有效组织我国转化医学研究的管理策略探讨

转化医学研究作为一门新兴的交叉学科,被寄期望成为现代生物医学研究的一个新的起步点和着力点,近年来,在国内卫生发展实力雄厚的地方已新建或在积极筹建转化医学研究机构,其构建和运作仍处于探索阶段.本文从组织管理角度,借鉴国外转化医学研究创新机制,探讨我国有效组织该项工作开展的策略.     

Signposting the causes of medication errors

JORDAN S. (2011) Signposting the causes of medication errors. International Nursing Review 58 , 45–46 Background: Medication errors are a universal problem, but the causes and solutions are uncertain. Aim: This commentary contextualizes an important paper describing the medication error problem in one hospital in Iran. Evaluation: Medication errors may be an important link between poor employment conditions for nurses and less favourable patient outcomes. Implications: This paper, taken with other observational work, suggests that intervention studies to test strategies to reduce medication errors may be key to improving patient outcomes.     

淋巴瘤治疗中硼替佐米的临床应用

淋巴瘤是一组复杂的血液肿瘤,世界卫生组织(WHO)与美国国家综合癌症网(NCCN)等机构不断更新对淋巴瘤的定义,并且淋巴瘤分型及治疗方案也不断完善.诸多新的药物被用于治疗淋巴瘤,例如用于治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的蛋白酶体抑制剂硼替佐米,亦被美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准用于治疗特殊类型淋巴瘤.为了明确淋巴瘤患者应用硼替佐米治疗的恰当时机,以及硼替佐米在淋巴瘤治疗中的地位,笔者结合2016年WHO淋巴细胞肿瘤分类与NCCN淋巴瘤指南,拟就硼替佐米在淋巴瘤治疗中的意义与作用进行综述.     

93例胸腺瘤按WHO组织分型结果回顾性分析

目的 探讨WHO胸腺瘤病理组织分型临床应用的意义.方法 按新的WHO胸腺瘤组织分型标准对我科手术治疗的93例胸腺瘤进行了回顾性分析,总结本组病例的组织分型、Masaoka分期及预后.结果 93例胸腺瘤中,WHO组织分型的A、AB、 B1、B2、B3、C型分别有6例(6.45%)、28例(30.11%)、15例(16.13%)、22例(23.66%)、9例(9.68%)、8例(8.60%);复合型5例(5.38%).Masaoka分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳa、Ⅳb期分别为45、23、14、9、2例.组织分型与分期有较高的相关性.随访病例中有6例复发,B2及以上分型占5例.结论 WHO胸腺瘤组织分型方案能较好地指导临床治疗和判断预后,有较高的临床应用价值.     

地方高校图书馆特色资源建设分析*

本文以广西中医药大学图书馆近几年来建设特色资源库情况为例,分析建库内容、建库层次,指出存在的问题及应对对策,提出深化建库内容、深化层次建设是特色资源建设的发展趋势。     

军事医学科学院毒物分析实验室获准国际禁止化学武器组织生物医学样品分析指定实验室经验体会

国际禁止化学武器组织（OPCW）自2009年起先后组织了5次生物医学样品分析信心建立测试,并于2016年2月启动第1次正式生物医学效能水平测试。军事医学科学院毒物分析实验室（AMMSLTA）全程参与并以优异成绩通过,最终成功获准首批OPCW生物医学样品分析指定实验室。本文介绍了指定实验室建立的背景、申报条件,以及毒物分析实验室申报过程和经验体会。     

Surgical safety checklist and operating room efficiency: results from a large multispecialty tertiary care hospital

Background

The Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) improves patient safety and outcomes; however, barriers to effective use include the perceived negative impact on operating room (OR) efficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SSC implementation on OR efficiency.

Methods

All operations at our large multispecialty tertiary care hospital were reviewed for 1-year pre- and 1-year post-SSC implementation. OR efficiency included operating room time, operation time, first starts on time, same-day cancellations, and OR disposable cost.

Results

A total of 35,570 operations were reviewed: 17,204 pre-SSC and 18,366 post-SSC. There was no difference between groups for operating room time (P = .93), operation time (P = .66), first starts on time (P = .15), and same-day cancellations (P = .57). The mean OR disposable cost was significantly lower ($70/operation) for the post-SSC group (P < .01).

Conclusions

The implementation of an SSC does not negatively impact OR efficiency and should not be considered a barrier to effective use. Our data suggest that SSC use can reduce overall cost per surgical procedure.     

Papillary tumor of the pineal region: Case report and review of the literature

Papillary tumor of the pineal region is a rare neuroepithelial tumor characterized by papillary architecture and epithelial cytology, immunopositivity for cytokeratin and ependymal differentiation. It is considered grade II–III by the World Health Organization and was first described by Jouvet in 2003. We present a 34-year-old male with headaches, blurred vision and normal examination. Radiological study showed a nodulocystic lesion in the pineal region compatible with pineocytoma. Surgery was performed using an infratentorial supracerebellar approach, finding a cystic tumor in the quadrigeminal cistern which was completely resected. Histopathology reported a papillary tumor of the pineal region. The patient made good progress without adjuvant therapy, and after 57 months of follow-up he remained asymptomatic and free of recurrence. A review of the literature was performed to collect all the cases published with gross total resection and no complementary treatment. In conclusion, there is still much to be learned about the pathogenesis, prognosis and management of this tumor.     

抗菌药物临床应用管理架构、技术支持体系与策略

抗菌药物管理是一个世界性难题,本文对抗菌药物管理的各个方面,包括其定义、目标、组织架构、技术支持体系、管理策略等进行详细阐述,同时就我国目前抗菌药物管理工作存在的问题进行剖析.我国应学习和借鉴国际经验,结合自身情况的复杂性进行实践、研究和创新.