Genome-wide association study of blood pressure response to methylphenidate treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Objective

We conducted a genome-wide association study of blood pressure in an open-label study of the methylphenidate transdermal system (MTS) for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method

Genotyping was conducted with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. Multivariate association analyses were conducted using the software package PLINK. After data cleaning and quality control we tested 316,934 SNPs in 140 children with ADHD.

Results

We observed no genome-wide statistically significant findings, but a SNP in a K⁺-dependent Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger expressed in vascular smooth muscle (SLC24A3) was included in our top associations at p < 1E-04. Genetic enrichment analyses of genes with ≥ 1 SNP significant at p < 0.01, implicated several functional categories (FERM domain, p = 5.0E-07; immunoglobulin domain, p = 8.1E-06; the transmembrane region, p = 4.4E-05; channel activity, p = 2.0E-04; and type-III fibronectins, p = 2.7E-05) harboring genes previously associated with related cardiovascular phenotypes.

Conclusions

The hypothesis generating results from this study suggests that polymorphisms in several genes consistently associated with cardiovascular diseases may impact changes in blood pressure observed with methylphenidate pharmacotherapy in children with ADHD.     

人体皮肤微血管构筑的三维可视化*

背景：常用的血管解剖学研究方法如逐层解剖、血管染色、造影摄片可以确定血管的位置、大至供血范围等,但难以显示皮肤微血管立体构筑。 目的：建立三维的皮肤微血管构筑模型,以评估和设计穿支皮瓣。 方法：选取2具新鲜成人尸体标本,以羧甲基纤维素明胶氧化铅灌注标识血管,CT扫描获取标本灌注前后及剥离皮肤序列图像数据,利用Mimics13.1软件进行皮肤微血管三维重建和穿支皮瓣设计。 结果与结论：实验成功重建了骨骼、血管、皮肤三维数字模型,并选择性设计了旋股外侧动脉皮瓣和旋肱后动脉的主要穿支皮瓣。构建的皮肤微血管模型不仅可显示皮穿支的长度管径、立体位置、走行方向、分布范围、毗邻关系,还可追踪其来源血管,与来源血管、骨骼、皮肤等搭配显示。说明皮肤微血管构筑可揭示穿支皮瓣的范围和扩张方向,有利于穿支皮瓣的设计发掘、血供评估。     

Optimizing needle tip visualization during out-of-plane ultrasonography: A novel technique

Ultrasound-guided interventions are rapidly growing area in pain medicine. We developed a novel “underhand” technique aimed to improve upon the “freehand technique”. With the operator's hand stabilization, precise movements of the transducer are easier to perform that can improve visualization of the needle and targeted anatomical structures. Similar to the classical technique hydrolocalization can be used incrementally during the needle advancement to the target structure. Both the wrist up and the wrist down underhand approaches are described and provide the patient and physician comfort with superior needle visualization that can improve injection accuracy. This novel underhand out-of-plane technique may serve as a convenient and precise method to carry out ultrasound-guided interventions when the classical freehand technique may be challenging to perform.     

嬗变进程中的我国彝族医药研究现状分析与发展展望＊

目的 采用可视化分析对彝族医药的研究情况进行回顾性总结，并阐释彝族医药传承与发展现状。方法 本文综合传统文献研究法、信息学方法与田野调查，从学术文献发表、古籍整理与现代书籍出版、政策扶持与学科建设、传承保护等多个角度，对彝族医药研究发展现状进行了归纳。结果 目前，彝族医药在中医药现代化大背景下稳步发展，具体表现为文献发表量逐年增长、古籍整理日益完善、学科建设继续加强、传承保护受到重视等方面。但也存在体系不完善、人才缺乏、知名度不高、资源整合度较低、研究层次尚浅等明显问题。结论 未来，加大挖掘整理及发扬发展彝族医药力度，重视人才培养，加强深层次的研究和探讨，尤其是亟需强化应用型研究，使彝医药真正走上产业化发展的快速通道，是彝医药现代化的必经之路。     

