The evolution and genesis of supraventricular waltz & duet

Objective. This study documents and traces the evolution of triple rhythm (Waltz) linking the great veins, corresponding systemic or pulmonary venous sinuses and pectinated right or left atrium in frog, turtle, snake and human hearts. Alternating rhythm (duet) between systemic and pulmonary veins has also been documented in these hearts. Material Studied. The hearts of six dead hammer-head sharks were examined with the naked eye. Air-breathing, fresh-water fish (three Channa striata and three Indian catfish) were anaesthetised with ketamine and their pharynx insufflated with oxygen. Six frogs, three turtles, and two snakes were anaesthetised, intubated and ventilated. Contractions of the exposed hearts of these animals were correlated with their electrocardiograms using superimposed videos. The human heart was observed carefully during surgery through median sternotomy or anterolateral thoracotomy by visual inspection especially during instillation of or recovery from cardioplegia. Digital videos were taken and studied in slow motion replay later. Observations. In the air-breathing fish, Channa striata and Indian catfish and presumably the shark, the cardinal veins and thin walled sinus venosus do not contract. In the frog, turtle, and snake there is sequential contraction of the systemic veins, systemic venous sinus and pectinated right atrium. Likewise, there is waltz on the arterial side. There is a duet between systemic and pulmonary veins, contractions of the former preceding the latter in the frog, turtle and snake. The observations are similar in the human heart except that the inferior vena cava does not contract. Conclusions. There is sequential contraction of the superior vena cava, the systemic venous sinus and the pectinated part of the right atrium in the human heart. Likewise, there is a waltz linking the terminal pulmonary veins, pulmonary venous sinus and pectinated part of the left atrium in the human heart. This waltz or triple rhythm, as well as a duet between the systemic and pulmonary veins are seen in frog, turtle and snake. The duet is also observable in the human heart, during recovery from cardioplegia. It is likely that the waltz and duet are conducted by a neurogenic mechanism. Clinical Implications. The understanding, preservation and restoration of the mechanism sustaining supraventricular waltz and duet is relevant to surgical and interventional procedures for control of atrial arrhythmia, Fontan circulation, technique for cardiac transplantation and planning atriotomies.     

Temporary vena cava filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism during total hip arthroplasty

Thromboembolism constitutes one of the most dangerous complications during the immediate postoperative period of prosthetic surgery. Pharmacological prophylaxis and mechanical vascular compression are not always sufficient to protect from this surgical complication. In patients at greatest risk for thromboembolism, often with a positive history for pulmonary embolism, temporary vena cava filters may be used to reduce the incidence of vascular and pulmonary complications. However useful, these filters cannot be routinely used in orthopedic surgery. We present our results with the use of Filcard RFO2 vena cava filters in an open, randomized study of 30 patients. Received: 5 November 2001/Accepted: 30 November 2001     

肝细胞癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术护理风险分析与对策

目的探讨肝细胞癌合并下腔静脉癌栓手术中存在的风险因素。方法对2007年3月至2009年1月收治的8例肝细胞癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的患者手术中存在的风险因素进行分析,并有的放矢地做出应对护理措施。结果 8例肝癌及下腔静脉癌栓均得到成功切除,术中无明显并发症发生,手术过程顺利。结论肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗安全可行。而手术中医护之间的密切配合是手术成功的关键。     

臀部穿支皮瓣在褥疮修复中的应用

目的：探讨臀上或臀下穿支皮瓣修复臀部褥疮的方法及效果。方法：采用臀上或臀下穿支皮瓣修复臀部褥疮共9例。皮瓣面积为6cm×10cm～8cm×20cm,覆盖受区溃疡大小为4cm×7cm～7cm×18cm。结果：术后皮瓣全部成活,随访3个月～1年半,皮瓣质地良好,外形不臃肿,供区愈合良好。结论：臀上或臀下穿支皮瓣血运可靠,设计灵活,手术切取简便安全,保留臀大肌,供区无须植皮,是修复臀部褥疮创面的理想方法。     

Dorsolateral prefrontal and superior temporal volume deficits in first–episode psychoses that evolve into schizophrenia

Regions with a likely involvement in schizophrenia may differ between patients with firstepisodes of psychosis respectively with and without evolution into schizophrenia following the initial episode. We have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the volumes of dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPF) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) in a group of 37 first–episode psychotic patients. After an initial MRI study performed by the time of the first episode, the subjects were followed for two years. After this period 22 cases were diagnosed with schizophrenia, while the other 15 did not show clinical evidence for this illness. A Talairach–based tool was used for segmentation and volumetry of the MRI scans. A group of 44 healthy controls was used for comparison and, using lineal regression, to control for the normal effects of age and intracranial volume on the regional parameters of the patients. By the time of their first episode, patients with schizophrenia had significantly less grey matter in the right DLPF and STG regions as compared to both controls and FE without schizophrenia. Nevertheless, these parameters could not predict final diagnosis in a discriminant analysis model. Our findings indicate that subtle structural defects are already found by the time of the first psychotic break in schizophrenia, although clinical implications for these differences seem unclear.     

