Effects of single oral doses of bisoprolol and atenolol on airway function in nonasthmatic chronic obstructive lung disease and angina pectoris

Summary A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover investigation in 12 patients with non-asthmatic chronic obstructive lung disease and co-existing stable angina pectoris was done to compare two ₁-selective adrenoceptor blocking agents, atenolol 100 mg and bisoprolol 20 mg. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR) as well as airway resistance (AWR, and less frequently forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and intrathoracic gas volume (ITGV) were measured in the sitting position before and at various times up to 24 h after drug intake.During the first 4 h both beta-blockers produced a significant reduction in HR in comparison to placebo (p<0.01). Atenolol 100 mg significantly increased AWR relative to placebo and bisoprolol (p<0.05). After 24 h, a significant reduction in HR (p<0.01) could only be demonstrated after bisoprolol, whereas atenolol alone led to a significant elevation in AWR relative to placebo and bisoprolol (p<0.05) at that time.It is concluded that bisoprolol appears to have a high degree of beta₁-selectivity, thus providing a wide split between beta₁- and beta₂-adrenoceptor blockade. Bisoprolol in its therapeutic dose range is expected to be relatively safe as regards bronchoconstriction in patients suffering both from hypertension and/or angina pectoris and chronic obstructive lung disease.     

Determination of free fractions of tricyclic antidepressants

Summary The plasma protein binding of amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, and their primary demethylated metabolites were studied by means of a method combining dialysis and gas chromatography. Equilibrium in dialysis of serum containing amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline was attained in about 0.5 h with the drug dissolved in the serum compartment, and in about 2 h with the drug passing from the buffer to the serum compartment.The calculation of free fractions was influenced by variations with dialysis time in the volumes of serum and buffer. Increase of pH in serum increased the protein binding of the weakly basic drugs studied, and made the Donnan distribution effects more pronounced. At pH 7.4, the Donnan effect was negligible.Binding parameters for the 6 tricyclic antidepressant substances studied were estimated for the binding to ₁-acid glycoprotein and for total binding in serum. For ₁-acid glycoprotein, the k-values ranged from 1·10⁵ to 8·10⁵ M^–1, and for pooled serum from 0.4·10⁵ to 8·10⁵ M^–1. The determined number of binding sites on the ₁-acid glycoprotein was, on average 0.87 for the 6 substances. In serum, the binding capacity was 2–14 times the concentration of ₁-acid glycoprotein.     

Direct quantitation of antiseptic quaternary ammonium compounds by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry

The medicinally important quaternary ammonium salts benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (BDTA), cetylpyridinium chloride and benzethonium chloride, all afford, under fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric conditions, abundant and persistent [M---Cl]⁺ species usefully amenable to quantitative analysis with the aid of thioglycerol as a liquid FAB matrix. The use of BDTA as an internal standard allowed a direct, precise and accurate determination of cetylpyridinium and benzethonium chlorides, either as pure samples or in dosage forms, in the concentration range 0.05–2 mg/ml.     

定量脑电图在新生儿脑功能研究中的应用

在对脑功能的研究中原始常规脑电图结果的解读专业性强,易受个人主观因素的影响,在临床和科研应用中具有一定的局限性。定量脑电图(qEEG)的出现对脑功能的研究有了质的飞跃,它是原始脑电图的延伸,除了具有客观、及时、无创和可动态随访等优点,更大优势是能用定量的方法反映脑能量大小和脑功能状态,可作为临床脑功能、脑损伤研究的重要方法。近年来,有很多学者用定量脑电图技术研究脑疾病,并取得了一定的进展,该文对这种技术在新生儿脑功能研究的进展进行综述。     

Combination of Quantitative Computed Tomography and Blood Biochemistry for Evaluating the Relationship Between Nutrition and Bone Mineral Density in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

PurposeTo investigate the effect of nutritional factors on bone mineral density (BMD) using quantitative computed tomography combined with blood biochemistry in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).MethodsSixty patients on MHD were divided into osteopenia (n = 20) and nonosteopenia (n = 40) groups. BMD, fat, and muscle mass were measured by quantitative computed tomography. The calcification of coronary artery and hilar lymph node and computed tomography attenuation values of the liver and spleen were also analyzed. Differences between the two groups were compared, and the risk factors for osteopenia were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsPatients in the osteopenia group had lower albumin levels than those in the nonosteopenia group (37.84 ± 3.00 vs 42.03 ± 4.05 g/L; P < .001). Logistic regression showed that patients with lower albumin levels had a higher risk of osteopenia (odds ratio, 1.462; 95% confidence interval, 1.313–1.801; P = .003). BMD was negatively correlated with fat mass (r = ?0.365, P = .004) and positively correlated with the ratio of muscle mass to fat mass (r = 0.431, P = .001). There was no significant difference in the rate of calcification of coronary artery or hilar lymph nodes between the two groups. Computed tomography values of the liver and spleen were positively correlated with the duration of dialysis (r = 0.55, P = .001; r = 0.42, P < .001, respectively).ConclusionLow albumin levels are associated with an increased risk of osteopenia in patients on MHD. Abdominal fat is a risk factor for reduction in BMD in MHD patients, and the ratio of abdominal muscle mass to fat mass is a protective factor for BMD.     

