糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿氧化应激状况及影响因素分析

Objective To investigate the oxidative stress state in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),and analyze whether any observed abnormalities were related to metabolic disturbances.Methods Four groups of subjects were studied,comprising with 22 patients with DKA(group 1),18 diabetic children with medium metabolic control,whose glycated hemoglobin(HbAlc) below 9%(group 2),22 children with poorly controlled diabetes,whose Hbal c above 9%(group 3),and 36 healthy control children(group 4).Malondialdehyde(MDA),nitrate oxidase(NO),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and metabolic parameters such as fasting blood glucose,HbAlc,blood gas analysis,serum ion,renal function of the subjects were measured.Results Mean serum MDA value was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2(P ＜0.01) and group 4(P ＜0.01),but was not different from that in group 3 (P ＞0.05).Serum levels of NO were significantly higher in group 1,2 and 3 compared with group 4(P＜0.01).Serum levels of GSH-Px were significantly lower in group 1,2 and 3 than in group 4(P＜0.01).There were no significant differences of serum SOD value among the four groups(P＞0.05).Both serum MDA and NO values in the diabetic patients(groups 1 +2 +3) were positively related to HbAlc(r=0.375,P ＜0.01;r=0.250,P ＜0.05),and serum SOD values in the DKA patients were negatively related to HbAlc(r= -0.507,P＜0.05),there were not any significant relationship between the other oxidative markers and metabolic parameters.Conclusion There is an increase of oxidative stress and decrease of antioxygenic ability in DKA children,and these changes tend to correlate more with markers of diabetic imbalance than with parameters of acute metabolic disturbances of DKA.     

2-取代亚肼基-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷类化合物的合成及抗菌活性

目的为了寻找高效、低毒的农用杀菌剂,用超声波法合成新型的2-取代亚肼基-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷类化合物。方法以CS2、NH2NH2·H2O、BrCH2CH2Br为原料,在超声波辐射下合成中间体1,3-二硫杂环戊烷,然后再和取代芳香醛缩合得到3种未见文献报道的新化合物。结果总收率在60%以上。结构经IR,MS,1HNMR和元素分析所确证。结论该类化合物合成方法简单。初步的生物活性实验表明,这3种化合物对大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、草绿色链球菌等有较好的抑杀作用。     

脂蛋白(a)检测在脑梗死患者中的应用

目的 :探讨脂蛋白 (a) [Lp(a) ]在脑梗死患者中的应用价值。方法 :检测 68例脑梗死患者急性期和恢复期中血清Lp(a)、甘油三酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)等水平的变化 ,并选 71例健康人作为对照组 ;同时比较脑梗死患者急性期与恢复期血脂的变化。结果 :脑梗死组的Lp(a)、TC、LDL、ApoB明显高于对照组 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;ApoA1明显低于对照组 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。脑梗死患者急性期LDL水平比恢复期明显降低 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,其他指标无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。Lp(a)与其他 6项指标之间均无相关性。结论 :Lp(a)在脑梗死患者发病急性期与稳定期中是一个独立的危险因素 ,可作为反映脑梗死患者脂类代谢异常的重要指标 ,对判断脑梗死的预后可能具有重要意义     

超声筛查胎儿浅表软组织包块技巧

【摘要】 目的 探讨二维及三维超声筛查胎儿浅表软组织包块的技巧。方法 采用垂直胎儿体表横切、纵切及切线位相结合的扫查方法对2016年1~12月在成都市温江区妇幼保健院及四川省妇女儿童中心医院接受系统筛查的9835例胎儿与2015年1~12月未采用该方法在医院接受系统筛查的9856例胎儿进行对比研究,分析两组胎儿浅表软组织包块阳性率的差异。结果 2016年采用垂直胎儿体表横切、纵切及切线位扫查相结合的方法筛查胎儿浅表软组织,其浅表软组织包块阳性率明显高于2015年未采用该方法筛查胎儿软组织的包块阳性率,差异有显著性（P＜005）,在2016年研究组的9835例胎儿筛查出13例软组织包块,阳性率为013%,出生或引产结果证实漏诊1例,2015年对照组的9856例胎儿筛查出3例浅表软组织包块,阳性率为003%,漏诊12例。结论 采用垂直胎儿体表横切、纵切及切线位相结合的扫查技巧筛查胎儿浅表软组织可明显提高浅表软组织包块的检出率,可在临床中推广应用。     

