中国国家出生队列研究调查对象的基线特征分析

目的 探讨生命早期环境因素、遗传因素和遗传与环境交互作用对子代近期和远期健康的影响以及系统评价和比较辅助生殖受孕和自然受孕人群的妊娠结局和子代健康相关结局。方法 中国国家出生队列（CNBC）研究是一项覆盖辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的多中心前瞻性出生队列研究。2016年,CNBC项目陆续在我国12个省（自治区、直辖市）的24所医院启动,以家庭为单位纳入研究对象,并在辅助生殖治疗前、胚胎移植、孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期及分娩时以及出生后第42天、6个月、12个月、36个月多个时点采集数据信息和生物样本。结果 截至2020年6月,CNBC共纳入27 044个辅助生殖受孕家庭,29 589个自然受孕家庭,CNBC的研究人群中绝大部分为城市居民。在辅助生殖受孕家庭中,男女双方分别有65.5%和63.7%为大学及以上文化程度,年龄为（33.83±5.52）和（32.38±4.67）岁;女方83.2%为初产妇,吸烟率为0.8%,饮酒率为2.1%。在自然受孕家庭中,男女双方分别有81.5%和86.5%为大学及以上文化程度,年龄为（32.06±5.09）和（30.40±4.27）岁,女方67.2%为初产妇,吸烟率为0.1%,饮酒率为2.2%。不同地区的辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的基线特征均有差异。结论 CNBC的建立将为研究生命早期遗传、环境因素、遗传-环境交互作用以及辅助生殖技术治疗相关因素对出生后子代健康的影响提供了重要资源。     

Fertility and digital technology: narratives of using smartphone app ‘Natural Cycles’ while trying to conceive

Fertility awareness apps, which help to identify the ‘fertile window’ when conception is most likely, have been hailed as ‘revolutionising’ women’s reproductive health. Despite rapidly growing popularity, little research has explored how people use these apps when trying to conceive and what these apps mean to them. We draw on in‐depth, qualitative interviews, adopting a critical digital health studies lens (a sub‐field of science and technology studies), to explore the experiences of cisgender women and partners with one such app, Natural Cycles, in the context of their daily lives. We found that many women valued the technology as a ‘natural’, inobtrusive alternative to biomedical intervention, and a means of controlling and knowing their bodies, amid a dearth of fertility‐related education and care. Yet this technology also intervened materially and affectively into the spaces of their lives and relationships and privileged disembodied metrics (temperature) over embodied knowledge. Meanwhile, app language, advertising and cost have contributed to characterising ‘typical’ users as white, heterosexual, affluent, cisgender women without disabilities. In the context of neoliberal shifts towards bodily self‐tracking, technologies appealing as novel, liberating and ‘natural’ to individuals who can access them may nevertheless reproduce highly gendered reproductive responsibilities, anxieties and broader health and social inequalities.     

Assessing attitudes towards online psychoeducational interventions: Psychometric properties of a Brief Attitudes Scale

Participant attitudes are an explanatory factor for attrition in online health-related interventions. However, its assessment prior to interventions start is uncommon, partly because proper measures are missing. This study presents the psychometric properties of a new scale measuring attitudes towards online psychoeducational interventions (OPIs). Structural validity, reliability and screening performance of the Online Psychoeducational Intervention – Brief Attitudes Scale (OPI-BAS) were studied in a sample of 157 dementia caregivers. Scale cut-off scores were derived to categorise the participants into ‘OPIs sympathisers’ or ‘non-sympathisers’. Groups were compared across sociodemographic and internet use variables. A parsimonious five-item version of OPI-BAS demonstrated good structural validity, with one factor explaining 63.3% of variance. Internal consistency of the scale was high (α = 0.85). OPI-BAS showed good screening performance in identifying individuals with either a preference to use conventional face-to-face or online psychoeducational interventions (area under the curve = 0.84). An optimal cut-off score of 20 was suggested by the receiver operating characteristic graph, providing good sensitivity (74%) and specificity (84%). No significant differences were found between groups on sociodemographic and internet use variables. Attitudes towards OPIs were overall positive, but face-to-face interventions were preferred. This study offers preliminary support to the psychometric quality of OPI-BAS. This short scale has practical applications for research and intervention.     

负压创面治疗技术治疗慢性创面患者的效果

目的探讨在慢性创面患者中应用负压创面治疗技术的效果。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月天津武清中医院收治的56例慢性创面患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组28例。对照组给予普通清创换药治疗,试验组给予负压创面治疗,比较两组植皮时间、愈合时间、住院总费用、疼痛程度。结果试验组植皮时间、愈合时间均短于对照组,住院总费用少于对照组,视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论负压创面治疗技术应用于慢性创面患者中的效果显著,能够缩短植皮时间、愈合时间,减少住院费用,减轻疼痛感。     

数字信号处理技术在医学物理实验中的应用

信息社会的发展,在很大程度上取决于信息与信号处理技术的先进性.数字信号处理技术的出现改变了信息与信号处理技术的整个面貌,测量仪器技术与计算机技术深层次的结合正引起测试仪器领域里一场新的革命,一种全新的仪器结构概念导致了新一代仪器--虚拟仪器的出现,它是现代计算机技术、通信技术里测量技术相结合的产物,是传统仪器观念的一次巨大变革.它的出现使得人类的测试技术进入了一个新的发展纪元.本文介绍了用"弱电与非电信号处理系统"这一虚拟仪器进行生物非电信号的采集和分析的应用过程.     

知识模式转换在医学科技创新中的作用

医学科技创新是医院赖以生存与发展的动力,医学科技创新的过程也是医学知识模式不断转换的过程,本文从知识模式转换的视角,探讨知识管理对医学科技创新的意义与作用     

基于人工视网膜神经节细胞感受野的图像边缘检测

用光电池组装一个工感受野，在一维上模拟视网膜神经节细胞的零交叉滤波特性，进一步用该工工感受野构建一个图像边缘检测系统，并成功地用系统检测到图像边缘。一与般的基于视觉原理的图像系统相比，这种以人工感受野灵基础的系统，在图像输入的同时即可并行地提取图像边缘信息，而更接近于动物视觉系统原型，此结果将为人工视觉和图像技术的发展提供新的探索。     

离子交换树脂法与活性炭吸附法提取左旋多巴结果比较

以水和盐酸为溶剂从猫豆中提取左旋多巴,并对提取液分别用离子交换树脂法和活性炭吸附法富集左旋多巴,再分别用氨水和醇洗脱,经浓缩、精制得左旋多巴。实验结果表明,前法提取周期较长,平均提取率为2．50％,后法提取周期较短,平均提取率为2．66％,提示后法优于前法。     

颅底肿瘤93例临床分析

目的：总结93例颅底肿瘤的诊治经验。方法：对我科近8年收治的颅底肿瘤病人进行回顾总结。结果：颅底肿瘤良性居多,外科手术是首选,显微外科手术提高了全切率,减少丁并发症．结论：显微外科手术是治疗颅底肿瘤的首选方法。     

双波长薄层扫描法测定小儿退热贴中栀子甙含量

用双波长薄层扫描法对小儿退热贴中栀子甙进行含量测定。加样回收率为９８．２９％,ｒ＝０．９９９７,ＲＳＤ＝０．５６％。本法可控制小儿退热贴质量。