穿刺针导引技术在超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞中的应用

目的设计超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞时的穿刺针导引器,并在体外和临床上验证其效果。方法自制一个穿刺针导引器,其主要部分是一个双层的扇形不锈钢薄片。选择80例在臂丛神经阻滞下行上肢手术的患者,随机分为自由手组和导引组,每组40人。由四位麻醉医师实施在超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞(锁骨上入路),每位医师完成20例,10例用自由手技术,10例用穿刺针导引器引导技术。记录穿刺针的主观可视性、阻滞完成时间、临床效果以及麻醉医师和患者对臂丛神经阻滞的满意度。结果导引组的针的主观可视性显著优于自由手组(P<0.05);导引组的阻滞完成时间明显短于自由手组(P<0.01);麻醉医师使用导引技术的满意度高于使用自由手技术(P<0.05)。结论使用穿刺针引导技术更容易完成超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞。     

原发性胆囊癌的影像学诊断(附52例分析)

目的:探讨超声、CT和MRI在胆囊癌诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析52例经手术及病理证实的胆囊癌的超声、CT和MRI资料。结果:52例胆囊癌术前超声诊断符合率为73.1%(38/52),CT诊断符合率为75%(39/52),MRI符合率为83.3%(15/18)。其中合并慢性胆囊炎伴胆囊结石21例(40.4%)。影像表现为4种类型:胆囊壁增厚型(16例),乳头结节型(15例),混合型(壁厚和结节8例),实体型(13例)。结论:超声、CT和MRI对胆囊癌的诊断具有重要的临床价值,合理的应用能更好地指导临床治疗和术后疗效观察。     

B超引导下经皮肝穿刺肝静脉成形术 在布-加综合征介入治疗中的应用

目的 探讨B超引导下经皮肝穿刺肝静脉成形术在布-加综合征的介入治疗中的应用价值和疗效。方法 对7例下腔静脉狭窄同时合并肝静脉狭窄或闭塞的布-加综合征患者，在施行下腔静脉成形术后，采用B超引导下经皮肝静脉穿刺的方法，实施肝静脉球囊扩张术或支架植入术。结果 7例患者在单独实施下腔静脉成形术效果不显著的情况下，在B超引导下实施肝静脉成形术，2例单纯球囊扩张，5例植入支架，无严重并发症，术后腹水、下肢水肿等症状有不同程度改善。结论 B超引导下的经皮肝静脉穿刺肝静脉成形术，定位准确，实施快捷，对合并肝静脉狭窄或梗阻的布-加综合征患者症状的缓解有明显效果。     

Influence of handedness on calcaneal ultrasound: Implications for assessment of osteoporosis and study design

Calcaneal ultrasound has been increasingly studied for its potential in the assessment of osteoporotic fracture risk. The accuracy of such an assessment is, in part, dependent on the reproducibility of the measurement. This study examines the impact of handedness on ultrasound measurements [broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and velocity of sound (VOS)] in the calcaneus. Two hundred and sixty-four subjects (57 men and 297 women) aged 51.1+13.6 years (mean ± SD) were studied. For each subject, calcaneal ultrasound measurements were performed on both heels with a McCue CUBA ultrasound densitometer. Right-handed dominance (94.7%) was determined by structured interview. In men, BUA measurements were significantly higher on the dominant side: mean difference 4.1±1.5 dB/MHz (mean ± SD;p=0.009), equivalent to 4.2+1.5% and more than 4 times the average rate of annual change in BUA. The difference between sides was greater in young (<50 years) than old men (>50 years). Among the women, the difference was not statistically significant (0.7±0.9 dB/MHz;p=0.4); however, it was significant in younger women (20–30 years) (99±4 vs 90±4 dB/MHz,p=0.01). By contrast VOS did not differ between sides in either men or women irrespective of age. Within-subject standard deviation of BUA was 9.8 dB/MHz for men and 8.6 dB/ MHz for women and the component due to right and left difference was 8.4 dB/MHz for men and 6.9 dB/MHz for women. This variability of BUA between right and left heels could increase the false-positive rate by up to 28% for a cut-off of 2 SD below the mean. These data indicate that variation between left and right heel measurements of BUA is higher than that of random error measurements, particularly in men and younger, presumably more physically active subjects. Although VOS measurements were not side dependent, in the smaller number of studies examining VOS and fracture risk, VOS appears to have a weaker predictive power than BUA. Clinical and epidemiological studies involving calcaneal BUA measurements should standardize the side measured to either the dominant or non-dominant heel, to reduce within-subject variation and increase their power.     

