重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子对剖宫产妇女腹部切口愈合影响的临床研究

目的 评价不同给药方式的重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子（rh-aFGF）对剖宫产妇女腹部切口愈合的近期影响及瘢痕形成的远期影响.方法 入选5 16例剖宫产妇女,按随机数字表法分为安慰剂组、喷雾组和冲洗组,每组172例,安慰剂组术后给予0.9％氯化钠冲洗腹部切口后缝合;喷雾组于切口缝合后直接给予rh-aFGF喷雾,3～4喷/cm2,3～5次/d;冲洗组术中腹壁缝合前给予2支rh-aFGF溶于0.9％氯化钠直接冲洗后缝合切口,然后给予喷雾治疗.近期随访15d观察产妇腹部切口愈合情况,远期随访3个月观察切口瘢痕形成情况.结果 冲洗组腹部切口完全愈合时间为（8.6±3.5）d,较喷雾组的（10.4±3.7）d及安慰剂组的（12.7±4.9）d均明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;冲洗组延迟愈合占4.2％（7/166）,显著低于安慰剂组的20.2％（34/168）及喷雾组的9.7％（16/165）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;三组脂肪液化、术后感染发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;冲洗组渗出、腹壁粘连发生率低于安慰剂组和喷雾组[2.4％（4/166）比10.1％（17/168）、5.5％（9/165）,3.6％（6/166）比17.3％（29/168）、9.7％（16/165）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.远期随访发现,冲洗组瘢痕面积比喷雾组减少13.5％,比安慰剂组减少27.2％.结论 rh-aFGF近期可缩短剖宫产产妇腹部切口愈合时间以及减少腹壁粘连及渗出;rh-aFGF的最佳给药方式为术中冲洗联合术后喷雾进行治疗.     

临床路径在无痛人工流产中的应用

目的：探讨临床路径在无痛人工流产中的应用价值及可行性。方法将440例行无痛人工流产患者分为临床路径组及非临床路径组（各为220例）,比较门诊无痛人工流产术临床路径组与非临床路径组在费用、患者就诊时间及满意度等方面的差别。结果与非临床路径组相比,无痛人工流产临床路径组费用明显下降（t＝30．05,P＜0．05）,就诊花费时间缩短（t＝8．61,P＜0．05）,满意度提高（χ^2＝6．05,P＜0．05）,人工流产并发症明显减少（χ^2＝6．05,P＜0．05）。结论门诊无痛人工流产可以实行临床路径管理,流程优化及降低费用效果明显,并发症明显减少。     

Left anterior descending coronary artery flow impaired by right ventricular apical pacing: The role of systolic dyssynchrony

Introduction

Right ventricular (RV) pacing may affect myocardial perfusion and coronary blood flow; however, it remains unknown whether this is related to systolic dyssynchrony induced by RV pacing. This prospective study was aimed to assess the relationship between dyssynchrony and the changes of coronary blood flow.

Methods

Seventy patients with sinus node dysfunction were prospectively enrolled. Coronary flow was evaluated by measuring diastolic velocity time integral (VTI) and duration at the distal-portion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and follow-up. Systolic dyssynchrony was assessed with tissue Doppler imaging by time standard deviation to peak systolic velocity of 12 left ventricular segments (Ts-SD, cutoff value ≥ 33 ms).

Results

Adequate data for analysis was available from 65 patients. At follow-up (mean follow up time: 127 ± 45 days), LAD velocity-time integral (LAD-VTI: 12.1 ± 4.2 vs. 10.7 ± 4.6 cm, p < 0.001) was decreased and there was deterioration of left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction: 65 ± 7% vs. 62 ± 7%). However, these changes were only detected in those with RV pacing induced systolic dyssynchrony. Significant reduction of LAD-VTI (defined as ≥ 5%) occurred in 34 (52%) patients which was more prevalent in those with pacing-induced systolic dyssynchrony than those without (85.3% versus 16.1%, χ² = 31.1, p < 0.001). Though similar at baseline, LAD-VTI was significantly lower in the dyssynchrony group at follow up (p < 0.001). Cox-regression analysis showed that pacing-inducing systolic dyssynchrony [hazard ratio (HR): 3.62, p = 0.009] and higher accumulative pacing percentage (HR: 1.02, p = 0.002) were independently associated with reduction of LAD-VTI. ROC curve demonstrated that accumulative pacing percentage ≥ 35% was 97% sensitive and 84% specific in revealing significant reduction (area under the curve: 0.961, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

RV pacing induced dyssynchrony is associated with reduced coronary flow and this may account for, in part, the deleterious effect of RV pacing on ventricular function over time.     