复杂下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的外科处理

目的 探讨手术治疗复杂重症下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的方法及其效果.方法 2004年12月至2008年7月对8例下腔静脉肿瘤行手术治疗,其中7例患者8次在体外循环或右心房插管灌注下手术切除下腔静脉肿瘤或(和)延及右心房/室内肿瘤;1例下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤局部复发行下腔静脉置换术.术前CT或MRI检查均已除外远处转移.结果 1例患者于术后2个月死于肝衰竭,其他7例术后症状均缓解并顺利出院.7例患者随访5～45个月,平均(15±4)个月.其中3例术后随访14～24个月,效果良好,无复发;3例术后4、5及32个月后原位复发并全身多处转移,其中1例是罕见的下腔静脉多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5个月后复发并右肾上腺转移癌,9个月后再次切除下腔静脉及右心房/室内肿瘤,术后11个月第3次复发死于心衰;另2例复发者未再次手术,其中1例术后7个月行化疗后症状缓解.1例45个月后失访.结论对于复杂腔静脉恶性肿瘤如未发现其他部位转移可采取积极手术治疗,如此可明显改善患者近期生存质量.     

复杂下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的外科处理

目的 探讨手术治疗复杂重症下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的方法及其效果.方法 2004年12月至2008年7月对8例下腔静脉肿瘤行手术治疗,其中7例患者8次在体外循环或右心房插管灌注下手术切除下腔静脉肿瘤或(和)延及右心房/室内肿瘤;1例下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤局部复发行下腔静脉置换术.术前CT或MRI检查均已除外远处转移.结果 1例患者于术后2个月死于肝衰竭,其他7例术后症状均缓解并顺利出院.7例患者随访5～45个月,平均(15±4)个月.其中3例术后随访14～24个月,效果良好,无复发;3例术后4、5及32个月后原位复发并全身多处转移,其中1例是罕见的下腔静脉多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5个月后复发并右肾上腺转移癌,9个月后再次切除下腔静脉及右心房/室内肿瘤,术后11个月第3次复发死于心衰;另2例复发者未再次手术,其中1例术后7个月行化疗后症状缓解.1例45个月后失访.结论对于复杂腔静脉恶性肿瘤如未发现其他部位转移可采取积极手术治疗,如此可明显改善患者近期生存质量.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the surgical strategy and effects for treating complex malignant tumors of the inferior vena cava (IVC) or/and the tumors extending into right atrium/ventricle.Methods Between Dec 2004 and Jul 2008, eight patients underwent surgical resections, among those seven patients with tumors of IVC or the tumors extending into right atrium/ventricle were operated on under deep hypothermia with cardiopulmonary bypass( CPB), and one patient with recurrence of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC successfully underwent en bloc resection and caval reconstruction. The prosthetic graft was used for IVC reconstruction in two patients and vascular patch in the other two patients. Preoperative chest roentgenography, computed tomography, ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging was used to exclude the presence of metastatic disease, to assess local resectability of the tumour and the extent of involvement and obstruction of the IVC. Results One patient died of liver failure postoperatively. The postoperative course was uneventful in other 7 patients. On follow-up two patients died 2 and 5 months later due to functional disorder of the liver. Three patients have been followed up for 14 - 24 months and were     

Budd-Chiari综合征的磁共振诊断

目的：探讨柏一查氏综合征（Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ）的磁共振（ＭＲ）表现,分析比较各种检查方法。方法：８例本病患者的磁共振成像检查,采用ＳＥ、ＦＳＥ和ＧＲ序列,轴位,冠状位和矢状位扫描,其中２例做了磁共振血管造影（ＭＲＡ）。结果：ＭＲ表现为肝静脉和／或下腔静脉（ＩＶＣ）狭窄、阻塞和栓塞及“逗点样”肝内侧支循环;肝脏充血肿大或尾叶代偿性增大;脾大;门脉增粗;腹水和肝外侧支循环。结论：Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征在ＭＲ上有较为典型的表现,ＭＲ是目前诊断该病的最佳选择     

常温下全肝血流阻断处理严重肝外伤

目的 探讨常温下全肝血流阻断切肝术治疗严重肝外伤合并肝静脉和（或）下腔静脉损伤,以期提高严重肝损伤病人的抢救成功率,减少术后并发症。方法 采用常温下全肝血流 术切除肝叶,修复肝静脉和（或）下腔静脉处理８例严重肝外伤患者。结果 ８例合并肝静脉和（或）下腔静脉损伤的严重肝外伤病人,均采用全肝血流阻断处理,除１例合并其他损伤死亡外,其余均治愈。结论 常温下全肝血流阻断在处理合并肝静脉和（或）下腔静脉损伤     

Pregnant woman presenting with a gross retroperitoneal mass: surgical treatment with caval replacement

A 40-year-old woman in the twenty-fifth week of pregnancy presented with a gross retroperitoneal mass. At the end of the pregnancy, the patient was submitted to surgery, and the gross infiltration of the inferior vena cava wall required the resection of the vena cava with its prosthetic substitution. The histopathological examination demonstrated the presence of a leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. An electronic video supplement showing the most important intraoperative passages is available online at doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2008.06.074.