腰硬联合麻醉与全麻对老年腹部手术患者术后短期认知功能的影响

目的 探讨腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)与全麻对老年腹部手术患者术后认知功能的影响。方法 选取本院2018年5月—2019年5月收治的82例老年腹部手术患者,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各41例。观察组应用CSEA,对照组则采用全身麻醉。比较两组的麻醉相关指标,术后6 h、12 h、24 h的精神功能状态以及患者术后短期认知功能障碍的发生率。结果 观察组麻醉起效时间(min)、完全清醒时间(min)分别为(8.19±1.04)、(28.67±5.60)与对照组的(10.17±2.12)、(37.25±6.12)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组视觉模拟评分(VAS)(3.51±1.12)与对照组的(4.27±1.15)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后6 h、12 h、24 h时的MMSE评分分别为(22.27±1.46)、(26.23±1.26)、(28.19±1.24),均高于对照组的(21.46±1.35)、(24.68±1.23)、(26.37±1.19)(P<0.05);观察组短期内POCD的发生率为4.88%,低于对照组的24.39%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对老年腹部手术患者采用CSEA,不仅能缩短麻醉起效时间和完全清醒的时间,减轻疼痛,而且对患者精神功能的影响小,可有效减少短期内认知功能障碍发生率。     

钝性腹部创伤致内出血的非手术治疗

目的：探讨非手术治疗在钝性腹部损伤并仙出血的地位和作用。方法：回顾性分析1992－1999年我院收治的32例经选择的钝性腹部创伤致内出血病人行非手术治疗的疗效。结果：30例经保守治疗痊愈,2例需中转手术,没有发生严重的迟发性并发症。结论：经选择的钝性腹部创伤致内出血病人行非手术治疗是安全有效的,对血流动力学稳定的患者可作为首选。     

小儿再发性腹痛的病因学分析

目的 分析小儿再发性腹痛的病因以及相关的因素为临床选择辅助检查及诊断提供依据或参考。方法 268例再发性腹痛患儿选人调查对象,对其进行病因学调查,调查内容包括年龄、性别、季节、诱因、部位等8个因素,进行分析。选择相关的辅助检查确定病因。结果 有52例有器质性疾病(19．4％),以慢性胃炎居首位。与发作有关的因素有季节、年龄、情绪反应。结论 小儿再发性腹痛绝大多数属于功能性疾病,只有少数由器质性原因引起,但仍应引起足够重视,谨慎的选择辅助检查,避免漏诊。     

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: epidemiology,screening and work-up for repair

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the infra-renal abdominal aorta to greater than 3 cm. Population screening is offered to men in the year of their 65th birthday in the UK. Patients with small, asymptomatic AAAs (<5.5 cm) are entered into surveillance programmes and have their cardiovascular risk factors managed aggressively. An AAA ≥5.5 cm diameter, or one which is symptomatic, should be considered for surgical repair to prevent rupture. Aneurysm repair can be undertaken using either an open surgical or endovascular approach; the decision should be tailored to the individual patient and made by the surgeon and patient, with input from a multi-disciplinary team.     

腹腔镜针对复杂性胆囊及胆总管结石术中的临床决策及处理技巧

目的 探讨腹腔镜术中处理复杂性胆囊结石及胆总管结石的不同方式对手术的影响。方法回顾性分析青岛市市立医院收治的复杂性胆囊及胆总管结石患者136例,总结并归纳术中情况及相对应处理技巧及经验。结果 本研究中腹腔粘连病例占全组120例（88.2%）,其中炎症粘连73例,手术后粘连47例,术中遵循“宁伤胆囊、远离肝门”的处理原则及相应的处理技巧,98例（81.7%）腹腔粘连患者按照原定手术方式顺利完成,但22例（18.3%）腹腔粘连患者因术中胆总管或胆囊颈管辨别不清、术中发现胆囊癌变等原因施行中转开腹手术。结石嵌顿病例占全组16例（11.8%）,包括胆囊颈管及胆总管结石嵌顿,术中应用推挤法、直接取石法、液电碎石等技巧联合应用胆道镜、碎石仪及扩张球囊等设备,手术均在腹腔镜下完成。结论 腹腔粘连和结石嵌顿是腹腔镜下复杂性胆囊结石及胆总管结石手术中较常见的困难,相应的术中决策和处理技巧能够为提高患者安全、降低手术风险、减少术后并发症等提供更多的方法与思路。     

A prospective longitudinal study of chronic abdominal pain and symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) is widely applied. Few studies have evaluated patient-reported abdominal symptoms after SG.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of chronic abdominal pain (CAP) and symptom characteristics after SG.SettingOslo University Hospital and Voss Hospital.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal prospective cohort study of patients operated on with SG at two tertiary referral centers. For broad assessments of abdominal pain and symptoms, consultations were performed and questionnaires retrieved before and 2 years after SG. The definition of CAP or recurrent abdominal pain lasting for more than 3 months was sustained. Preoperative predictors of CAP were explored.ResultsOf 249 patients at baseline, 207 (83.1%) had follow-up consultations. Mean preoperative body mass index was 43.9 (6.0) kg/m², and 181 patients (72.7%) were female. Total weight loss was 31.9% (10.4%). CAP was reported in 32 of 223 patients (14.3%) before and in 50 of 186 patients (26.9%) after SG (P =.002). All mean gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale questionnaire scores increased after SG, and they were higher in patients with CAP. Symptoms of depression decreased but were more prevalent in patients with CAP at follow-up. Most quality-of-life scores increased after SG. However, patients with CAP had lower scores (except for physical functioning). Preoperative bothersome Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale reflux symptoms, study center, and younger age seemed to predict CAP after SG.ConclusionThe prevalence of patient-reported CAP increased after SG. Patients reporting CAP had reduced quality-of-life scores.     

超声引导下经皮微波消融治疗恶性胸、腹壁肿瘤

目的 观察超声引导下经皮微波消融（MWA）治疗恶性胸、腹壁肿瘤的效果。方法 对11例恶性胸、腹壁肿瘤患者行超声引导下经皮MWA治疗,共治疗14个病灶,腹壁6个,胸壁8个;术后随访,观察治疗效果及不良反应。结果 11例超声引导下MWA治疗均成功,技术成功率100%。术后1个月8例治疗有效,3例肿瘤残存。2例术后出现局部疼痛,经对症治疗后缓解;1例局部脂肪液化,予局部消毒换药1个月后痊愈。未见气胸、肠道损伤、皮肤烧伤等严重并发症。4例术前合并病灶周围神经痛,术后疼痛得到有效控制。术后随访4~28个月,中位随访时间8个月;期间2例失访、2例死亡;至随访终点7例疗效较好,未见复发及转移。结论 超声引导下经皮MWA治疗恶性胸、腹壁肿瘤安全、有效。