129例生殖道人乳头瘤病毒感染的分型

目的 了解女性生殖道人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的型别组成。方法 用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）对129例已确诊为HPV感染的门诊标本进行HPV6、11型和HPV16、18型的分型检测。结果 在129例标本中检出阳性126例,阳性检出率为97.7%。其中单独HPV6、11型阳性69例,占53.5%;单独HPV16、18型阳性14例,占10.9%;HPV6、11和HPV16、18型同时阳性43例,占33.3%;HPV6、11和HPV16、18型同时阴性3例。结论 在女性生殖道HPV感染中HPV6、11、16、18占绝对优势。     

骨显像定量分析对骨组织单发性病灶良恶性鉴别诊断

目的 :探讨延迟局部骨显像定量分析 ,即TF比值的测定对骨单发性病灶良恶性鉴别诊断的临床意义。方法 :共 45例病人 ,分为 3组 ,即多发性骨转移癌组 (A组 ,12例 )、单发性病灶恶变组 (B组 ,15例 )和单发性病灶良性组 (C组 ,18例 )。在常规的全身骨显像基础上进行早期 (3～ 4h)和延迟 (2 4h)的局部静态骨显像 ,然后求出病灶区 (L)和正常区 (N)的放射性计数。结果 :①A组、B组和C组的TF比值分别为 :1 488± 0 .338、1 384± 0 .2 2 3和1.174± 0 .2 11;A组与B组的TF比值差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,C组的TF比值比A组及B组皆要低 ,且差异显著(P <0 .0 1)。②若以A组TF比值的 x -s即 1.15作为骨单发病灶恶变的诊断阈值 ,则其灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别是 93.3%、72 .2 %和 81.8%。结论 :延迟局部骨显像定量分析 (TF比值的测定 )对骨单发性病灶良恶性的鉴别诊断有较大的临床应用价值。     

荧光定量PCR技术在检测HCV—RNA中的应用

目的 评价荧光定量ＰＣＲ技术测定ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ水平的价值,探讨ＰＢＭＣ中检出ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的意义。方法 采用荧光定量ＫＲ及ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术同时检测８７例血液透析患者的血清和淋巴细胞中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ。结果血清、淋巴细胞中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的荧光定量ＰＣＲ检出率（４９．４％、６９．０％）,分别高于相应标本中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ阳性率（３３．３％、３５．６％）（Ｐ ＜０．０５）。血清、淋巴细胞中同时检出ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的一致率,荧光定量ＰＣＲ法（３１．０％）显著高于ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ定性法（６．９％）（Ｐ＜０．００１）． 荧光定量ＰＣＲ法,淋巴细胞中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ检出率高于血清（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论 与 ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ相比,荧光定量ＰＣＲ技术检测 ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ敏感性较高,对ＰＢＭＣ内ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ检测有利于提高ＨＣＶ检测的阳性率。     

MNNG诱发大鼠腺胃粘膜不典型增生与 高分化腺癌形态定量分析

目的探寻大鼠腺胃粘膜不典型增生与高分化腺癌的形态定量参数指标,探讨大鼠实验性胃癌与人类胃癌形态定量指标的异同性。方法利用HPIAS-1000型图象分析系统对以MNNG诱发的大鼠腺胃粘膜不典型增生及高分化腺癌进行形态定量研究。结果大鼠腺胃粘膜不典型增生与高分化腺癌8项形态定量参数指标经统计学处理比较,其中核面积、核周长、核等效直径、核体积、核长径,核形状因子8项形态定量指标（P<0.01）有高度显著性差异,而核短径和核长短径比值（P>0.05）无显著性差异。结论这些形态定量参数指标对区别大鼠腺胃粘膜不典型增生与高分化腺癌有一定价值,形态定量参数指标也是随着癌前病变、癌的顺序逐渐递增;大鼠腺胃粘膜上皮癌变与人类胃粘膜上皮癌变有着相似的形态学变化过程。     

Co-administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza and verapamil inhibits detrimental effects of torsion/detorsion on testicular tissue in rats

Testicular torsion/detorsion is one of the important emergencies that requires fast surgical intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza hydroalcoholic extract combined with verapamil on testicular ischaemia/reperfusion damage in Wistar albino rats. All animals were distributed in 3 groups (n = 8), including the sham-operated group, torsion/detorsion (TD) group and torsion/detorsion + pretreatment with 200 mg/kg Salvia miltiorrhiza extract combined with 0.3 mg/kg verapamil (SMV) group. Oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, GPx, CAT and TAC) both in plasma and testicular tissue, sperm parameters (motility, vitality, concentration and morphology) and histopathological parameters (MSTD, GECT, Johnson's score, Cosentino's score and testicular cell thickness) were assessed in all groups. Ischaemia/reperfusion significantly increased MDA and decreased GPx, CAT and TAC levels (p < .05). Pretreatment with SMV significantly increased GPx, CAT and TAC levels (p < .05). SMV group increased progressive sperm motility and vitality and reduced non-progressive motility of spermatozoon (p < .05). Testicular torsion significantly decreased all histopathological parameters compared to the sham group (p < .05). SMV pretreatment remarkably increased MSTD, GECT and Cosentino's score in comparison with the TD group (p < .05). A combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza with verapamil could reduce damages triggered by testicular torsion detorsion and improve sperm functionality parameters and oxidative stress defence systems.