Comparative study of awake endotracheal intubation with Glidescope video laryngoscope versus flexible fiber optic bronchoscope in patients with traumatic cervical spine injury

BackgroundThe Gldiescope video laryngoscope (GVL) as a recent intubating device has gained much popularity in difficult intubation over the last decade. It can be used as a substitute to flexible fiber optic bronchoscope (FOB) in intubating challenges. The object of this study is to compare the utility of GVL and FOB for intubating time, attempts, effects on hemodynamics, adverse effects, patient satisfaction and post intubation neurological outcome during awake intubation in traumatic cervical spine injury.MethodsFifty patients undergoing post traumatic cervical spine fixation under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups in a prospective, controlled non-blinded study. All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg iv and midazolam 1 mg iv that be repeated up to 0.05 mg/kg followed with a bolus dose of remifentanil 1.5 μg/kg then a continuous remifentanil infusion of 0.15 μg/kg/min for 3 min before procedure. Each patient underwent a wake endotracheal intubation with either GVL (G group) or FOB (F group) with manual in line stabilization (MILS). Intubating time, intubating attempts, hear rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen desaturation (SO₂ < 90%), sore throat, patient satisfaction and postintubation neurological outcome were recorded.ResultsIntubating time was significantly lower in G group compared with F group (26 ± 5 versus 72 ± 11 respectively), while the percentage of the first successful intubating attempt was insignificantly higher in G group (88%) than in F group (72%). Both HR and MAP were significantly increased only in F group during intubation in comparison with the basal line values. Both devices were safe for post neurological outcome. No significant differences of adverse effects or patient satisfaction were recorded between groups.ConclusionThe GVL is a safe surrogate for FOB during awake intubation for post traumatic cervical spine fixation.     

The reliability and validity of the measurement of lateral trunk motion in two-dimensional video analysis during unipodal functional screening tests in elite female athletes

ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability and validity of the measurement of lateral trunk motion (LTM) in two-dimensional (2D) video analysis of unipodal functional screening tests.DesignObservational study.SettingResearch laboratory.ParticipantsForty-three injury-free female athletes.Main outcome measuresKnee valgus (KV) and lateral trunk motion (LTM) angles were measured with a standard digital camera during the single leg squat and the single leg drop vertical jump (SLDVJ). Three-dimensional motion analysis was used during the SLDVJ to measure peak external knee abduction moment (pKAM). Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the intra- and intertester reliability of the LTM angle. Correlations between 2D angles and pKAM were calculated for the SLDVJ.ResultsExcellent intraclass correlation coefficients for the LTM angle were found within (0.99–1.00) and between testers (0.98–0.99). The sum of KV and LTM was significantly correlated with the pKAM during the SLDVJ for the dominant (r = −0.36; p = 0.017) and non-dominant leg (r = −0.32; p = 0.034), while either angle alone was not.ConclusionsLTM can be measured with excellent intra- and intertester reliability. The combination of KV and LTM was moderately associated with pKAM and thus including LTM may aid assessment of movement quality and injury risk.     

Self‐recognition in live videos by young children: does video training help?

The overall aim of the experiment reported here was to establish whether self‐recognition in live video can be facilitated when live video training is provided to children aged 2–2.5 years. While the majority of children failed the test of live self‐recognition prior to video training, more than half exhibited live self‐recognition post video training. Children who failed the live video self‐recognition tasks passed the test of mirror self‐recognition. The findings are discussed in light of a video deficit and the potential role of pre‐test training in facilitating self‐recognition in live video by young children.     