基于中国知网数据库（1978-2020年）中药鲜药鲜用研究的知识图谱及数据可视化分析＊

目的 总结中国知网（CNKI）数据库中有关中药鲜药鲜用的文献特征，通过对相关文献进行计量学研究、可视化分析，从而探究中药鲜药鲜用的研究热点以及发展趋势，为该领域深入研究提供借鉴和参考。方法 以CNKI数据库为数据源，应用文献计量学方法，并借助CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件，对1978-2020年中药鲜药鲜用相关研究的年度发文情况、基金项目、期刊分布、高被引文献、核心机构网络、关键词等进行分析。结果 截止2020年12月31日，共检索到有效文献163篇，年度发文数量整体呈逐年上升趋势；有关“中药鲜药”相关研究的政府科技计划项目主要为国家自然科学基金的支持；发文量最高的期刊为《时珍国医国药》，被引频次最高的期刊为《中国中药杂志》；但发表论文在机构合作方面合作密度较低，缺少跨区域的合作；研究内容主要集中在鲜药的动物鲜药、临床功效、保鲜技术、化学物质组成四个领域。结论 目前，中药鲜药的研究已经开始引起学者的广泛关注，但我国对于中药鲜药的研究依旧任重而道远，亟需加强跨机构、跨区域的多元化科研合作，关注该领域研究热点，提升研究质量，充分发挥中药鲜药防病治病的独特优势和作用。该研究与分析对扩大鲜药的临床应用及新型饮片和制剂开发研究具有一定的指导意义。     

The Cognitive Science of Visual‐Spatial Displays: Implications for Design

This paper reviews cognitive science perspectives on the design of visual‐spatial displays and introduces the other papers in this topic. It begins by classifying different types of visual‐spatial displays, followed by a discussion of ways in which visual‐spatial displays augment cognition and an overview of the perceptual and cognitive processes involved in using displays. The paper then argues for the importance of cognitive science methods to the design of visual displays and reviews some of the main principles of display design that have emerged from these approaches to date. Cognitive scientists have had good success in characterizing the performance of well‐defined tasks with relatively simple visual displays, but many challenges remain in understanding the use of complex displays for ill‐defined tasks. Current research exemplified by the papers in this topic extends empirical approaches to new displays and domains, informs the development of general principles of graphic design, and addresses current challenges in display design raised by the recent explosion in availability of complex data sets and new technologies for visualizing and interacting with these data.     

急性冠脉综合征患者介入术后可视化血液流变性与血小板功能的相关性分析

 目的:应用可视化血液流变性检测仪（MC-FAN）并结合血小板功能指标的检测,观察急性冠脉综合征(ACS)介入术后患者血液流变性的变化特点,并探讨患者血液流变性可视化结果与血小板功能指标的相关性。方法:纳入74例ACS介入术后1～3年的患者,21例健康者为健康对照组,应用MC-FAN检测2组人群的血液通过模拟人体毛细血管的时间（MC-FAN TT）和比较不同时段的结果,同时检测血小板聚集性、血小板黏附性、血小板P-选择素、血小板衍生生长因子BB和血管假性血友病因子指标,观察ACS介入术后患者的MC-FAN 结果与血小板功能的相关性。结果:与健康对照组相比,ACS介入术后患者的血流MC-FAN TT延长(P<0.01),红细胞变形能力减弱,白细胞附壁及血小板的黏附、聚集相对增多;ACS介入术后患者的血小板最大聚集率、血小板黏附率、血小板P-选择素水平及血小板衍生生长因子BB水平均高于健康对照组（P<0.01）;2组间血管假性血友病因子差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。组内相关性分析显示：MC-FAN TT与血小板功能存在相关性,其中10 μL MC-FAN TT和30 μL MC-FAN TT与P-选择素呈正相关（r=0.601,P<0.01;r=0.334,P<0.01）;60 μL MC-FAN TT与血小板最大聚集率呈正相关（r=0.527,P<0.01）;100 μL MC-FAN TT与血小板黏附率呈正相关（r=0.815,P<005）。结论:ACS介入术后患者的可视化血液流变性及血小板功能异常,MC-FAN TT与血小板功能存在相关性,MC-FAN检测仪可客观地评价介入术后患者血液流动的状态。     