37例传染性非典型肺炎流行病学调查与讨论

目的了解传染性非典型肺炎(SARS)流行病学的特点,提出相应的预防和控制措施.方法采取现场调查、网上电子病历审查、电话询问等方法.结果37例SARS患者的治愈率为89.2%,病死率8.1%,有接触史患者占37.8%.由于执行了严格的消毒隔离制度,医院内无任何人员感染发病.结论SARS患者在年龄上以青壮年为多,职业类以商业餐饮食人员为多.     

Sonographic patterns in extranold abdominal lymphomas

Between 1980 and 1993, 680 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and Hodgkin's disese (HD) were studied by ultrasonography. In 210 patients a total of 254 extranodular abdominal lymphoma inflitrates were diagnosed. Infiltrates were confirmed histologically in 118 patients and through the clinical course and follow-up studies in 92 patients. Lymphoma infiltrates were seen most frequently in the spleen (N = 101), the gastrointestinal tract (n=70), the liver (n = 47), the kidneys (n = 17) and other organs (n = 19). The sonographic features of lymphomatous infiltrates in different extranodal sites are described, and possible correlations between lymphoma subtypes and sonographic texture characteristics are investigated. Different infiltration patterns of lymphoma subtypes could be indentical in liver and spleen. High-grade NHLs most frequently showed large-nodular lesions, whereas low-grade NHLs and HD showed a tendency towards small-nodular or diffuse lesions. The role of ultrasonography in the clinical management of lymphoma pateins is discussed.Correspondece to: C. Görg     

Imaging studies of the cadaver hand using transmission ultrasound

Ultrasonic transmission imaging has already demonstrated potential for evaluating structures in the hand. In this study, a cadaver hand was imaged using a transmission scanner with improved imaging capability. The hand was then frozen and serially sectioned and comparisons were made between the sectional anatomy and the corresponding image. Bone (in silhouette), muscle, cartilage, and tendon were visualized with high resolution.     

230例隐睾临床分析

目的　总结隐睾及其并发症的诊治经验 ,提高对隐睾合理治疗年龄的认识。　方法　回顾性分析 1996至 2 0 0 1年 2 30例 2 99侧隐睾患者诊治资料。就诊时年龄 1～ 5 9岁 ,平均 (9.5± 9.0 )岁。左侧 88例 ,右侧 73例 ,双侧 6 9例。合并尿道下裂 11例 ,隐匿性阴茎 2例。　结果　 2岁以内手术治疗患者 2 5例 (10 .9% )。手术治疗 2 89侧 ,其中行一期下降固定术 2 73侧 ,另外疑为萎缩或恶变而行手术切除送病理 15侧 ,探查缺如 1侧。手术 2 89侧中 2 73例下降固定术后随访 4个月～ 5年 ,2 70例未见睾丸回缩及萎缩 ,成功率 98.9% (2 70 / 2 73侧 )。腹外型 2 6 0侧 (90 .0 % ) ,腹内型 2 5侧 (8.7% ) ,缺如 4侧 (1.4 % )。合并斜疝 74侧 (2 5 .6 % ) ,鞘状突未闭 2 4侧 (8.3% ) ,睾丸附睾分离 33侧 (11.4 % )。14 6侧腹外型隐睾B超检查符合率 86 .3% (12 6 / 14 6 ) ,查体符合率 6 3.0 % (92 / 14 6 ) ,P <0 .0 0 5。　结论　 2岁以内最佳手术时机的隐睾患者诊治率明显偏低 ,应引起重视。B超对隐睾的定位诊断符合率较高。     

后房型人工晶状体植入术后的超声生物显微镜观察

目的：探讨后房型人工晶状体植入术后眼前节结构的改变。确切定位人工晶状体襻的位置。观察人工晶状体襻对于周围组织的影响。方法：白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术的50名患者（50眼）于术前，术后1周及三个月进行超声生物显微镜观察。结果：术后前房深度，房角宽度押送术前显著增加。人工晶状体中囊袋内植入者36枚（72%）。睫状沟植入者6枚（12%），不对称植入者8枚（16%）。人工晶状体光学部倾斜1眼（2%）。人工晶状体襻推挤虹膜根部2眼（4%）。人工晶状体襻睫状沟侵蚀3眼（6%）。术后1周2眼（4%）眼压升高。皮质少量残留5眼（10%）。结论：囊袋内为后房型人工晶状体植入的理想位置。可保证人工晶状体的良好位置。避免人工晶状体襻对于色素膜组织的干扰及对血-房水屏蔽的损伤，从而减少并发症的发生。     

Amebic abscess of the liver manifested by “hemoptysis”: US,CT, and MRI findings

Ultrasonographic (US), computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a patient suffering from an amebic abscess of the liver complicated by a bronchohepatic fistula are presented. Subsequent to US, CT provided the specific diagnosis. Multiplanar MRI was valuable to directly visualize the secondary diaphragmatic rupture and the bronchohepatic fistula.