Vascular ultrasound in obstetrics

The usefulness of the vascular ultrasound in the field of obstetrics is now well recognized. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and elastic property of the common carotid artery are affected by pregnancy and vary with complications. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery reflects the vascular endothelial function and is reported to be useful in the management of complicated pregnancy, especially pre-eclampsia. For the screening of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities in the perinatal period, compression ultrasonography (CUS) is useful.     

急性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的诊治体会(附29例报告)

目的 探讨急性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成（SMVT）的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析我院1990年1月～2005年6月间收治的29例SMVT患者的临床资料.结果 29例SMVT患者,年龄18～74岁（平均61.2岁）.主要症状有腹痛、腹胀、呕吐、发热、呕血和便血.主要体征有腹部膨隆、肠鸣音减少、腹膜刺激征、腹穿抽出血性液、白细胞计数升高.误诊率72.4%（21/29）,复发率24.1%（7/29）,死亡率27.6%（8/29）.结论 SMVT无特异性的临床表现,容易误诊.螺旋CT确诊率高,应该作为SMVT诊断的首选检查.早期诊断、早期进行抗凝治疗是降低死亡率和提高治愈率的关键,术后抗凝同样重要.发生肠坏死时,应进行以手术治疗为主的综合治疗.     

丁苯酞对实验性动脉血栓形成性脑梗死的治疗作用

目的:观察丁苯酞(恩必普)对实验性动脉血栓形成性脑梗死的治疗作用.方法:按已定型的双肾双夹法建立易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠(RHRSP)模型,用光化学法造成大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)致大脑中动脉血栓形成.94只MCAO大鼠随机分为丁苯酞治疗组、生理氯化钠溶液(NS)对照组各47只,另取3只RHRSP作为假手术组.治疗组于MCA闭塞d1起po丁苯酞150 mg·kg-1,bid,给药10 d.每日行神经行为学评分, d10处死大鼠取脑进行TTC染色及常规病理检查,观察局部血栓梗死灶微血管等的变化.结果:丁苯酞治疗1～6d的神经行为学评分均明显增加(如d4治疗组(17.14±0.38)分, NS组(15.29±1.11)分,P<0.05);治疗组梗死面积为(6.94±2.11)mm2,梗死灶占前脑面积百分比在治疗组为(1.82±0.50)%,均显著低于NS组[(8.90±1.96)mm2和 (2.40±0.65)%,均为P<0.05];治疗组局部血栓变小、梗死灶及周围微血管增生也显著多于NS组(79% vs 62%,P<0.05),灶内出血发生率减少.结论:丁苯酞可改善病灶局部循环,减小梗死面积,减轻脑组织损伤,恢复神经功能.     

Paradoxical emboli: demonstration using helical computed tomography of the pulmonary artery associated with abdominal computed tomography

We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with a recent history of a cerebrovascular accident. Because of clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism and negative Doppler ultrasound findings of the lower limbs, spiral computed tomography of the pulmonary artery was performed and demonstrated pulmonary emboli. We emphasize the role of computed tomography of the abdomen, performed 3 min after the thoracic acquisition, which showed an unsuspected thrombus within the abdominal aorta and the left renal artery with infarction of the left kidney. Paradoxical embolism was highly suspected on computed tomography data and confirmed by echocardiography which demonstrated a patent foramen ovale. Received: 23 April 1999; Revised: 17 August 1999; Accepted: 18 August 1999     

Simultaneous occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: A systematic review of cases

Although the leading causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are aneurysm rupture and arteriovenous malformations, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can, in rare cases, be associated with SAH. This phenomenon is an uncommon presentation, with less than a hundred cases reported based on our review of the literature. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is known regarding these cases, how they are managed and to highlight the need for further studies that will serve as a basis for the development of a standard management guideline across board. The following databases were searched: PubMed and Ovid Embase. A complementary search of Google Scholar and AJOL was done. Gray literature search was also conducted on the Google search engine for any additional relevant papers. We were able to extract data regarding 33 cases from 29 identified studies. The mean age was 46.6 ± 14.08. 17 (51.5%) of the cases were female, and the female‐to‐male ratio is 1.1:1. Headache was by far the commonest symptom, occurring in 82% of cases followed by seizures in 42% of cases. Four patients (12%) had loss of consciousness while 5 patients (15%) had some form of focal neurologic deficit. Twenty patients had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in at least two different sinuses. The superior sagittal sinus was the most common location for CVSTs (79%), followed by the transverse sinus (57.5%). Twenty‐nine cases (89%) were managed with anticoagulation alone and one case had a mechanical thrombectomy. We have performed a comprehensive review of cases that had the simultaneous occurrence of SAH and CVST and have identified their peculiarities and the challenges to management. Further research is needed in order to identify a causal relationship and to serve as a basis for the development of a standard management guideline across the board.     

加速康复外科理念在胰十二指肠切除术围手术期的应用

目的 观察加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)措施在胰十二指肠切除术围手术期应用的效果,总结在ERAS指导下的围手术期多模式镇痛、营养干预、呼吸道管理、血栓预防等护理措施对患者术后康复的影响.方法 回顾性分析温州医科大学附属第一医院2019年5月到2020年7月肝胆外...     

门静脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

目的：探讨门静脉高压症术后门静血栓形成(Portal vein thrombosis,PVT)的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2010年12月行门体断流术的153例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床资料,所有患者根据门静脉是否形成血栓分为两组,对患者年龄、性别、术前有无呕血、手术时间、术中失血量、门静脉直径、术前及术后门静脉血流速度、血小板计数、凝血酶原时间等相关因素进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：门静脉高压症患者术后PVT率为18.30%(28/153),与无血栓组比较,血栓组患者术中失血量明显多于无血栓组(P＜0.05),门静脉直径增宽明显(P＜0.05),门静脉血流速度显著下降(P＜0.05),血小板计数显著增多(P＜0.05)。多因素分析显示门静脉直径、术后门静脉血流速度是PVT的独立危险因素。结论：门静脉直径增宽和门静脉血流速度降低是门体断流术后PVT的主要原因。     

可溶性P-选择素对肝硬化门静脉高压术后门静脉血栓形成的影响

目的探讨可溶性P-选择素对肝硬化门静脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成的影响。方法检测乙肝肝硬化患者在门静脉高压症围手术期血小板的数量及反映血小板功能的可溶性P-选择素水平的动态变化,比较其在有门静脉血栓形成组患者及无血栓形成组患者间的差异。结果血栓形成组患者及无血栓形成组患者间,血小板数量无显著差异,而可溶性P-选择素水平在术后第4～6天有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论乙肝肝硬化患者在行门静脉高压症手术后,血小板功能的变化对门静脉血栓形成可能起着重要的作用。