Influence of chitosan coating on the oral bioavailability of gold nanoparticles in rats

Gold nanoparticles are one of the most extensively investigated metallic nanoparticles for several applications. It is less toxic than other metallic nanolattices. The exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity of gold make it possible to be administered as non-invasive radiofrequency irradiation therapy that produces sufficient heat to kill tumor cells. Nanoparticles are generally administered intravenously instead of orally due to negligible oral absorption and cellular uptake. This study evaluated the oral bioavailability of gold nanoparticles coated with chitosan (C-AuNPs), a natural mucoadhesive polymer. We employed traditional method of evaluating bioavailability that involve estimation of maximum concentrations and area under the curve of 3?nm chitosan coated gold nanoparticles (C-AuNPs) in the rat plasma following intravenous and oral administrations (0.8?mg and 8?mg/kg body weight respectively). The oral bioavailability of C-AuNPs was found to be 2.46% (approximately 25 folds higher than polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated gold nanoparticles, reported earlier). These findings suggest that chitosan coating could be better than PEG coating for the enhancement of oral bioavailability of nanoparticles.     

The influence of time attitudes on adolescent alcohol use behaviours: a 33-month prospective study in the United Kingdom

Time Perspective researchers are concerned with the way in which a combination of thoughts and feelings about the past, present and future influence behaviour. Time attitudes comprise a dimension of time perspective where the focus is narrowed to evaluative feelings about the three time periods. The present study included four waves of data gathered in the United Kingdom, and focused on time attitudes. Participants were adolescents in High schools who completed both the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory-Time Attitudes Scale, at waves one to three (corresponding to High school years 1 to 3), and surveys of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and drunkenness at wave four (year 4 of High school). Four time attitudes profiles were identified (Positives, Negatives, Negative Futures, and Ambivalents), and the majority of adolescents (75.2%) transitioned between profiles at least once during the three waves of data collection. Fully adjusted analyses tentatively supported the relationship between having a positive time attitudes profile and reduced levels of HED, frequency of lifetime drunkenness, and age of first of drunkenness, with small to moderate effect sizes. Results suggested that the development and maintenance of a positive time attitudes profile might be protective against problematic drinking behaviour in adolescence. Consistent with related studies, it is clear that some time attitudes profiles are associated with less risky and healthier alcohol use behaviours than others, which has implications for possible intervention for problematic drinkers.     

Use of Oversized Injectable Valves in Growing Children for Total Repair of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Anomalies (Preliminary Results)

Right ventricular outflow tract surgery was originally confined to transannular patching, in the belief that pulmonary regurgitation was well tolerated. Because follow-up evaluations revealed the deleterious effects of pulmonary regurgitation, surgery today aims to spare or replace the valve. Available replacement devices have short lifetimes, considering growth mismatch in children. We hypothesize that oversizing the right infundibulum anticipates growth and that a squeezed prosthesis can complete the expansion process.The No-React^® Injectable BioPulmonic Valve is designed for right infundibular surgery in adults, and hundreds of implants have shown promising results. We used this device for surgery in babies, with the addition of an innovative oversizing technique. This study evaluates our preliminary results and investigates whether such a technique might reduce growth mismatch.From September 2010 through July 2012, we implanted 11 injectable pulmonic valves. The median age of our patients was 23 months. After opening the right infundibulum, we enlarged it as much as possible with a wide patch. Before completing the patch suture, we injected an oversized valve.No problems occurred during surgery. No major insufficiency or leak was observed. We conclude that prostheses can be quite oversized and perform well even when not completely expanded.Oversized injectable pulmonic valves, shrunken to a smaller diameter, enabled the implantation of a device wider than otherwise possible, without affecting performance. Moreover, the prosthesis tended to return to its original size following growth, thereby reducing growth mismatch. Longer follow-up and larger numbers of patients are needed for verification.     

Heart Failure in Remission for More than 13 Years after Removal of a Left Ventricular Assist Device

Mechanical cardiac unloading with use of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is associated with substantial improvements in left ventricular function and enables subsequent LVAD explantation in some patients. We describe the case of a 35-year-old man with dilated nonischemic cardiomyopathy who was supported with an LVAD for 9 months. After the device was removed, he led a normal life for 13 years and 4 months. However, at 49 years of age, he presented with new signs and symptoms of heart failure, necessitating implantation of a 2nd LVAD. Afterwards, he has remained asymptomatic. This case is unique in that the patient lived a normal life for longer than a decade before renewed left ventricular decompensation necessitated repeat LVAD therapy. Histologic examination revealed few changes between the first device''s removal in 1999 and the 2nd device''s implantation in 2012.