甘蔗烷醇纯化工艺研究

目的:研究甘蔗烷醇有效部位的纯化工艺方法。方法:采用正交试验设计方法,对酸度、脱色、干燥工艺参数进行考察。结果:硫酸溶液调溶液pH值至3～4,1/8倍量活性炭脱色,乙醇溶解过滤,收集析出物即得。结论:甘蔗烷醇纯化工艺可行性良好。     

Remote microphone systems for preschool-age children who are hard of hearing: access and utilization

Objectives: Children who are hard of hearing (CHH) have restricted access to auditory-linguistic information. Remote-microphone (RM) systems reduce the negative consequences of limited auditory access. The purpose of this study was to characterise receipt and use of RM systems in young CHH in home and school settings.

Design: Through a combination of parent, teacher, and audiologist report, we identified children who received RM systems for home and/or school use by 4?years of age or younger. With cross-sectional surveys, parents estimated the amount of time the child used RM systems at home and school per day.

Study Sample: The participants included 217 CHH.

Results: Thirty-six percent of the children had personal RMs for home use and 50% had RM systems for school. Approximately, half of the parents reported that their children used RM systems for home use for 1–2?hours per use and RM systems for school use for 2-4?hours per day.

Conclusions: Results indicated that the majority of the CHH in the current study did not receive RM systems for home use in early childhood, but half had access to RM technology in the educational setting. High-quality research studies are needed to determine ways in which RM systems benefit pre-school-age CHH.     

Postural instability according to virtual reality program

Background: The popularity of virtual reality (VR) grew rapidly. Short guidelines with a lack of emphasis on safe use appears prior to usage. It is necessary for the user to realize how much potentially dangerous VR is.

Aims/objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of VR on balance in normal people.

Materials and methods: Mean equilibrium score (MES) of 15 adults who have normal sense of balance were obtained by using the sensory organization test (SOT). Conditions 1 and 2 were performed. Multiple VR programs were classified as three levels (Easy, Average, and Challenging) by the visual analog scale. Further SOT tests were performed during watching VR programs. MES of each test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: MES of condition 1 was significantly higher than condition 2. Although there was no statistical difference between Eye open and Easy program (p?=?.097), MES of average and Challenging programs showed significantly decreased scores compared to Eye open. In addition, MES of Average and Challenging programs were significantly decreased than that of Easy program.

Conclusions and significance: VR can cause postural imbalance to users. It is necessary to establish quantifiable and objective methods to measure imbalance caused by VR use.     

中医适宜技术在综合性医疗机构临床开展现况与阻滞因素分析

目的 了解中医适宜技术在综合性医疗机构临床实践现况与阻滞因素。方法 于2020年10-11月,按照纳入标准与排除标准,采用便利抽样法选取来自上海市16家综合性医疗机构的181名临床护士作为研究对象。调查内容包括一般资料、综合性医疗机构中医适宜技术开展现况及中医适宜技术在综合性医疗机构推广的阻滞因素。^{共发放问卷210份,}有效问卷181份,问卷有效率为86.19%。结果 50.83%的调查对象所在科室开展了中医适宜技术,以穴位敷贴(59/32.6%)、耳穴埋豆(30/16.57%)、穴位注射(27/14.92%)等为主,主要用于改善患者的疼痛、恶心呕吐、失眠、腹胀等症状。综合性医疗机构临床护士愿意接受中医技术相关培训[(3.91±0.88)分],认为在临床工作中广泛推广中医技术非常必要[(3.93±0.97)分],能够有效改善患者症状[(3.94±0.96)分],愿意积极配合科室开展中医技术[(3.94±0.97)分],并支持自己的亲戚朋友寻求中医技术治疗[(3.69±1.10)分]。影响中医适宜技术在综合性医疗机构推广的阻滞因素主要包括：护士人员紧缺,没有足够的时间开展中医技术[(3.69±1.06)分],护士未能熟练掌握中医技术理论知识[(3.70±1.02)分]与实践操作[(3.49±1.07)分],医生缺乏开具中医技术相关医嘱的资质[(3.32±1.08)分],中医西化未充分发挥中医护理特色[(3.60±1.04)分],中医技术推广缺乏医院多学科团队的参与[(3.85±1.04)分]。中医护理技术缺乏疗效评价的量化指标和体系[(3.45±1.06)分],中医护理计划流程不规范、不统一[(3.36±1.11)分]。结论 中医适宜技术已逐步渗透进入综合性医疗机构的临床实践中,受到非中医专业临床医护人员的认可与关注,相关管理部门尚需在非中医专业人员资质培训、多学科协作机制建设、中医技术运用评价指标体系与工作流程等方面持续探索与研究。     

