Impact of Early versus Late Amniotomy on Induction of Labor in Nulliparous Women after Vaginally Administered Misoprostol: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective::To investigate the effect of early versus late amniotomy after induction of labor (IOL) with vaginally administered misoprostol.Methods::This randomi...     

Regional variations in human papillomavirus prevalence across time in NHANES (2003–2014)

IntroductionThe consequences of low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Census regions with higher incidence of cervical cancer may contribute to continued disparities. Our purpose was to evaluate regional variations in HPV prevalence across time.MethodsRepeated cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003–2014 were examined. Participants included females 14 to 34 years old who provided adequate vaginal samples for HPV DNA typing (N = 6387). Region of residence and HPV vaccination status associations with HPV prevalence were examined using chi-square and multivariable logistic regression. HPV types were grouped according to vaccine-type HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 18) and risk (high or low-risk). Time and vaccination status were included in subsequent models for post-licensure survey cycles (2007–2014) to assess their effects on observed associations.ResultsNo decreases in vaccine-type HPV prevalence were found between the prevaccine cycles (2003–2006) and early post-licensure cycles (2007–2010, p > 0.05). Vaccine-type HPV prevalence decreased in late post-licensure years (2011–2014) compared to prevaccine years (2003–2006, p = 0.001). The highest prevalence of vaccine-type HPV occurred in the South (8.6%) and Midwest (8.6%), followed by the West (4.8%), and the Northeast (3.5%) in late post-licensure years. Lower odds of vaccine-type HPV across time in post-licensure survey cycles were found to be attributable to time, and more strongly to HPV vaccination.ConclusionsThere were regional variations in vaccine-type HPV prevalence between prevaccine and post-licensure years. These decreases appeared to be at least partially attributable to HPV vaccination. Programs are needed to address geographical disparities in HPV vaccination.     

Multivariate normal tissue complication probability modeling of vaginal late toxicity after brachytherapy for cervical cancer

PurposeTo explore the best variables combination for a predictive model of vaginal toxicity in cervical cancer patients undergoing brachytherapy (BT).Methods and MaterialsClinical and 3-dimensional dosimetric parameters were retrospectively extracted from an institutional database of consecutive patients undergoing intracavitary BT after external beam radiation therapy from 2006 to 2013 for a cervical cancer. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator selection procedure in Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed to select a set of relevant predictors for a multivariate normal tissue complication probability model of Grade ≥2 vaginal late toxicity. Outcomes reliability was internally assessed by bootstrap resampling method.ResultsOne hundred sixty-nine women were included in the present study with a median followup time of 3.8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.9–5.6 years). The 2 years and 5 years cumulative incidence rates of Grade ≥2 late vaginal toxicity were 19.9% and 27.5%, respectively. Among 31 metrics and six clinical factors extracted, the optimal model included two dosimetric variables: V70_Gy and D5_% (the percentage volume that received a dose greater or equal to 70 Gy and the minimum dose given to the hottest 5% volume, respectively). Area under the ROC curve at 2 and 5 years of followup were 0.85 and 0.91, respectively. Regarding internal validation, median area under the ROC curve of bootstrap predictions was 0.83 (IQR, 0.78–0.88) and 0.89 (IQR, 0.85–0.93) at 2 and 5 years of followup, respectively.ConclusionsA multivariate normal tissue complication probability model for severe vaginal toxicity based on two dosimetric variables (V70_Gy and D5_%) provides reliable discrimination capability in a cohort of cervical cancer treated with external beam radiation therapy and BT.     

三种不同分娩方式对产妇产后性功能和盆底功能的影响

目的:探讨阴道分娩、会阴侧切、剖宫产对产妇产后性功能和盆底功能的影响。方法:本研究对象为2014年3月至2015年9月期间于我院妇产科分娩的107例单胎初产妇,根据分娩方式将产妇分为阴道分娩组(n=28)、会阴侧切组(n=37)、剖宫产组(n=42)。对比分析三组产妇产后3个月、6个月及9个月性功能状况、盆底肌力、膀胱颈角度及膀胱颈旋转角度异常发生率,记录产后3个月、6个月及9个月三组产妇性功能障碍发生率和盆底功能障碍性疾病发生率。结果:阴道分娩组和会阴侧切组产妇产后3个月性功能障碍发生率、盆底肌力0~2分比例、盆底功能障碍性各疾病发生率、膀胱颈角度异常及膀胱颈旋转角度异常发生率高于剖宫产组(P0.05);会阴侧切组产后3个月和产后6个月FSFI总分显著低于阴道分娩组和剖宫产组(P0.05);阴道分娩组产后3个月FSFI总分、功能障碍发生率与剖宫产组比较有统计学意义(P0.05);阴道分娩组产妇产后3个月性功能障碍发生率高于剖宫产组(P0.05);剖宫产组产妇产后3个月膀胱颈角度及膀胱颈旋转角度异常发生率显著低于阴道分娩组(P0.05)。结论:会阴侧切对初产妇产后性功能和盆底功能有较大不良影响,剖宫产有助于产妇产后早期性功能和盆底功能的恢复,但长期来看,与阴道分娩相比不具优越性。     

