Combined Reduced Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) and Peripheral Artery Disease in Sedentary Elders With Functional Limitations

ObjectivesBecause they are potentially modifiable and may coexist, we evaluated the combined occurrence of a reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), including its association with exertional symptoms, physical inactivity, and impaired mobility, in sedentary elders with functional limitations.DesignCross sectional.SettingLifestyle Interventions and Independence in Elder (LIFE) Study.ParticipantsA total of 1307 sedentary community-dwelling persons, mean age 78.9, with functional limitations (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] <10).MeasurementsA reduced FEV1 was defined by a z-score less than −1.64 (<lower limit of normal), whereas PAD was defined by an ankle-brachial index less than 1.00. Exertional dyspnea was defined as moderate to severe (modified Borg index) immediately after a 400-meter walk test (400MWT). Exertional leg symptoms were established by the San Diego Claudication Questionnaire. Physical inactivity was evaluated by percent of accelerometry wear-time with activity less than 100 counts per minute (top quartile established high sedentary time). Mobility was evaluated by the 400MWT (gait speed <0.8 m/s defined as slow) and SPPB (≤7 defined moderate-to-severe mobility impairment).ResultsA combined reduced FEV1 and PAD was established in 6.0% (78/1307) of participants. However, among those who had a reduced FEV1, 34.2% (78/228) also had PAD, whereas 20.8% (78/375) of those who had PAD also had a reduced FEV1. The 2 combined conditions were associated with exertional dyspnea (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] 2.59 [1.20–5.60]) and slow gait speed (adjOR 3.15 [1.72–5.75]) but not with exertional leg symptoms, high sedentary time, and moderate-to-severe mobility impairment.ConclusionsIn sedentary community-dwelling elders with functional limitations, a reduced FEV1 and PAD frequently coexisted and, in combination, were strongly associated with exertional dyspnea and slow gait speed (a frailty indicator that increases the risk of deleterious outcomes).     

Screening for subclinical subclavian artery stenosis before coronary artery bypass grafting: Should we do it?

Atherosclerotic subclavian artery disease is detected in about 5% of patients referred for coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery. The internal mammary artery, a branch of the subclavian artery, is the most frequently utilized graft to restore coronary circulation because of its longevity. Stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery can cause retrograde blood flow in the ipsilateral internal mammary artery, known as “steal,” compromising coronary circulation supplied by the graft. Steal may be asymptomatic or may result in symptoms of myocardial ischemia. Symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis post bypass is referred to as coronary subclavian steal syndrome post‐CABG. The incidence is not well defined, and the benefits of screening patients referred for CABG are not known. Despite the various modalities available to detect subclavian artery stenosis, current guidelines fail to provide guidance about screening high‐risk patients for this entity. Detection of subclavian artery disease prior to CABG can reduce complications posed by post‐mammary artery graft cardiac ischemia. This review discusses the utility of preoperative subclavian artery screening prior to CABG.     

大剂量静脉滴注丙种球蛋白防止川崎病患儿冠伏动脉损害的效果评价及护理

目的 探讨大剂量静脉滴注丙种球蛋白防止川崎病患儿冠状动脉损害的效果.方法 将82例川崎病患儿依据治疗方法分为观察组和对照组各41例,观察组患儿采用大剂量丙种球蛋白冲击治疗,对照组应用常规用量进行治疗.对照组采取常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上按症状实施针对性的护理措施.比较2组的治疗及护理效果.结果 观察组发生冠状动脉扩张1例,对照组发生8例,观察组发生率显著低于对照组.主要观察指标如发热、淋巴结肿大及皮肤黏膜改变的恢复时间观察组明显较对照组缩短.结论 良好细致的护理和健康教育指导,可增加患儿及家属对川崎病的了解,积极配合医疗各个环节,可减少并发症,加快疾病康复.     

