小儿输尿管囊肿(附20例报告)

目的对１９９０～１９９８年间收治的２０例输尿管囊肿患者的诊治资料进行总结。方法２０例均行ＩＶＵ及Ｂ超检查。１８例行上肾段及输尿管切除或囊肿切除加膀胱输尿管再吻合术,行经尿道内窥镜囊肿切开及经膀胱双侧输尿管囊肿去顶术各１例。结果Ｂ超诊断符合率为７５％。Ｂ超结合ＩＶＵ诊断符合率达１００％。１３例行上肾段及输尿管切除术,５例行输尿管囊肿切除、输尿管膀胱再吻合术,１例行经尿道内窥镜囊肿切开术,行经膀胱双侧输尿管囊肿去顶术１例。除１例上肾段及输尿管切除术后仍反复泌尿系感染而再行输尿管残端及囊肿切除外,均一次手术治愈。结论Ｂ超及ＩＶＵ二者结合可明显提高诊断符合率。上肾段及输尿管切除或囊肿切除加输尿管膀胱再吻合术方法简单,效果良好,是基本治疗手段之一。对膀胱内型输尿管囊肿、新生儿输尿管囊肿以及输尿管囊肿合并严重泌尿系感染者,可先行经尿道内窥镜囊肿切开术。     

输尿管囊肿超声诊断的临床意义

目的探讨输尿管囊肿的超声检查及临床意义。方法回顾分析经临床手术证实的18例输尿管囊肿患者的临床特点、超声表现、静脉尿路造影及膀胱镜检查结果。结果超声对18例输尿管囊肿做出正确诊断,超声诊断符合率100％。结论超声能够正确诊断输尿管囊肿,可作为临床医生诊断榆尿管囊肿的首选方法。     

一例钬激光治疗小儿输尿管囊肿的护理

输尿管囊肿又称输尿管膨出,关于发病率各家的报告各异[1].目前手术是治疗输尿管囊肿确切有效的方法.小儿输尿管囊肿现多采用开放手术治疗,但开放性手术创伤大、住院时间长,而腔镜手术治疗鲜有报道[2].我院2010年9月收治1例小儿输尿管囊肿患儿,经输尿管镜钬激光治疗,术后患儿排尿通畅,无输尿管尿液返流,效果满意.现将围术期护理报告如下.     

Pediatric Ureteroceles: Diagnosis,Management and Treatment Options

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of ureteroceles particularly for diagnostic and treatment challenges.

Methods

Data about patients treated for ureterocele in the two hospital clinics during 1996- 2009 are retrospectively evaluated.

Findings

There were 12 girls and 7 boys. Symptomatic urinary tract infection was found in twelve cases. Ureterocele was associated with duplex systems in eleven cases. Vesicoureteral reflux was detected in 4 patients. Bladder diverticulum complicated with ureterocele in 1 patient. Ultrasonography diagnosed ureterocele in 12 patients. Renal scarring was detected in 6 patients at the side of ureterocele. Fifteen patients showed varying degrees of hydro-ureteronephrosis. Surgical therapy included upper pole nephrectomy in 3 cases. Bladder level reconstruction was performed in 11 cases. Five patients were treated only by endoscopic incision. In the follow up period 4 patients showed long term urinary tract infections whereas 3 of them were treated endoscopically. Postoperative reflux was still present in two patients who were treated by endoscopic incision.

Conclusion

Ureterocele diagnosis and treatment show challenges. Urinary tract infection is important marker for urinary system evaluation. Preoperative management generally depends on a combination of diagnostic methods. Endoscopic incision needs serious follow up for postoperative problems.     

Structural features of three ureterocele calculi

Ureterocele calculi are developed in cavities with urinary retention but far from the upper renal cavities. The structural features of three ureterocele calcium oxalate stones were observed by scanning electron microscope coupled with X ray microanalysis. The urinary parameters of the three patients were also determined. The stone A consisted of loose structure of large calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals and small spheres of hydroxyapatite. The interior contains disorganized plate-like calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. The stone B was formed by a compact outer layer of calcium oxalate monohydrate columnar crystals. The structure of stone interior was similar to the stone A. The stone C was formed by concentric layers composed of either calcium oxalate monohydrate columnar crystals or hydroxyapatite. The core consisted of agglomerated calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, hydroxyapatite and organic matter. From the urinary biochemical data it was deduced that two ureterocele patients (who formed A and B stones) were hypercalciuric (calcium > 300 mg/24 h), being 6.5 the urinary pH value of the patient that formed the A stone, and 7.0 the urinary pH of the patient that formed the C stone. The rest of urinary parameters for the three patients were normal. Thus, one of the requisite conditions for unattached stone development is the existence of a place inside the urinary tract where the solid particles that act as calculus initiator of the stone can be retained enough time to exert this action.     

输尿管囊肿影像学诊断价值(附18例分析)

目的：探讨输尿管囊肿影像学诊断的价值。方法：应用B超、CT、静脉尿路造影(IVU)综合检查，诊断18例输尿管囊肿合并重肾双输尿管畸形，并与手术结果进行对比。结果：B超、CT、IVU均诊断18例为输尿管囊肿。其中，B超均可显示囊肿大小及变化；CT诊断14例膀胱内外均呈囊性扩张，4例仅膀胱内输尿管囊性扩张，18例合并上肾积水，及重肾、双输尿管畸形。IVU诊断12例上肾积水，9例明确为重肾双输尿管畸形。结论：输尿管囊肿需经B超、CT、IVU联合诊断明确是否合并肾畸形及囊肿的分型，指导治疗方案的制定。     

Surgical management of complete ureteric duplication abnormalities

In 2 decades (1974–1993), the senior author (S.A.) managed 148 patients with various abnormalities associated with complete ureteric duplication. Included were 72 patients with primary vesicoureteric reflux, 50 with ureteroceles, and 26 with upper-pole ectopic ureters. The majority of the patients were female, and the common clinical presentations included urinary tract infection (UTI), UTI with septicemia, and urinary incontinence. Ten cases were diagnosed after recognition of a renal abnormality on prenatal ultrasonography, an avenue that has provided new challenges, new opportunities, and new dilemmas. This review article is based on the authors' experience together with an analysis of current emphasis on early diagnosis, minimal surgery, and maximum preservation of renal function. Accepted: 15 October 1996