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目的 通过对1139条下肢深静脉顺行造影结果分析，了解各种下肢静脉疾病所占的比例。方法 1993年3月至2001年1月，共行下肢静脉顺行造影1113例共1139条肢体。结果 原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全723条下肢（63．47％），其中双股静脉畸形的原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全38条（3．34％）；深静脉血栓后遗症209条（18．35％）；单纯性大隐静脉曲张199条（17．47％）；先天性无瓣膜症4条（0．35％）；先天性静脉畸形骨肥大综合征4条（0．35％）。结论 下肢深静脉造影是下肢静脉疾病诊断和鉴别诊断的最可靠方法，为下肢静脉疾病的治疗提供了可靠的依据。     

An internet atlas of mouse development

A prototype two- and three-dimensional color atlas of mouse development is described. The prototype has been developed using two embryos, a 13.5 d normal mouse embryo and a PATCH mutant embryo of the same age. Serial sections of the embryos, with an external registration marker system, introduced into the paraffin embedding process, were prepared by standard histological methods. For the 2D atlas, color images were digitized from 100 consecutive sections of the normal embryo. For the 3D atlas, 300 gray scale images digitized from the mutant embryo were conformally warped and reconstructed into a 3D volume dataset. The external fiducial system facilitated the three-dimensional reconstruction by providing accurate registration of consecutive images and also allowed for precise spatial calibration and the correction for warping artifacts. The atlases, with their associated anatomical knowledge base, will be integrated into a multimedia on-line information resource via the Internet's World Wide Web (WWW) using an enhanced (patent pending, Eòlas Technologies) version of the Mosaic WWW browser program from the National Center for Supercomputer Applications. These programs will provide research biologists with a set of advanced tools to analyze normal and abnormal development.     

Investigation of High‐Speed Erythrocyte Flow and Erythrocyte‐Wall Impact in a Lab‐on‐a‐Chip

To better understand erythrocyte high‐speed motion, collision characteristics, and collision‐induced hemolysis probability in rotary blood pumps, a visual experimental investigation of high‐speed erythrocyte flow and erythrocyte‐wall collision in a lab‐on‐a‐chip was performed. The erythrocyte suspension was driven by a microsyringe pump connected to the microchip, and the erythrocyte flow and erythrocyte‐wall impact process were observed and imaged by an optical microscope and a high‐speed camera. Two types of microchips with different impact surfaces (flat and curved) were employed. The motion and deformation features before and after collision were studied in detail. The results show that erythrocytes not only move along the flow direction in the flow plane but also rotate and roll in three‐dimensional space. Erythrocytes keep discoid shape during the movement in the straight channel, but their deformations during collision are mainly classified into two types: erythrocyte structure is still stable and the erythrocyte performance can be ensured to a certain extent in the TypeA deformation, while the TypeB deformation makes the membrane more likely to fracture on the stretched side, increasing the probability of hemolysis. Furthermore, the movements and deformations of the erythrocytes after collision are analyzed and classified into two types: bouncing and slipping. Moreover, a simulation method for the flow in microchip was performed and validated through a comparison of the streamlines and experimental erythrocytes tracks, which can be further employed to predict the high‐speed blood flow, associated with collision process in mechanical blood pump.     

Quantification and visualization of alveolar bone resorption from 3D dental CT images

Purpose A computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for quantifying and visualizing alveolar bone resorption caused by periodontitis was developed based on three-dimensional (3D) image processing of dental CT images. Methods The proposed system enables visualization and quantification of resorption of alveolar bone surrounding and between the roots of teeth. It has the following functions: (1) vertical measurement of the depth of resorption surrounding the tooth in 3D images, avoiding physical obstruction; (2) quantification of the amount of resorption in the furcation area; and (3) visualization of quantification results by pseudo-color maps, graphs, and motion pictures. The resorption measurement accuracy in the area surrounding teeth was evaluated by comparing with dentist’s recognition on five real patient CT images, giving average absolute difference of 0.87 mm. An artificial image with mathematical truth was also used for measurement evaluation. Results The average absolute difference was 0.36 and 0.10 mm for surrounding and furcation areas, respectively. The system provides an intuitive presentation of the measurement results. Conclusion Computer aided diagnosis of 3D dental CT scans is feasible and the technique is a promising new tool for the quantitative evaluation of periodontal bone loss.     