质子泵抑制剂对老年人磁控胶囊胃镜图像质量的影响

目的探讨应用质子泵抑制剂对老年人磁控胶囊胃镜（MCE）图像质量的影响。 方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年4月北京大学第一医院接受MCE检查的老年患者（≥60岁）临床资料,根据是否应用质子泵抑制剂分为2组,比较2组的胃视野清洁度、黏膜可视度、疾病检出率及不良反应事件情况。采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较MCE胃视野清洁度和黏膜可视度积分的组间差异,采用χ²检验或Fisher精确检验比较2组患者疾病检出率的差异。 结果共纳入93例患者[男性70例,中位年龄75.0（60~93）岁],未应用质子泵抑制剂组（N组）54例;应用质子泵抑制剂组（P组）39例。N组胃总体视野清洁度评分高于P组[22.0（6.0,23.0）分vs 19.5（11.0,23.0）分],差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.186,P<0.001）。N组胃总体黏膜可视度评分高于P组[18.0（6.0,18.0）分vs 17.0（11.0,18.0）分],差异具有统计学意义（Z=-2.158,P=0.031）。N组患者的整体胃视野好于P组,尤其是胃底、胃体部视野更清晰。N组和P组胃部病变总检出率比较（57.4% vs 51.3%）,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.343,P=0.558）。2组均未发生不良反应及胶囊滞留。 结论对于老年人群,应用质子泵抑制剂虽会影响MCE视野,但不影响病变检出率,MCE对老年人群是安全的检查选择。     

糖尿病远程医学管理应用的研究热点与趋势

目的：分析远程医学在糖尿病管理中应用的现状、研究热点及发展趋势,为我国进行糖尿病远程医学管理研究提供参考。方法：将检索获得的文献题录信息导入CiteSpace,对被引期刊、发文机构、作者和研究热点进行共现分析,并将结果可视化。结果：所分析的文献中引用次数最多的期刊为Diabetes Care,发文作者可大致分为3个合作群,发文机构多为具备较强实力的高校,研究热点经历了从互联网到远程监测再到糖尿病教育等3次变迁。结论：研究人员和研究机构之间需进行广泛的合作交流,远程监测、家庭远程护理和糖尿病教育是近年来具有代表性的研究热点,利用远程医学技术提高患者自我管理水平仍将是未来的研究趋势。     

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Treatment options, image visualizations and follow-up procedures

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common vascular disease that affects elderly population. Open surgical repair is regarded as the gold standard technique for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm, however, endovascular aneurysm repair has rapidly expanded since its first introduction in 1990s. As a less invasive technique, endovascular aneurysm repair has been confirmed to be an effective alternative to open surgical repair, especially in patients with co-morbid conditions. Computed tomography (CT) angiography is currently the preferred imaging modality for both preoperative planning and post-operative follow-up. 2D CT images are complemented by a number of 3D reconstructions which enhance the diagnostic applications of CT angiography in both planning and follow-up of endovascular repair. CT has the disadvantage of high cummulative radiation dose, of particular concern in younger patients, since patients require regular imaging follow-ups after endovascular repair, thus, exposing patients to repeated radiation exposure for life. There is a trend to change from CT to ultrasound surveillance of endovascular aneurysm repair. Medical image visualizations demonstrate excellent morphological assessment of aneurysm and stent-grafts, but fail to provide hemodynamic changes caused by the complex stent-graft device that is implanted into the aorta. This article reviews the treatment options of abdominal aortic aneurysm, various image visualization tools, and follow-up procedures with use of different modalities including both imaging and computational fluid dynamics methods. Future directions to improve treatment outcomes in the follow-up of endovascular aneurysm repair are outlined.