智能视频分析系统在防范药品差错中的初步构建

目的:药品差错存在于临床用药的各个环节,直接关系到患者的生命健康.利用人工智能技术,构建药品差错智能视频分析系统,保障临床用药安全.方法:根据视频监控,采用人工智能中的深度神经网络技术,实时分析识别监控视频中药品的名称、规格、剂型、厂家和数量,与HIS中处方/医嘱的药品信息进行对比,若有药品差错,实时报警提醒.结果:药...     

Applicability Assessment of Different Materials for Standards Ensuring Comparability of Optical and Tactile Coordinate Measurements

Multisensor CMMs are systems with an established position on the market, but their popularity still grows, as they provide access to the advantages offered by tactile and contactless measurement methods. Yet there are still questions of the comparability of results obtained using the optical and tactile operation modes of multisensor system. This phenomenon can be assessed by measuring appropriate gauges, most often reference rings or spheres. Due to the completely different nature of probing processes for tactile and contactless measurements, the material from which reference object is made may significantly affect measurement results. In order to assess the influence of this factor on measurement accuracy, three reference spheres made from different materials were measured on optical multisensor CMMs. Measurements involved tactile measurements as well as optical measurements made using different probing systems: a video probe and white light sensor. Results obtained from performed experiments show large differences depending on the material used for spherical standard production. On the basis of obtained results, it can be stated that the best material for a reference object that can be used for comparability tests of tactile and optical measurements is a composite of alumina with at least one oxidic additive.     

微视频联合微信在《神经病学》教学中的应用

目的研究微视频课堂播放联合课后微信平台共享教学模式在《神经病学》应用的教学效果。方法将《神经病学》教学任务中常见疾病的症状、体征及诊疗录制成微小视频,将预防医学和临床医学专业的22个班级随机分成对照组和试验组,分别进行常规模式教学和常规模式结合微视频课堂播放联合课后微信平台共享教学模式,通过理论考试、病案分析、文献检索能力及问卷调查方式综合评估教学效果。结果与对照组比较,试验组小考试及典型病案分析成绩的及格率、优秀率及平均分均提高(P<0.05)。试验组最终考试的及格率更高(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义;两组最终考试的优秀率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组平均分更高(P<0.05)。结论微视频课堂播放联合课后微信平台共享教学模式在《神经病学》教学中的应用具有良好的教学效果。     

肾穿刺活检术前患者应用视频化健康教育的效果评价

目的 探讨视频化健康教育模式在肾穿刺活检术前的应用效果。 方法 选取2017年5月～12月我科行肾穿刺活检的慢性肾脏疾病患者240例,按入院先后顺序将患者分为对照组和试验组,5～8月120例为对照组,9～12月120例为试验组,对照组患者采用常规肾穿刺活检术前健康教育模式,试验组患者采用融入视频的健康教育模式进行肾穿刺活检术前健康教育,分别比较两组患者知识掌握程度、适应性训练准确率、对健康教育的满意度和护士宣教平均耗时之间的差异。 结果 两组患者肾穿刺活检知识掌握程度、适应性训练准确率和对健康教育的满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);护士术前宣教平均耗时比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 肾穿刺活检术前对患者采用视频化健康教育模式有利于提高健康教育效果和患者对护理工作的满意度,且不额外增加护士的工作耗时,值得在临床中推广应用。     

Sleep quality is negatively related to video gaming volume in adults

Most literature on the relationship between video gaming and sleep disturbances has looked at children and adolescents. There is little research on such a relationship in adult samples. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of video game volume with sleep quality in adults via face‐to‐face interviews using standardized questionnaires. Adults (n = 844, 56.2% women), aged 18–94 years old, participated in the study. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and gaming volume was assessed by asking the hours of gaming on a regular weekday (Mon–Thurs), Friday and weekend day (Sat–Sun). Adjusting for gender, age, educational level, exercise and perceived stress, results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that video gaming volume was a significant predictor of sleep quality (β = 0.145), fatigue (β = 0.109), insomnia (β = 0.120), bedtime (β = 0.100) and rise time (β = 0.168). Each additional hour of video gaming per day delayed bedtime by 6.9 min (95% confidence interval 2.0–11.9 min) and rise time by 13.8 min (95% confidence interval 7.8–19.7 min). Attributable risk for having poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5) due to gaming >1 h day was 30%. When examining the components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index using multinomial regression analysis (odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals), gaming volume significantly predicted sleep latency, sleep efficiency and use of sleep medication. In general, findings support the conclusion that gaming volume is negatively related to the overall sleep quality of adults, which might be due to underlying mechanisms of screen exposure and arousal.     

面向医疗护理的视觉监控医院患者跌倒检测

提出一种面向医院患者的视觉监控跌倒检测算法,解决患者由于意外跌倒不能被及时发现的问题,为医护人员快速处理患者跌倒等异常行为提供必要的技术保障。方法:首先,基于深度神经网络模型检测监控图像中人体关节点（如肩部、肘部、腕部、胯部、膝关节等）在图像中的位置,再根据亲和度向量场模型提取人体骨架,最后计算患者躯干、腿部与地面的夹角作为判别性特征,判断监控区域内是否有患者出现意外跌倒。结果:实验结果表明,本文所提算法在实际的医院监护环境中的处理速度高达25帧/s,检测准确率高达96%。结论:该方法能够实时、准确地提取医院环境下患者的行为特征,并针对意外跌倒情况发出警报,为医护人员监测患者跌倒等异常行为提供更准确、方便的计算机辅助医疗护理方法。     

视频探视系统在ICU的应用及效果

目的探索将视频探视系统应用于重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)的效果,探讨体现人文关怀、杜绝交叉感染的新型ICU探视与管理模式。方法将2007年9月至2009年1月期间入住创伤重症监护病房(trauma intensive careunit,TICU)的192例患者作为观察组,采取视频探视方式;将同期入住急救内科重症监护病房(emertency intensive care unit,EICU)的211例患者作为对照组,采取入室探视方式,比较两个监护室物体表面的细菌数及家属满意度、监护室在班护士压力。结果观察组监护室物体表面细菌数采样的超标率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=57.94,P<0.01);观察组患者家属对探视方式的满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.61,P<0.01);对照组调查的15名护理人员中,有13名工作压力过大,观察组调查的15名护理人员中,有3名工作压力过大,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.21,P<0.01)。结论利用视频探视系统对ICU重症患者进行探视不仅可有效控制医院感染,而且较大程度上满足了患者及家属的心理需求,缓解了家属的焦虑情绪,减轻了护理人员的工作量,减少了探视管理成本,体现了以人为本的服务理念。     

Strategies for Distance Education

Abstract

Advances in and access to technology have loosened academia's ties to the traditional classroom. In this paper we present our experiences in developing, implementing, and evaluating three approaches to distance education. The first program was delivered by interactive videoconferencing and provided multiple gerontological lessons for Extension agents gathered at two different sites in Virginia. The second program was a graduate-level course taught simultaneously at multiple sites also using interactive videoconferencing. The third program was a full-fledged Internet course whose target audience included students enrolled in a gerontology certificate program. The overall strengths of the programs included enhancing the instructors' ability to reach students in a variety of locations without leaving campus and expanding the flexibility and availability of course offerings. The weaknesses and constraints of the various approaches centered on the amount of instructor time necessary to develop and implement the instructional units, technological problems, and student involvement and motivation.