Role of upregulated miR-136-5p in lung adenocarcinoma: A study of 1242 samples utilizing bioinformatics analysis

Background

It is generally acknowledged that miRNAs play pivotal roles in the initiation and development of cancer. The aim of the current study is to investigate the clinicopathological role of miR-136-5p in lung adenocarcinoma and its underlying molecular mechanism.

Investigation of miR-136-5p key target genes and pathways in lung squamous cell cancer based on TCGA database and bioinformatics analysis

Background

Lung squamous cell cancer (LUSC) is a common but challenging malignancy. It is important to illuminate the molecular mechanism of LUSC. Thus, we aim to explore the molecular mechanism of miR-136-5p in relation to LUSC.

基于CiteSpace软件的国内近15年慢性稳定性心绞痛研究的文献计量及可视化分析

目的对国内近15年的慢性稳定性心绞痛相关研究进行文献计量、共现分析、聚类分析及可视化分析,探索研究现状、热点及趋势。方法以CNKI为文献来源,检索2004~2018年慢性稳定性心绞痛的相关研究。运用CiteSpace软件以作者、机构、关键词作为节点进行共现分析,并对关键词进行聚类分析、时间演化分析和Burst分析,绘制对应的可视化图谱并进行解析。结果共检索到相关文献4 329篇。分析结果显示,近年来慢性稳定性心绞痛的研究热度稳步发展,贡献较为突出的是以杨关林为代表的辽宁中医药大学及其附属医院。研究热点与前沿主要集中在心绞痛、冠心病、曲美他嗪、临床研究等方面。结论运用CiteSpace软件对国内慢性稳定性心绞痛近15年的研究进行分析,较直观地展现了慢性稳定性心绞痛的研究概况,初步揭示了可合作的研究者及机构,对其研究热点、前沿及研究趋势形成了大致认识,为本病以后的研究发展方向提供了参考。     

基于VTK的肱骨薄层断面三维可视化重建研究

目的通过使用可视化工具包VTK的二维轮廓线的表面重建算法,在VC 的编译环境下实现对人体薄层断面中肱骨的三维表面重建。方法应用数字化可视人体数据获取技术,对双侧肱骨进行计算机三维重建及立体显示。结果重建出双侧肱骨的大、小结节,大、小结节嵴,桡神经沟,尺神经沟,肱骨小头,肱骨滑车,冠突窝,桡窝,鹰嘴窝,内、外上髁等结构的三维立体图像,可以任意角度和比例大小对它们进行观察,清楚地显示了它们在空间上的位置关系。结论本研究以中国可视化人体数据集和VTK为基础,实现了对人体肱骨的3D可视化重建,为进一步深入研究和实现更多人体解剖结构可视化以及科学计算提供支持,也为解剖教学展示提供参考。     

基于Visualization Toolkit的脑模型三维重建方法研究

目的利用可视化工具包VisualizationToolkit(VTK)结合VC++实现医学图像三维可视化。方法基于头部CT测量数据,采用MarchingCubes算法和Raycasting算法重建出头模型的表皮和颅骨。结果和结论VTK使用灵活,功能强大,利用它进行图像重建,具有重建步骤简单、效果好、速度快、交互能力强等优点,可以被广泛应用于医学图像的重建中。     

A detailed 3D model of the guinea pig cochlea

Several partial models of cochlear subparts are available. However, a complete 3D model of an intact cochlea based on actual histological sections has not been reported. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop a novel 3D model of the guinea pig cochlea and conduct post-processes on this reconstructed model. We used a combination of histochemical processing and the method of acquiring section data from the visible human project (VHP) to obtain a set of ideal raw images of cochlear sections. After semi-automatic registration and accurate manual segmentation with professional image processing software, one set of aligned data and six sets of segmented data were generated. Finally, the segmented structures were reconstructed by 3D Slicer (a professional imaging process and analysis tool). Further, post-processes including 3D visualization and a virtual endoscope were completed to improve visualization and simulate the course of the cochlear implant through the scala tympani. The 3D cochlea model contains the main six structures: (1) the inner wall, (2) modiolus and spiral lamina, (3) cochlea nerve and spiral ganglion, (4) spiral ligament and inferior wall of cochlear duct, (5) Reissner’s membrane and (6) tectorial membrane. Based on the results, we concluded that ideal raw images of cochlear sections can be acquired by combining the processes of conventional histochemistry and photographing while slicing. After several vital image processing and analysis steps, this could further generate a vivid 3D model of the intact cochlea complete with internal details. This novel 3D model has great potential in teaching, basic medical research and in several clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.