乳胶粒子法检测甲胎蛋白的应用

目的:评价Latex法检测甲胎蛋白(AFP)的临床应用价值。方法:对血清标本做批内批间重复性测定试验及La-tex法与电化学发光法进行对比测定。结果:Latex法与电化学发光法检测AFP结果无显著差异,Latex法与电化学发光法平均回收率分别为95.5%和96.7%。结论:电化学发光法灵敏度、精密度高,但其仪器、试剂价格高,不适于全面推广;Latex法与电化学发光法检测AFP结果无显著差异,相关性好,快速、结果稳定,试剂便宜在全自动生化仪上检测,可广泛应用。     

2种不同微创手术方法治疗良性前列腺增生症的临床观察

目的:观察经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切(TUPKP)与经尿道前列腺单极电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生症患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院自2009年10月～2011年10月住院的130例良性前列腺增生症患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各65例。实验组采用TUPKP,对照组采用TURP。结果:实验组和对照组术中、术后手术时间、术中出血量、术后平均住院天数、膀胱冲洗时间以及留置尿管时间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组和对照组术后半年IPSS评分、QOL评分、残余尿和并发症等指标,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TUPKP与TURP治疗良性前列腺增生症患者的临床效果相当,经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术相对更安全,值得临床推广应用。     

Forest valuation and risk

This paper aims to illustrate ways in which sources of risk can affect the valuation of a commercial plantation estate. Deterministic and stochastic analyses of a hypothetical commercial plantation estate are compared. Both are built on a long-term harvest schedule of wood flows that typifies current planning and valuation practices for large commercial plantation estates. The stochastic analyses incorporate typical systematic risks, including those associated with harvest yields, costs, prices and fire. Deterministic valuation using a market discount rate that includes a risk premium underestimates the expected value of the combined asset. Applying such a discount rate to a stochastic valuation would double count risk. Stochastic analysis forces owners to focus on a risk-free discount rate reflecting their time preference for net income flows over time, rather than using a valuer’s current discount rate. Stochastic analyses of valuations enable better assessment of the sensitivity of valuations to the impact of fire frequency, climate change, product prices in the immediate future and land prices, as illustrated in this study.     

Spatial accessibility to colonoscopy and its role in predicting late‐stage colorectal cancer

ObjectiveTo better determine the relationship between spatial access to colonoscopy and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, our objective was to examine the agreement of the classic, enhanced, and variable two‐step floating catchment area (2SFCA) methods in evaluating spatial access to colonoscopy and to compare the predictive validity of each method related to late‐stage CRC. 2SFCA methods simultaneously consider supply/demand of services and impedance (ie, travel time).Data SourcesColonoscopy provider locations were obtained from the South Carolina Ambulatory Surgery Database. ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) level population estimates and area‐level poverty level were obtained from the American Community Survey. Rurality was determined by the United States Department of Agriculture''s Rural‐Urban Commuting Area codes. Individual‐level CRC data were obtained from the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry.Study DesignUsing the classic, enhanced, and variable 2SFCA methods, we calculated ZCTA‐level spatial access to colonoscopy. We assessed agreement between the three methods by calculating Spearman''s rank coefficients and weighted Kappas (Κ). Global and Local Moran''s I were used to assess spatial clustering of accessibility scores across 2SFCA methods. We performed multilevel logistic regression analyses to examine the association between spatial accessibility to colonoscopy, area‐ and individual‐level factors, and late‐stage CRC.Principal FindingsWe found strong agreement (Weighted Κ = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.79‐0.86) and identified similar clustering patterns with the classic and enhanced 2SFCA methods. There was negligible agreement among the classic/enhanced 2SFCA and the variable 2SFCA. Across all 2SFCA methods, regression models showed that spatial access to colonoscopy, rurality, and poverty level were not associated with greater odds of late‐stage CRC, though Black race was associated with late‐stage CRC across all models.ConclusionsNone of the 2SFCA methods showed an association with late‐stage CRC. Future studies should explore which elements (spatial or nonspatial) of access to care have the greatest impact on CRC outcomes.     

