维持性血液透析患者生活质量与蛋白质能量消耗和微炎症状态的相关性研究

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者生活质量(QOL)与蛋白质能量消耗(PEW)和微炎症状态(MIS)的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究,观察2016年5月至2018年6月在桂平市人民医院行血液透析治疗的慢性肾脏病5期患者,按照是否合并PEW分为PEW组和非PEW组,按照是否存在MIS分为MIS组与非MIS组;分析患者的...     

Promoting the awareness of hospital malnutrition in children: ePINUT 10th anniversary in 2020

ObjectiveThe year 2020 marks the 10th consecutive year of the ePINUT study which is used for promoting awareness of hospital malnutrition in paediatric wards. The present article describes the methods and the studied population.Materials and methodsePINUT is a cross-sectional study gathering data each year over 2 weeks in March. Any child up to 18 years old, hospitalized except in neonatal and intensive care units could be included in this study. Length of hospitalization, weight variations and height were measured. An online calculator was made available for nutritional indices (http://www.epinut.fr/), in accordance with the French Paediatric Society guidelines. A geographic grouping was done based on university inter-regions.ResultsA total of 13,332 entries in France were included from 2010 to 2019. On a geographic level, 6 of the 7 regions contributed yearly to 10 to 15% of these entries, while the western region accounted for 25% of the entries (P < 0.001). Ninety-two cities participated, with 36% participating 5 to 9 years, 39% participating 2 to 4 years, and 26% participating once. The median age was 4 years old, 10.2% of children had a Weight-for-Height z-score smaller than ?2 at admittance. These children stayed longer in the hospital (8.3 ± 11.3 vs. 6.4 ± 9.3 days, P = 0.02) and had a greater percent weight change during hospitalization (2.8 ± 4.7 vs. 0.4 ± 3.8%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionSuch a long-term promotion of awareness about hospital malnutrition is unique. The future aim is to empower young patients and their parents and to get them involved in reducing hospital malnutrition in children.     

IgA-gliadin antibodies, IgA-containing circulating immune complexes, and IgA glomerular deposits in wasting marmoset syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Marmosets in captivity are highly susceptible to wasting marmoset syndrome (WMS), the aetiology of which is still not fully determined. METHODS: The level of IgA-gliadin antibodies (IgA-AGA), of IgA-containing circulating immune complexes (IgA-CIC), and the degree of glomerular IgA deposits were compared between marmosets suffering from WMS and animals not affected by the disorder. RESULTS: Both IgA-AGA and IgA-CIC were demonstrable in all groups of monkeys investigated. IgA-AGA and IgA-CIC were significantly higher in monkeys with WMS than in non-affected animals. There was a significant correlation between the glomerular IgA-deposition and titre of IgA-AGA. The group of marmosets strongly positive for glomerular IgA deposits comprised significantly more animals suffering from WMS than the group without deposits. In the diet of the animals a considerable amount of gliadin-like cereal proteins was assayed. CONCLUSIONS: There are several parallels between the human disorders (coeliac disease and IgA-nephropathy/Berger's disease) and the changes observed in WMS. It should be further investigated if WMS in marmosets is a suitable animal model for both human diseases.     

狨猴的常见疾病及死因的分析研究

本文对棉顶狨猴、普通狨猴和鞍背狨猴在实验室笼养条件下，进行了近８年狨猴的发病类型及致死原因的分析研究，结果表明引起狨猴死亡的常见疾病是：肺炎、痢疾、消耗性综合症、产后大出血等。并根据狨猴的疾病摸索了一套有效的防治方案，这对于狨猴的饲养与繁殖，保证科学实验用健康的狨猴群体具有重要的意义。     

Prevalence of malnutrition in children under five and school-age children in Milot Valley,Haiti

ObjectivesThis research aims to provide child malnutrition prevalence data from Haiti's Milot Valley to inform the design and implementation of local health interventions.Study designThis cross-sectional study measured underweight, stunting, and wasting/thinness using international growth standards.MethodsAnthropometric measurements (height/length and weight) were taken on a convenience sample of 358 children aged 0–14 years. Participants were recruited through door-to-door field visits at five recruitment sites in the Milot Valley, including individuals in the waiting area of the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic at Hôpital Sacré Coeur. Caregivers were asked questions about the child's health history, including past and current feeding practices.ResultsCombining moderate and severe forms of malnutrition, 14.8% of children under five were stunted, 15.3% were wasted, and 16.1% were underweight. Among children 5–14 years of age, 14.1% were stunted, 7.6% were thin (low body mass index (BMI)-for-age), and 14.5% were underweight. For children under five, 42% of mothers ended exclusive breastfeeding before the recommended six months.ConclusionThis study illustrates the local magnitude of childhood malnutrition and can serve as a resource for future child health interventions in the Milot Valley. To fight malnutrition, a multipronged, integrated approach is recommended, combining effective community outreach and monitoring, inpatient and outpatient nutrition therapy, and expanded partnerships with nutrition-related organizations in the region.     

Mechanism and novel therapeutic approaches to wasting in chronic disease

Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome defined by continuous loss of skeletal muscle mass – with or without loss of fat mass – which cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and which may lead to progressive functional impairment and increased death risk. Its pathophysiology is characterized by negative protein and energy balance driven by a variable combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism. Muscle wasting is encountered in virtually all chronic disease states in particular during advanced stages of the respective illness. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies are ongoing to ameliorate this clinical problem. The mechanisms of muscle wasting and cachexia in chronic diseases such as cancer, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease are described. We discuss therapeutic targets and such potential modulators as appetite stimulants, selective androgen receptor modulators, amino acids and naturally occurring peptide hormones.