A catheter technique in ophthalmic regional anaesthesia. Cadaver experiments

BACKGROUND: Regional anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery is generally accomplished by peri- or retrobulbar techniques. Depending on the duration of ophthalmic surgery, reblock might become necessary. Our goal was to invent a catheter technique for ophthalmic regional anaesthesia that enables the user to administer local anaesthetics intraoperatively into the peri- or retrobulbar space continuously. METHODS: Twenty-five adult cadaver orbits of normal size and anatomy were used for the experiments. A flexible catheter was introduced transcutaneously or transconjunctivally into the extra- or intraconal space. Methylene blue solution was injected through the catheter. RESULTS: Using the same transcutaneous retro- and peribulbar technique, it was possible to introduce flexible catheters into a proper position of the cadaver orbits. The injected dye was found intra- or extraconally. CONCLUSION: Examining the spread of the dye in the orbit, we concluded that it is possible to provide ophthalmic anaesthesia for surgery through an indwelling catheter. We proved that continuous or intermittent administration of a local anaesthetic agent into the extra- or inraconal space can be achieved and this technique may allow us to maintain anaesthesia as long as it is necessary.     

A catheter technique in ophthalmic regional anaesthesia. Clinical investigations

BACKGROUND: Usually general anaesthesia is chosen if ophthalmic surgery of longer duration is expected. Our goal was to introduce a flexible catheter preoperatively into the extra- or intraconal space and to provide sufficient anaesthesia by continuous administration of a local anaesthetic via the catheter. METHODS: The continuous anaesthetic technique was applied in 28 patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. An indwelling catheter was introduced in 20 patients into the intraconal and in 8 patients into the extraconal space. In 6 patients, the position of the catheter was controlled by ultrasound examination prior to the injection of the local anaesthetic agent. RESULTS: For all patients adequate anaesthesia could be achieved and maintained with continuous retrobulbar administration (CRA) of a local anaesthetic by catheter. There were two patients who experienced moderate pain intraoperatively during continuous peribulbar administration (CPA). No complications occurred with the placement of the catheters. The catheter did not disturb the surgeon or the process of the ophthalmic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous administration of a local anaesthetic agent via an indwelling catheter into the intraconal space allowed ophthalmic anaesthesia without time restriction. Thus, CRA is a good alternative to general anaesthesia for patients undergoing long-lasting ophthalmic surgery.     

Marked enhancement of anti-allodynic effect by combined intrathecal administration of the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-phenylisopropyladenosine and morphine in a rat model of central pain

BACKGROUND: There is often no satisfactory treatment for chronic pain after spinal cord injury. We have previously reported that intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-phenylisopropyl-adenosine (R-PIA) or the opioid morphine has anti-allodynic effects in a model of presumed chronic central pain after photochemically induced spinal cord injury in rats. In the present study, we set out to investigate the possible interaction between i.t. R-PIA and morphine in spinally injured rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats displaying allodynia-like behaviors to mechanical and cold stimuli after photochemically induced spinal cord injury with minor motor deficits were used. R-PIA and morphine, either alone or in combination, were administered i.t. through an implanted catheter to lumbar spinal cord. RESULTS: Cumulative doses of R-PIA or morphine dose-dependently reduced the mechanical allodynia-like behavior, with a threshold of 1 nmol and 1.5 nmol, respectively. When co-administrated, R-PIA and morphine produced marked suppression of mechanical allodynia at doses of 5 pmol and 7.5 pmol, respectively. The effect of i.t. co-administration of R-PIA and morphine on cold allodynia was comparable to i.t. R-PIA alone. The combination of R-PIA and morphine did not increase adverse effects such as motor deficits in comparison to either drug alone. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate a supra-additive interaction between the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-PIA and morphine to reduce mechanical allodynia-like behavior in rats with chronic spinal cord injury. The combination of R-PIA and morphine administered spinally may be superior to R-PIA or morphine alone for treating such pain.     

Complete Removal of Colloid Cyst via CT-Guided Stereotactic Biportal Neuroendoscopy

Four patients harbouring a colloid cyst of the 3rd ventricle were operated on endoscopically. With the "classical" monoportal technique, through a precoronal burr hole only partial removal could be achieved in the first case. As the crucial point of the procedure is the safe dissection of the cyst from the thela chorioidea and from the internal cerebral veins, adequate control of the posterior rim of the foramen of Monro and the roof of the 3rd ventricle is mandatory. Accordingly in other three cases a CT-guided biportal endoscopic technique was applied, which permitted radical removal of the entire cyst with maximum safety. CT-guidance is essential for optimal planning after careful study of the individual anatomy. In this way the rigid scopes are moved exclusively along their own axes throughout the procedure, the resulting brain damage thereby being minimal. With regard to all circumstances of the procedure, the use of flexible endoscopes appears to be inappropriate and biportal endoscopy offers itself as the method of choice.     