心脏三维超声虚拟内窥镜系统导航与介入方法研究

目的通过心脏三维超声虚拟内窥镜系统导航和介入方法研究,旨在探索并建立复杂型先心病虚拟现实环境下观察的规范化"路径"和介入方法。方法采用体绘制技术重建心腔内表面的三维图像,并置感兴趣的心内结构于可视化显示窗中心,键盘操作与人工导航结合使三维重建图像沿着视线方向前进,产生被观察心内结构目标不断靠近观察者和放大的多帧图像。结果系统通过控制鼠标、键盘立体定位,结合VanPraagh"节段分析法"对感兴趣区域观察,使操作者在虚拟心脏内漫游,实现部分心内畸形结构的诊断。对诊断房、室间隔缺损者,应用虚拟介入装置模拟ASD、VSD介入治疗。结论三维超声虚拟内窥镜为先天性心脏病临床诊断、术前模拟介入、手术计划、外科手术导航及计算机辅助医学教学提供了一种新方法。     

Guía práctica para el debriefing online: revisión exploratoria y análisis de cursos con simulación clínica a distancia

IntroductionMany debriefing skills used when people are present in the same physical space translate poorly into virtual space. The objective was to develop a practical guide to recognize and manage online debriefing challenges.MethodsFocus group interviews, with facilitators who participated in distance-based simulation training courses, in combination with a scoping literature review were used to obtain qualitative data. Results were categorized using the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare ©.ResultsBetween July 2020 and March 2021, 12 facilitators trained 296 doctors and nurses from Spain and Latin America during 52 courses, 2 to 9.5 hours long, including 2 to 5 simulation cases each. Between 2014 and 2021, 12 out of 304 articles were selected for review.ConclusionsThe methods used have allowed to design a practical guide grounded on a simulation specific framework.     

染色体病的分子诊断

染色体数目或者结构的异常是导致染色体病的物质基础。随着人类基因组计划(HGP)的成功完成以及结构基因组学、功能基因组学等学科的发展,高通量测序、PCR技术、生命科学领域的基因芯片技术与生物信息学技术相结合,使染色体病的研究日益深入,染色体病的检测方法也日益增多。新的分子诊断技术以其高灵敏度、高准确性和高通量的特点在染色体疾病的检验和诊断中应用越来越广泛,目前已逐步与传统的细胞遗传学分析相互结合、互为印证,共同实现对染色体疾病的实验室诊断。该文就染色体病的分子诊断技术及临床应用进行述评。     

国际新兴卫生技术水平扫描系统建设经验及启示

随着卫生技术评估的发展,人们逐渐意识到评估时效对于卫生决策的重要性,于是出现了对新兴卫生技术早期和及时评估的需求。在卫生技术上市或开展实施前提供早期、及时评估,有助于留给决策者足够时间为一项新技术制定应用方法。新兴卫生技术评估可通过新兴卫生技术水平扫描系统开展,该系统能识别在卫生技术领域可能有重大影响的创新技术,从而促进适宜的新兴技术的临床运用。本文主要对加拿大、澳大利亚与新西兰、瑞典的3个新兴卫生技术水平扫描系统的情况进行概括及比较,从而为我国新兴卫生技术水平扫描系统的建设提供参考经验。     

应用通用工业CAM技术实现金属全冠制作的初步探讨

目的：应用通用工业CAM技术,实现金属全冠制作,为口腔CAD/CAM研究建立开放的通用平台。方法：使用商品化扫描设备（3shape’s Dental System）获取全冠预备后的基牙数字化模型,扫描设备自带CAD软件进行牙冠设计,然后采用工业CAM软件UG4.0进行牙冠数据处理,生成可加工的实体模型,通过工业五轴机床（GF阿奇夏米尔）进行牙冠加工。结果：应用通用工业CAM技术,完成了金属全冠的CAD/CAM制作过程,全冠经试戴,边缘密合,咬合及邻接状况良好。结论：建立了通用的口腔CAD/CAM实验平台,推进了口腔CAD/CAM系统国产化进程。     

Review on Preparation Technology and Properties of Refractory High Entropy Alloys

Refractory high entropy alloys have broad application prospects due to their excellent comprehensive properties in high temperature environments, and they have been widely implemented in many complex working conditions. According to the latest research reports, the preparation technology of bulk and coating refractory high entropy alloys are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each preparation technology are analyzed. In addition, the properties of refractory high entropy alloys, such as mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and radiation resistance are reviewed. The existing scientific problems of refractory high entropy alloys, at present, are put forward, which provide reference for the development and application of refractory high entropy alloys in the future, especially for plasma-facing materials in nuclear fusion reactors.