Intraocular inflammation after Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty for the treatment of glaucoma

This is a prospective interventional clinical study evaluating intraocular inflammation developed after Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty (UCP) for the treatment of glaucoma. Eighteen eyes of 18 patients were treated with UCP second-generation probes (Eye OP1). After treatment, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) significantly decreased from 26.8±7.2 to 18.8±6.1 mm Hg at day 1 and to 14.7±3.4 mm Hg at month 6 (all P<0.001). Mean laser flare-cell photometry value steeply increased after surgery from 12.1±7.5 to 64.1±53.9 ph/ms (P=0.001) at day 1, and then progressively decreased to respectively 60.6±49.7 at day 7, 43.5±38.5 at day 14 and 28.2±18.3 at month 1 (all P<0.05), returning at levels similar to baseline ones at month 3 and month 6 (respectively 16.7±6.2 and 12.8±10.2, both P>0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between postoperative increase of aqueous flare values and anterior chamber depth (R=-0.568, P=0.014). This timeframe may be considered reasonable for repeating UCP treatment, when required.     

MSCT参数优化和图像质量的相关性研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）诸扫描参数对图像质量的影响，以进一步提高MSCT图像的质量。方法固定扫描条件，分别对两种不同密度材料的质量控制体模进行扫描。在质量控制体模的左、中、右各选取1个431．43mm2的感兴趣区（ROI），改变其中某个扫描条件（如层厚、电压、曝光量、螺距），对质量控制模各扫描10次，计算CT值（X±SD），并比较各条件下两种质量控制体模的CT值。结果在固定扫描条件下，随曝光量、层厚的增加，CT图像对应各材料的平均CT值变化不明显，而SD明显减小；随着管电压的升高，CT图像对应各材料的平均CT值和SD明显减小；随着螺距的增大，CT图像对应各材料的平均CT值无明显变化，而SD增加较为明显。结论CT图像质量与扫描参数密切相关，并且各扫捕参数之间既相互影响，又相互制约。     

Ultrasound guidance of embryo transfer: A role for midwife

ObjectiveEvaluate the role of midwife with no experience in assisting ultrasound guided embryo transfer.MethodsA prospective randomized study comparing results of IVF after ultrasound guided embryo transfer (ET) assisted either by a midwife with no formal training in US, or by a doctor trained to guide. ET procedure was performed on 553 patients undergoing ultrasound guided ET. The number of embryos transferred, the pregnancy rate (PR), the incidence of extrauterine pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy rate, the implantation rate (IR), difficulty of embryo transfer and quality of US assistance were compared among the groups.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding the number of embryos transferred (2.5 + 0.7 Group A vs 2.4 + 0.8 Group B) implantation rate (15.6% Group A vs 15.2% Group B), pregnancy rate (34.3% Group A vs 36.2% Group B), ongoing pregnancy rate (23.4% Group A vs 23.9% Group B), and rate of extrauterine pregnancies (1.4% Group A vs 1% Group B). Difficult transfers (2.9% Group A vs 3.6% Group B) and unsatisfactory visualization of uterus and catheter (6.2% Group A vs 7.3% Group B) were also similar in both groups of patients.DiscussionHaving an inexperienced nurse or midwife to perform ultrasound guidance during ET does not markedly affect the clinical results compared to using experienced clinicians for this purpose.     

Ultrasound of the paediatric urogenital tract

Pathology in the urinary tract is one of the most frequent queries when children are referred for an ultrasound examination. Comprehensive ultrasound examinations can answer most clinical questions of the urogenital tract with minimal patient preparation and without the use of ionising radiation. Therefore, optimised imaging protocols should be available in all radiology departments where children are examined. This review suggests a preferred imaging protocol for urogenital imaging in children and gives an overview of the different structures of the urogenital tract, the normal age-related sonographic anatomy, and gives examples of the most commonly encountered diseases of the urogenital system in children.