超声定量检查技术新进展

近年来，超声定量检查技术在临床的应用为心血管疾病患者的心功能评估提供了量化的依据，本文介绍了超声诊断仪的使用部分最新定量检查技术。     

显微定量法测定中成药中猪牙皂的含量

目的 :制定猪牙皂在脐风散与惊风散中的显微定量标准。方法 :用显微定量法 ,以猪牙皂特有的石细胞为显微特征物 ,对脐风散与惊风散中的猪牙皂进行测定。结果 :猪牙皂含量与每毫克特征数呈显著的线性正相关 ,回归方程为 y =61 .42 x -1 .1 0× 1 0 - 3(γ=1 .0 0 ,α=0 .0 5 )。结论 :显微定量法测定脐风散与惊风散中猪牙皂的含量是可行的 ,结果可靠     

Clinical response to local delivery of tetracycline in relation to overall and local periodontal conditions

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical response to local delivery of tetracycline in relation to clinical and microbiological conditions of the other teeth. 4 deep pockets were monitored in 19 subjects with multiple deep periodontal lesions and high counts of P. gingivalis. In 9 patients (XT) only 2 of the selected lesions were treated by placement of tetracycline fibers (Actisite®). while the rest of the dentition was left untreated. In the other 10 patients, all teeth were supragingivally scaled and then treated by application of polymeric tetracycline HCl containing fibers, the whole dentition was subject to full mouth scaling and root planing, and the patients rinsed with 0.2% chlorhexidine (FT). A significant reduction in mean PPD was observed in all treated sites after two months. This reduction was maintained over the following 4 months. The magnitude of the effect was significantly greater in the FT group (1.74 mm) than in the LT group (0.88 mm). The mean attachment level changes were similar after 2 months in locally and fully treated subjects. A tendency of relapse was noted for treated sites in LT patients from month 2 to 6. A level of statistical significance was not reached for this effect. Data from measurements recorded at 6 sites around all teeth in the full mouth treated patients were analyzed using multiple linear regression. This analysis showed local changes in PPD and AL were significantly and strongly correlated with the baseline value of the respective parameter at the same site. In addition, more pocket depth reduction was noted if a site was not bleeding on probing at 6 months, if the location of a site was not approximal and if the tooth was not a second molar. Sites located on second molars showed also less AL gain than sites located on other teeth. Smokers showed significantly less reduction in PPD and significantly less AL gain. Furthermore, if subjects had a high % of pockets deeper than 4 mm at baseline they showed significantly less attachment gain.     

Blood gas and ventilatory parameters in predicting survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Blood gas analysis can be used to reliably predict outcome in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) both before and after surgical repair, providing these values are indexed to some measurement of alveolar ventilation. Until recently there has been difficulty in interpreting some of the published data because of differing sampling sites and the fact that ventilatory parameters, which have major influences on all blood gas values in this anomaly, were not included. Application of this information enables us to identify infants with similar degrees of severity of CDH in order to evaluate the efficacy of novel forms of therapy and to determine whether they represent a genuine advance in management where more conventional forms of treatment have failed.     

Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging via selective inversion recovery with short repetition times.

Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging (qMTI) methods are able to estimate fundamental sample parameters, such as the relative size of the solid-like macromolecular proton pool and the spin exchange rate between this pool and the directly measured free water protons. One such method is selective inversion recovery (SIR), in which the free water protons are selectively inverted and the signal is fit to a biexponential function of the inversion time (TI). SIR uses only low-power pulses and requires no separate RF (B1) or static field (B0) field maps, and the analysis is largely independent of the macromolecular pool lineshape. These are all advantages over steady-state off-resonance saturation qMTI methods. However, up to now, SIR has been implemented only with repetition times TR>T1. This paper describes a modification of SIR with smaller TR values and a greater signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency.     

Quantification of regional blood volumes by rapid T1 mapping

A new method is presentd for the quantitative determination of regional blood volumes in vivo. It is based on rapid quantitative T₁ mapping by Snapshot FLASH MRI combined with the injection of an intravascular MR contrast agent. Regional blood volumes in four different tissues of the rat (skeletal muscle, heart, liver, kidney) were determined in an In vivo experiment.     

Functional restoration in chronic low back pain

Conventional treatments have not slowed down the ever expanding low back pain (LBP) problem. Traditional treatment has most probably contributed to the growth of the problem. Therefore, in a search for new solutions, 'functional restoration' has been devised. In connection with chronic LBP the term has been associated with a full-day program lasting from 3 to 5 weeks. it includes multidisciplinary treatment of patients in groups with intensive physical and ergonomic training, psychological pain management, back school, as well as teaching in social/work related issues. The key concepts are 'acceptance of the pain', 'activity', 'self-responsibility', 'multidisciplinary' and 'quantitative functional evaluation (QFE)'. The latter is aimed so that the participants can feel the physical improvement, encouraging them to be able to go back to work, or at least to lead a more active life style. Several controlled studies suggest a lasting effect in terms of regaining their ability to work and improving pain behavior for a good part of disabled chronic LBP patients. However, it is noteworthy that randomized studies seemingly show poorer results than studies not employing randomized controls.     

Repeated quantitative bone scintigraphy in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with orchiectomy

Bone scintigraphy was performed in 16 men with newly diagnosed prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy as well as 2 weeks and 2 months after operation. The uptake in the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae was registered up to 240 min after injection of ^99mTc-MDP and was then calculated for each patient and vertebra. The relative standard deviation in measured uptake due to measuring technique was estimated to be±7%. In eight patients, who had normal bone scintigraphies before orchiectomy, there were no changes in the uptake values after operation. The remaining eight patients had widespread metastatic involvement prior to treatment. Six of these patients showed a so called flare phenomenon in the abnormal vertebrae which means an initial increase in uptake after operation followed by a decreased uptake in response to therapy. One patient had a continuously increased uptake in all the abnormal vertebrae which correlated well with the clinical progression of the disease, while in another patient both reactions were seen. Thus, repeated quantitative bone scintigraphies using ^99mTc-MDP can be made in a reproducible way and can be a useful tool to follow a patient's response to treatment.     

The Evaluation of Routine Andrological Parameters in Human Semen/Auswertung der Routine-Parameter der Andrologie am Sperma

A study was carried out to evaluate the andrological parameters in 540 human semen specimens divided into groups according to sperm counts. The parameters were: motility percentage and grade, percentage of viability and of morphologically normal sperm and immature cells. The Duncan multiple range test and the Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparison of ranks were used in the statistical analyses. Of particular interest, among other our findings, were the significant differences obtained by comparing the group with sperm counts up to 5 x 10(6) per ml semen and that with counts ranging from 5.1 to 10 x 10(6) per ml semen. This was true for all parameters with the exception of semen volume. Comparison of the oligozoospermic groups (up to 20 x 10(6)/ml) with those having higher sperm counts also showed significant differences. There was a trend towards improvement of the examined parameters with the increase in sperm density, but with a remarkable heterogeneity particularly within the oligozoospermic groups. In all groups motility, viability and morphological normality of sperm showed a positive correlation with each other. "Normal values" of the parameters studied could be derived from scatterplot charts over the entire range of sperm counts and from the statistical evaluation of the grouped material.     

11项心功能指标的计算方法及微机处理

本文用OMEGA 500型Υ相机和MCS 560计算系统,即SPECT,R波门控采集心血池图象,在此基础上进行曲线分析,编制BASIC程序计算11项心功能指标。临床应用结果表明:PFR、LVFF、FFR是舒张期功能的优选指标,其它指标对心功能评价也都有显著意义。