分层递进式中医药信息素养教育

介绍了中医药信息素养教育启蒙教育阶段与学科教育阶段和拓展教育阶段的教学内容设计，教学形式选择，教学过程设计，以提升中医药信息的教学效果。     

Adaptation of the health literacy universal precautions toolkit for rheumatology and cardiology – Applications for pharmacy professionals to improve self-management and outcomes in patients with chronic disease

Over a decade of research in health literacy has provided evidence of strong links between literacy skills of patients and health outcomes. At the same time, numerous studies have yielded insight into efficacious action that health providers can take to mitigate the negative effects of limited literacy. This small study focuses on the adaptation, review and use of two new health literacy toolkits for health professionals who work with patients with two of the most prevalent chronic conditions, arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Pharmacists have a key role in communicating with patients and caregivers about various aspects of disease self-management, which frequently includes appropriate use of medications. Participating pharmacists and staff offered suggestions that helped shape revisions and reported positive experiences with brown bag events, suggestions for approaches with patients managing chronic diseases, and with concrete examples related to several medicines [such as Warfarin^©] as well as to common problems [such as inability to afford needed medicine]. Although not yet tested in community pharmacy sites, these publically available toolkits can inform professionals and staff and offer insights for communication improvement.     

Effect of BSA on carbon nanotube dispersion for in vivo and in vitro studies

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are one of the most promising nanomaterials because of their intrinsic properties. So, it becomes urgent to assess their toxicity. However, CNT are insoluble in aqueous media required for toxicological studies. Thus, we propose a simple method to disperse CNT for toxicological studies using a biomolecule: The albumin. To evaluate this method, several nanotubes were suspended in saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) without or with albumin at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml or equal as CNT concentration. These suspensions were visually compared to suspensions obtained with classical dispersing methods using Tween 80 or serum. Homogeneity of the suspensions with or without BSA and CNT structure were analyzed by TEM, agglomerates quantification and total carbon dosage. The effect of coupled albumin-CNT was then tested on A549 and U937 cells in vitro and on rats in vivo. Total carbon dosage, agglomerates quantification and TEM revealed that, in the presence of albumin, the tested nanotubes were better dispersed without any modification of their structure. The CNT suspension was tested in vitro and in vivo in rats. Albumin solution alone induced no modification of the biological responses studied (i.e., cell viability in vitro and inflammatory response and histopathology in vivo) compared to the saline. CNT in NaCl or BSA altered cellular viability in vitro in a similar way but results obtained with CNT suspension in the presence of albumin showed a better reproducibility that can be explained by the better homogeneity of the suspensions. CNT in BSA but not in NaCl significantly increased the cell number in BAL and also the number of apparent CNT-containing cells. Taken together, these results highlight the potential importance of CNT dispersion (and thus of the vehicle) for the toxicological studies.     

中医康抚辅以炒茴香热敷法在肾癌根治手术后护理研究

目的：探讨中医康抚辅以炒茴香热敷法在肾癌根治手术后的护理中的作用。方法：收集我院2010年6月—2012年12月收治的肾癌根治术后腹胀患者200例,随机分配到中医康抚组和中医康抚辅以炒茴香热敷法组,比较两组患者的肾癌根治手术后胃肠恢复的情况,并对此进行统计学分析,最后比较两组方法的疗效。结果：采用中医康抚护理组和中医康抚辅以炒茴香热敷法组的患者平均首次排气时间分别为（8.6±1.5）h与（4.8±1.2）h,平均腹胀消失时间分别为（16.2±2.1）h和（8.9±1.6）h;视觉模拟评分到2分时,两组患者的时间分别为（20.9±1.1）h和（16.3±0.5）h,均具有显著统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：中医康抚辅以炒茴香热敷法对肾癌根治手术后患者的胃肠功能恢复的疗效更明显。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定柏树叶中Zn Mn的含量

目的:测定柏树叶中Zn、Mn元素的含量。方法:HNO3∶HClO4(4+1)分解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定柏树叶中微量元素Zn、Mn的含量。结果:柏树叶中含有丰富的微量元素Zn、Mn,含量分别为37.25μg/g,21.75μg/g,RSD<2.2%,加标回收率88.90%～108.00%。结论:柏树叶中含有丰富的微量元素且Zn的含量大于Mn。     

商河县生活垃圾无害化处理场库区杂填土地基处理

针对山东省商河县生活垃圾无害化处理场工程地质条件及垃圾堆载特点，介绍了地基处理方法的选用原则，根据地勘建议做水泥深层搅拌桩处理，与建筑常用的强夯法、换填法等处理方法进行综合分析比选，确定采用强夯法处理最为适合，并提出了具体的施工方法，对强夯后地基进行载荷试验检测，结果符合设计要求。