The development and evaluation of Student Training, Education and Practice for Dietetics CD-ROM: a computer-assisted instruction programme for dietetic students

The Student Training, Education and Practice for Dietetics (STEP‐DIET) CD‐ROM was developed at the University of Surrey to prepare dietetic students for the practical dietetic training component of their Nutrition/Dietetics degree. This study aimed to evaluate student response to the programme and its effectiveness as a teaching tool, based on the evaluation framework of D.L. Kirkpatrick (Evaluating a Course, 2nd edn. London, Kogan Page). Quantitative and qualitative methodologies were employed, with 41 dietetic students, separated by year group, completing questionnaires and taking part in six focus groups, at the University of Surrey. Student attitudes towards the instruction method and the STEP‐DIET programme itself were investigated, in conjunction with their perceived learning achievements. Students rated the programme highly in terms of design and content, however, there was a reluctance to accept computer‐assisted instruction (CAI) as a sole teaching method. A number of learning achievements relevant to dietetic practice were reported including a perceived increase in ability to conduct a dietetic interview and an increased understanding of the management of Type 2 diabetes. In general students reacted positively to the STEP‐DIET programme and it was perceived by students to be effective in preparing them for the practical component of their dietetic training.     

间歇性低氧训练对男子赛艇运动员大负荷训练期间生理机能的影响

目的:探讨在大负荷训练期间进行间歇性低氧训练对男子赛艇运动员生理机能的影响。方法:12名男子赛艇运动员分成低氧组和对照组,低氧组在赛前大负荷训练期间进行为期4周、每周5天、每天1小时的间歇性低氧训练,其余日常训练两组相同。实验期间每周测试运动员的睡眠质量、耐缺氧能力以及血红蛋白、血尿素、肌酸激酶等指标。结果:4周间歇性低氧训练后,低氧组运动员血红蛋白含量显著高于对照组,血尿素水平和肌酸激酶活性显著低于对照组;低氧组在耐缺氧实验中血氧饱和度显著高于对照组,心率显著低于对照组;低氧组睡眠质量指标得分显著低于对照组。结论:间歇性低氧训练可以提高男子赛艇运动员大负荷训练期间的耐缺氧能力,改善睡眠质量,间接促进机体在承受大负荷训练负荷时的恢复能力。     

不同强度运动后大鼠心肌细胞热休克蛋白72mRNA的表达

目的 :探讨不同运动强度和持续时间运动对大鼠心肌细胞热休克蛋白 72mRNA表达的影响。方法 :分别使SD大鼠进行低强度 (6 0 %VO2 max)、中等强度 (75 %VO2 max)和高强度 (85 %VO2 max)跑台运动 1天、2天和 3天 ,在末次运动结束后 2 4小时以RT -PCR法检测大鼠心肌细胞热休克蛋白 72mRNA的表达。结果 :在安静情况下大鼠心肌细胞存在HSP72mRNA的基础结构性表达 ;低强度运动 1天后心肌细胞HSP72mRNA表达与对照组相比无显著性差异 ,但随着运动时间的延长 ,HSP72mRNA表达逐渐增加 ;中等强度运动后心肌细胞HSP72mRNA表达随运动持续时间的延长显著增加 ,但运动 2天和 3天组表达量无显著性差异 ;大强度运动后心肌细胞HSP72mRNA表达随运动持续时间的延长显著增加。结论 :运动可以造成心肌细胞HSP72mRNA的表达增加 ,不同强度运动诱导心肌细胞HSP 72mRNA表达程度不同 ,且与运动持续时间存在内在关系。     

Changes in muscle morphology in dialysis patients after 6 months of aerobic exercise training.