颈动脉超声在无症状脑梗死患者中的应用分析

目的分析无症状脑梗死患者的颈动脉超声特点及应用价值。方法选取2015-12—2016-11于我院接受治疗的无症状脑梗死患者40例(观察组),症状性脑梗死40例(症状组),另选取健康体检者32例为对照组,回顾性分析其颈动脉彩超特征。结果斑块检出率、IMT厚度、Crouse斑块积分及斑块形态3组组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);狭窄程度观察组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组与症状组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);3组颈内动脉血流参数比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),颈总动脉血流参数观察组与症状组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论存在颈部动脉硬化及斑块但尚未明确诊断无症状脑梗死者,颈动脉彩超观察斑块的形态和性质尤为重要;诊断明确的无症状脑梗死患者,应常规筛查颈动脉超声评估斑块情况,定期监测颈动脉斑块及血流参数变化,给予早期干预,预防疾病进一步发展。     

Treatment of Acute Rejection

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Apelin expressed in endothelial and other tissues including brain and kidney is an adipocytokine defined recently and is emerging an important mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to test whether apelin levels might be associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in peritoneal dialysis patients. Patients and methods: Fifty peritoneal dialysis patients (25 female, mean age 41.4?±?11.9 years, mean dialysis vintage 65.0?±?35.4 months) and 18 healthy individuals (9 female, mean age 41.7?±?6.8 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum apelin 12 levels, echocardiographic findings and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were recorded as well as clinical and laboratory data. Results: There were no differences between the patient and the control groups with regard to demographic characteristics. In patient group, LVMI, CIMT, CRP and apelin levels were elevated compared to control group. However there was no association between apelin, LVMI and CIMT. There was a positive correlation between apelin and CRP, which was not statistically significant. When patients were divided into two groups according to the mean serum apelin levels, LVMI, CIMT and CRP were higher in the high apelin group but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: We observed an increased inflammation and CVD risk in peritoneal dialysis patients. However, serum apelin levels seem not to be associated with cardiovascular risk in this group of patients.     

阿利吉仑与氨氯地平对肾动脉狭窄性大鼠斑块部位MMP9表达的比较研究

目的 选择一肾一夹（1K1C）、二肾一夹（2K1C）肾动脉狭窄性大鼠主动脉弓作为研究对象,比较阿利吉仑与苯磺酸氨氯地平对斑块部位基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP9）表达的影响.方法 将健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、1K1C组及2K1C组,行平行针灸针缩窄法造模及高脂饲养10周,生理盐水组：0.9% NS 2 ml/d、阿利吉仑组：50 mg/（kg·d）、苯磺酸氨氯地平组：6 mg/（kg·d）,4周后游离并切取SD大鼠主动脉弓,采用免疫组织化学法检测斑块部位MMP9的表达,Western-blot检测MMP9的表达.结果 1K1C及2K1C苯磺酸氨氯地平组与生理盐水组比较,其斑块部位MMP9的表达差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）;但阿利吉仑各组差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）.结论 苯磺酸氨氯地平对2K1C和1K1C大鼠斑块部位MMP9的表达无明显抑制作用,而阿利吉仑均可抑制各组斑块部位MMP9的表达,提示阿利吉仑稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块的作用可能优于苯磺酸氨氯地平.     

血塞通对 MCAO 大鼠不同恢复时间点Nogo-A 蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨血塞通冻干粉注射液对大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型不同恢复时间点7d，14d，28d大脑皮层的主要抑制因子Nogo-A表达的影响。方法健康雄性SD大鼠，随机分为手术组和非手术组，手术组采用改良Longa方法建立大脑中动脉阻塞（ MCAO）模型，待大鼠术后清醒2h后，进行EZLonga评分，根据评分和体重随机分为血塞通大剂量组（7．2mg／100g）、小剂量组（3．6mg／100g）、尼莫地平组（1．44mg／100g）、模型组（生理盐水），于手术当日开始给药。待7d，14d，28d时，各组取6～8只动物，迅速取脑，于视交叉处将大脑前后分开，前端脑放入10％的甲醛中固定，48h后用PBS将脑组织洗净，石蜡包埋切片，用免疫组织化学染色方法观察不同时间点Nogo-A的表达变化，分别对梗死区、梗死周边区进行平均光密度分析。结果梗死区随着时间的延长，Nogo-A的表达逐渐减弱，在各时间点内，血塞通组和尼莫地平组Nogo-A的表达高于模型组。梗死周边区，模型组Nogo-A的表达趋势是7 d时已经高表达，14 d达到高峰，28 d比14 d略低，但仍保持较高水平，在各时间点，血塞通组比同时间点内的模型组表达低，与模型组差异显著（P＜0．05）。结论血塞通可以保护大鼠梗死区及梗死周边区的神经细胞，可以下调梗死周边区不同恢复时间点Nogo-A的表达。血塞通可能是通过下调Nogo-A的表达来实现大脑神经功能的重塑重建作用。