宫血宁治疗放置IUD后阴道出血144例临床效果分析

目的:研讨宫血宁治疗放置IUD后阴道出血的临床效果。方法:我院于2008年4月-2009年6月,以我院收治的288例放置IUD后阴道出血患者为对象,将288例患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,每组144例,对照组采用茜芷胶囊加阿奇进行治疗,治疗组采用宫血宁加阿奇进行治疗。结果:治疗组患者经过10个月的治疗后,经期稳定,月经量正常,出血减少或消失,痊愈有效率达95.4%,大大高于对照组。结论:宫血宁治疗放置IUD后阴道出血的疗效良好,阴道出血的症状很快消失或好转,具有重要的临床治疗意义。     

Can a vaginal birth after cesarean delivery be a normal labor and birth? Lessons from midwifery applied to trial of labor after a previous cesarean delivery

Women who undergo a trial of labor after a previous cesarean delivery (TOLAC) have special needs prenatally and during the intrapartum period. Counseling about the choice of TOLAC versus an elective repeat cesarean delivery involves complex statistical concepts. Prenatal counseling that is patient centered, individualized, and presented in a way that addresses the health literacy and health numeracy of the recipient encompasses best practices that support patient decision making. Evidence-based practices during labor that support vaginal birth and increase patient satisfaction are of special value for this population.     

Vaginal cuff dehiscence after hysterectomy: a multicenter retrospective study

Objective

This study estimates the incidence of vaginal cuff dehiscence resulting from different approaches to hysterectomy.

Study design

This multicentric study was carried out retrospectively. We retrospectively analyzed 8635 patients; 37% underwent abdominal hysterectomy, 31.2% vaginal hysterectomy, and 31.8% laparoscopic hysterectomy. All the hysterectomies were considered, vaginal evisceration was registered and analyzed for time of onset, trigger event, presenting symptoms, details of prolapsed organs and type of repair surgery. Continuous variables were compared using the one-way analysis of variance between groups as all data followed a Gaussian distribution, as confirmed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Differences among subgroups were assessed using the Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons test. Categorical variables were compared with two tailed Chi-square tests with Yates correction or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Pearson's linear correlation was used to verify linear relationships between the dehiscence interval and patient's age at surgery.

Results

Thirty-four patients (0.39%) experienced vaginal evisceration. The laparoscopic route was associated with a significantly higher incidence of dehiscence (p < 0.05). No differences were found between the 6027 patients (69.8%) who had closure of the vaginal cuff and the 2608 (30.2%) who had an unclosed cuff closure technique.

Conclusion

Vaginal evisceration after hysterectomy is a rare gynecological surgical complication. Sexual intercourse before the complete healing of the vaginal cuff is the main trigger event in young patients, while evisceration presents as a spontaneous event in elderly patients. Surgical repair can be performed either vaginally or laparoscopically with similar outcomes.     

Single- versus double-layer closure of the hysterotomy incision during cesarean delivery and risk of uterine rupture

Objective

To evaluate the best available evidence regarding the association between single-layer closure and uterine rupture.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for relevant observational and experimental studies that included women with a previous single, low, transverse cesarean delivery who had attempted a trial of labor (TOL). The risks of uterine rupture and uterine dehiscence were assessed by pooled odds ratios (OR) calculated with a random effects model.

Results

Nine studies including 5810 women were reviewed. Overall, the risk of uterine rupture during TOL after a single-layer closure was not significantly different from that after a double-layer closure (OR 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-4.44). However, a sensitivity analysis indicated that the risk of uterine rupture was increased after a locked single-layer closure (OR 4.96; 95% CI 2.58-9.52, P < 0.001) but not after an unlocked single-layer closure (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.21-1.16), compared with a double-layer closure.

Conclusion

Locked but not unlocked single-layer closures were associated with a higher uterine rupture risk than double-layer closure in women attempting a TOL.     

The effect of “breathable” panty liners on the female lower genital tract

Objective

To evaluate whether the use of “breathable” panty liners (BPLs) alters the normal vaginal flora, increases the incidence of bacterial vaginosis and/or vaginal candidiasis, or causes vulvar irritation.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial assessed the vaginal ecosystem of women without complaints of vaginal discharge. The study group (n = 53) wore BPLs for 10-12 hours each day for 75 consecutive days, whereas the control group (n = 54) wore only their usual underwear. At each of 6 visits during 3 menstrual cycles, participants underwent gynecologic examination with colposcopic evaluation and pH measurement, in addition to assessment of vaginal microbial flora, intensity of inflammatory processes, and presence of vaginal candidiasis/bacterial vaginosis in Gram-stained smears.

Results

After 75 consecutive days of BPL use, 40/44 (90.9%) and 42/44 (95.5%) women reported no complaints of vaginal discharge or vulvar itching/burning, respectively. There was no significant difference between the study group and the control group with regard to positive vaginal fungus cultures (5/44 [11.4%] vs 8/50 [16.0%]; P = 0.7848) or bacterial vaginosis (3/44 [6.8%] vs 2/50 [4.0%]; P = 0.7974) at the end of the study period.

Conclusion

After 75 days of BPL use, there was no significant increase in vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal irritation, or vulvovaginal inflammation.