromosome

We previously reported the complete genome of Streptomyces lavendulae subsp. lavendulae CCM 3239, containing the linear chromosome and the large linear plasmid pSA3239. Although the chromosome exhibited replication features characteristic for the archetypal end-patching replication, it lacked the tap/tpg gene pair for two proteins essential for this process. However, this archetypal tpgSa-tapSa operon is present in pSA3239. Complete genomic sequence of the S. lavendulae Del-LP strain lacking this plasmid revealed the circularization of its chromosome with a large deletion of both arms. These results suggest an essential role of pSA3239-encoded TapSa/TpgSa in the end-patching replication of the chromosome.     

重组人脑髓鞘碱性蛋白及其抗体的研究

将EcoR1和SalⅠ酶切的人脑髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）基因cDNA克隆片段与表达载体pGEX-5T重组后转化大肠杆菌，经筛选，增殖和IPTG诱导，阳性克隆SDS－PAGE结果证实表达一条特异42KDa区带，Western印记杂交证实该区带具MBP抗原特异性，免疫斑点杂交和ELISA检测表达产量占菌体可溶性蛋白含量6％，达到414.6mg/L菌液，将含可溶性MBP蛋白的菌液后SDS－PAGE分离纯化得重组MBP抗原，对新西兰兔进行背部皮下多点注射，5次免疫后以琼脂板免疫双扩法检测抗效价达1：16，并通过免疫斑点杂交和Western印亦杂交证实证抗体具抗MBP特异性。     

SH2A 基因对细胞信号转导的影响及其亚细胞定位

目的 研究Src同源域2(src homology 2，SH2)A基因在细胞信号转导中的作用并进行亚细胞定位。方法 通过RT—PCR方法扩增SH2A cDNA编码序列，构建真核重组表达载体pcDNA3．1-SH2A，利用脂质体转染肝癌Bel7402细胞、COS7细胞，检测蛋白酶C(protein kinaseC，PKC)、酪氨酸蛋白激酶(tyrosine protein kinase，TPK)、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase，MAPK)活性的改变；另构建pEGEP—SH2A，转染同前，荧光显微镜观察荧光定位。结果 测序结果显示真核重组表达载体pcDNA3．1-SH2A及pEGFP—SH2A中均含有SH2AcDNA编码序列；肝癌Bel7402细胞、COS7细胞转染pcDNA3．1-SH2A后，胞浆PKC的活性下降了40％左右，MAPK和TPK活性未见明显改变。荧光显微镜观察发现SH2A基因在细胞质中表达。结论 SH2A基因编码蛋白在PKC信号转导通路中起抑制作用；SH2A基因编码蛋白定位于细胞质。     

Molecular pathology of NEU1 gene in sialidosis

Lysosomal sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18) has a dual physiological function; it participates in intralysosomal catabolism of sialylated glycoconjugates and is involved in cellular immune response. Mutations in the sialidase gene NEU1, located on chromosome 6p21.3, result in autosomal recessive disorder, sialidosis, which is characterized by the progressive lysosomal storage of sialylated glycopeptides and oligosaccharides. Sialidosis type I is a milder, late-onset, normosomatic form of the disorder. Type I patients develop visual defects, myoclonus syndrome, cherry-red macular spots, ataxia, hyperreflexia, and seizures. The severe early-onset form, sialidosis type II, is also associated with dysostosis multiplex, Hurler-like phenotype, mental retardation, and hepatosplenomegaly. We summarize information on the 34 unique mutations determined so far in the sialidase gene, including four novel missense and one novel nonsense mutations found in two Czech and two French sialidosis patients. The analysis of sialidase mutations in sialidosis revealed considerable molecular heterogeneity, reflecting the diversity of clinical phenotypes that make molecular diagnosis difficult. The majority of sialidosis patients have had missense mutations, many of which have been expressed; their effects on activity, stability, intracellular localization, and supramolecular organization of sialidase were studied. A structural model of sialidase allowed us to localize mutations in the sialidase molecule and to predict their impact on the tertiary structure and biochemical properties of the enzyme.     

Activated protein C resistance shows an association with pregnancy-induced hypertension

A common mutation in the factor V gene, the Leiden mutation, is the most frequent genetic cause of resistance to activated protein C (APC). Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of APC resistance is associated with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Our objective was to determine whether the factor V Leiden mutation is more prevalent in patients who developed severe PIH than in normotensive pregnant women. In 70 women with a history of severe PIH, of whom 15 had pre-eclampsia, we investigated common coagulation factors as well as APC resistance (factor V related). We found that seven of these 70 women showed low values for APC. Out of these, five were heterozygous and none was homozygous for factor V Leiden mutation. In a control group of normotensive pregnant women we found a 3.0% rate of APC resistance and a 3.0% rate of carriers of the Leiden mutation. These results indicate a significantly higher prevalence of both APC resistance and factor V Leiden mutation in women with severe PIH. Placental infarctions and micro-embolisms are considered to be one of the principle pathophysiological changes in severe PIH. Our results suggest that APC resistance is a risk factor for severe PIH, in addition to its well-known role in macrothrombo-embolism.