结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术摄像系统在外科学教学中的应用

目的 以学习结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术为目的,比较传统现场手术观摩教学方法和现场手术录像教学方法的不同效果.方法 以北京大学人民医院2010级外科学专业硕士研究生40人为研究对象.随机将这些实习学生分为实验组和对照组,其中实验组20人,采用现场手术录像教学方法；对照组20人,采用传统现场手术观摩教学方法.两组学生入学成绩差异无统计学意义,所用教材、教学大纲、教学时数与教学目标均相同.教学结束后,采用问卷调查、考核等主客观评价指标考察教学效果.结果 与对照组学生比较,实验组学生在教学中能够主动提出问题,积极参与讨论,激发了学习兴趣.问卷调查结果显示,学生对现场手术录像教学方法满意度高于传统现场手术观摩教学方法.比较两组学生的考试成绩,实验组学生的平均成绩明显优于对照组学生(P＜0.05).结论 外科手术中手术现场录像教学方法与传统手术观摩教学方法相比优势明显,医学生能够更好地了解和掌握结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术.     

The camera is not a methodology: towards a framework for understanding young children's use of video cameras

Participatory research methods argue that young children should be enabled to contribute their perspectives on research seeking to understand their worldviews. Visual research methods, including the use of still and video cameras with young children have been viewed as particularly suited to this aim because cameras have been considered easy and fun to use for young children. However, how children learn to use cameras introduced into early childhood classrooms for research purposes is not well understood. In terms of visual research methodologies, this is a problem because participant use of cameras is associated with understanding the nature of visual data generated during the recording process itself. In this paper, we consider observational data of young children playing with video cameras introduced into their classrooms for research purposes. Drawing on the concepts of culturally mediated tool use and epistemic and ludic play, we theorise these observations to generate a new framework for understanding how children learn to use cameras through play-based activity. This framework suggests that research with children using still or video cameras may need to accommodate this learning within research designs and procedures in order to take full advantage of this medium. Pedagogical implications for using the framework to support young children's technological play are also considered.     

Video capsule endoscopy for previous overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in patients using anti‐thrombotic drugs

Background and Aim: Little is known about the causes of overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) in patients using anti‐thrombotic therapy. We aimed to describe video capsule endoscopy (VCE) findings and to identify factors associated with positive findings in these patients. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study of 56 patients who underwent VCE for evaluation of previous overt OGIB during anti‐thrombotic therapy. VCE studies were re‐evaluated by a gastroenterologist blinded to clinical details. Clinical data included in the multivariate analysis were sex, age, indication for and type of anti‐thrombotic therapy, hemodynamic instability on admission, type of blood loss, hemoglobin on admission, use of a proton pump inhibitor, NSAID use, time between bleeding episodes and VCE, and whether or not anti‐thrombotic therapy was resumed before the VCE study. Results: A probable cause for gastrointestinal bleeding was identified in 28 (50%) of the 56 studies. Angiodysplasia was found in 19 patients. Twenty‐two studies showed a possible cause in the small bowel. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that reinstitution of anti‐thrombotic therapy before VCE was carried out was the only independent predictor of positive VCE findings (OR: 8.61, 95% CI: 1.20–60.42, P = 0.032). Conclusions: Small intestinal angiodysplasia was the most common cause for overt OGIB. Reinstitution of withdrawn anti‐thrombotic drugs before the VCE examination was carried out was associated with positive VCE findings in multivariate analysis.     

Metachronous solitary mediastinal lymph node metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma treated by video‐assisted thoracic surgery twice: Report of a case

Solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. We report a case of metachronically solitary mediastinal metastases of HCC treated by video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) twice. A 66‐year‐old man underwent repeated laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation or trans‐arterial catheter chemo‐embolization against HCC for more than 10 years. The level of alpha fetoprotein protein was elevated, and radiological modalities including FDG‐PET revealed solitary mediastinal tumor metachronically. VATS was performed bilaterally twice. The postoperative course was uneventful and there had no recurrence of extra‐hepatic metastases and tumor markers are within normal limits at 18 months after second VATS. VATS is a minimally invasive and useful procedure for solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis of HCC. If primary HCC was controlled and lymph node metastasis was solitary, mediastinum lymphadenectomy using VATS might give good short and long term results.