无瘤接触及杀瘤技术在胃癌根治术中的应用

目的　探讨无瘤接触及杀瘤技术在胃癌根治术中的应用。方法　我院从 1997-10～ 2 0 0 3 -0 8共施行了胃癌D4根治术 5 2例 ,术中全部严格进行无瘤接触及杀瘤技术的应用。并与同期 44例行D1术式但无严格行无瘤接触及杀瘤技术的胃癌患者作一比较 ,从而了解两者 5年生存率的情况。结果　术后均无明显的并发症 ,全部患者治愈出院 ,D4及D1组两者 5年生存率分别为42 3 %及 18 2 % (P <0 0 5 )。结论　在胃癌D4根治术的基础上进行严格的无瘤接触及杀瘤技术 ,是一种安全、合理有效的治疗方法。     

增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因转染及TGFβ3诱导前软骨干细胞向成软骨方向分化

目的　探讨增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因 (EGFP)转染前软骨干细胞 (PSCs)的效果及TGFβ3 诱导PSCs向成软骨方向定向分化的可行性。方法　利用磁性细胞分选系统分离纯化有成纤维细胞生长因子受体 3(FGFR 3)表面标志的PSCs。采用脂质体介导法将EGFP基因转染PSCs,G4 18筛选得到EGFP基因修饰PSCs。用免疫组化及免疫荧光检测EGFP基因修饰PSCs的FGFR 3表达。采用藻酸盐凝胶培养 ,以TGFβ3 诱导分离纯化的PSCs向成软骨方向定向分化。应用免疫组化、RT PCR检测PSCs向成软骨方向分化过程中特异性软骨基质成分的表达情况。结果　EGFP基因转染PSCs后 ,2 4hGFP开始表达 ,4 8～ 72hGFP表达最强。G4 18筛选后 ,EGFP基因修饰PSCs体外培养 6周仍有较强GFP表达。在含TGFβ3 的藻酸盐凝胶培养 7、14、2 1d均有II型胶原表达 ;诱导2 1d的PSCs免疫组化检测可见细胞及周围均有X型胶原、Aggrecan、COMP表达 ;RT PCR检测显示在培养早期 ( 8d内 )开始出现Aggrecan、X型胶原、COMP等的表达 ,中期 ( 8d后...     

Finger-assisted stretching technique for cesarean section.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative outcomes of two cesarean section methods, the finger-assisted stretching technique (FAST), based on a modified Joel-Cohen method, with the traditional technique. METHODS: A retrospective review of the records of 416 women who underwent cesarean sections at Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between May 1993 and December 2001 was performed. Of the 416 women, 283 underwent cesarean sections with FAST and 133 with the traditional technique. RESULTS: Operative time was significantly shorter with FAST (15.3 vs. 42.6 min, P<.05), and FAST was associated with lower blood loss (601 vs. 928 mL, P<.05) and shorter hospital stay (3.7 vs. 6.5 days, P<.05). There were no significant differences in wound infection, voiding difficulty, and postoperative adhesions between the two methods. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that FAST may be the better technique.     

关于心律失常教学课件的设计制作构想

介绍了一种基于计算机动画和视频剪辑技术的心律失常教学课件的设计思想、课件内容及演示特点。     

岗梅根清喉颗粒的制备及临床疗效观察

目的研究岗梅根清喉颗粒的制备方法,并观察其临床疗效。方法与草珊瑚含片对照比较,观察其治疗咽喉炎症的临床疗效,并进行动物急性毒性试验。结果符合颗粒的质量要求。动物试验LD50>1208g生药/kg。治疗组与对照组总有效率均在85%以上,两者对咽喉炎症均具有明显的治疗作用。结论本颗粒组方合理,工艺可行,无毒性;临床疗效满意。     

废除胆道手术预防性腹腔引流的临床观察

目的探讨胆道手术不进行预防性腹腔引流的临床效果。方法将胆道手术患者随机分为观察组与对照组。观察组:不放引流管,针对导致术后出血、胆汁性腹膜炎、胆瘘等常见并发症的原因予以处理;对照组:术中安放引流管,其他处理同观察组。术后比较两组患者的临床疗效、引流副作用、住院时间、住院费用等。结果两组患者均痊愈出院。观察组平均住院时间及住院费用明显少于对照组(t=11.72,9.22;P<0.01);对照组的引流副作用发生率为31.03%,观察组则没有,二者比较有统计学意义(χ2=33.62,P<0.01)。结论胆道手术是否安放预防性腹腔引流应视术中对易致并发症部位的处理情况确定,绝大部分患者是可以不安放腹腔引流的。