BACKGROUND: In the present study we investigated the effect of a 6-month aerobic exercise programme on the morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. METHODS: Twenty-four ESRD patients volunteered to participate in the training programme and underwent muscle biopsy before training. Eighteen patients completed the training programme of whom nine agreed to a post-training biopsy (one woman and eight men, mean age 56 +/- 15 years). Data are presented for the nine subjects who were biopsied before (PRE) and after training (POST) and separately for the 15 subjects for whom we only have a biopsy before training (cross-sectional group). RESULTS: There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in fibre type distribution or myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression between the cross-sectional and PRE/POST groups. The mean cross-section fibre area after training (POST) increased by 46% compared with the PRE training status (P < 0.01). The proportion of atrophic fibres decreased significantly after training in type I, IIa and IIx fibre populations (from 51 to 15%, 58 to 21% and 62 to 32%, respectively). Significant differences were also found in capillary contact per fibre (CC/F), with the muscle having 24% (P < 0.05) more CC/F compared with the PRE training status. No significant differences in cytochrome c oxidase concentration were found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, exercise appeared to be beneficial in renal rehabilitation by correcting the fibre atrophy, increasing the cross-section fibre area and improving the capillarization in the skeletal muscle of renal failure patients.     

Allergic contact dermatitis from grasses

This study attempts to demonstrate the existence of allergic contact dermatitis from grass, and to develop a patch test series to screen patients with grass intolerance. 6 common grass species from lawns and military training areas were collected. Solvent extracts of polar. non-polar and volatile fractions were prepared and used for patch testing in 20 control subjects and 46 patients with a history of grass intolerance. The 20 control had negative responses to patch testing. 5 out of 46 patients had positive patch tests to Axonopus compressus (carpet grass). Ischaenmum muticum (sea-shore centipede grass). Imperata evlindrica (lalang). Panicum maximum (Guinea grass) and Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass). Reactions to the non-polar fraction for all 5 species were noted. This study demonstrates the existence of allergic contact dermatitis from various common species of grass. In our series, this is seen in 11% of those with a history of grass intolerance.     

新兵基础训练期间过劳性损伤的前瞻性研究

目的：查明我军基础训练中过劳性损伤的发病情况及分布特征。     

Improvement of heat－tolerance by training Ⅱ．Evaluation of effects of cross－country race and heat－bath training on heat－tolera

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Tension neck and evaluation of a physical training course among office workers in a bank corporation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a physical training course in a group of patients (n=74) suffering from chronic tension neck. All participants in the course were employed by a bank corporation in Helsinki, Finland. A comparable control group (n=77) consisted of office workers with tension neck from the same bank corporation who did not attend any training course. The outcome was analysed 6 months after the course. Pain and disability in the neck and shoulder region did not vary significantly between the group which participated in the training course and the control group. The experimental group had increased the amount of physical workout compared to the control group (83.7% vs 69.0%, P = 0.0448). Also, regarding the frequency of relaxation and stretching exercises the two groups differed significantly: the experimental group had continued to perform exercises more often (P= 0.0434). The frequency of sick leave days did not significantly differ between the groups, but the office workers in the experimental group had more periods of extended sick leave (> 10 days) and the controls had more frequent short sick leaves. The experimental group did increase their physical workout significantly compared with the controls, but no differences were detected regarding pain and disability. In order to gain more benefit more attention should be paid to the educational part of the training courses in order to enhance the patients'self-care abilities. Also, strategies to alleviate psychosocial problems and organized relaxation exercises could decrease muscle tension in the neck in office workers.     

广西射击运动员血清脂质水平分析

目的：了解射击运动员高脂血症的发生情况和可能的引发因素，为预防高脂血症提供依据。方法：对从事专业训练半年以上，无急慢性疾病的53名省级优秀射击运动员进行膳食调查和血清脂质水平检测。结果：运动员的高脂血症检出率为28．3％，全部为高甘油三脂血症；膳食中 运动员除了摄入维生素B1、B2不足和维生素A缺乏外，其他各类营养素基本能满足机体需要，属基本合理膳食。结论：以抗阻训练和静力运动为运动特征的射击运动，可能会对机体血脂代谢产生不利的影响。