侧脑室脑膜瘤的诊断及显微手术治疗

目的 探讨侧脑室内脑膜瘤诊断特点及显微手术方法.方法 MRI和/或CT确诊并行显微手术切除侧脑室脑膜瘤24例,其中2例内窥镜辅助切除.肿瘤位于左侧三角区13例,右侧三角区7例,右侧体部1例,横跨双侧三角区1例,左侧颞角2例.顶枕入路15例,颞中回入路7例,经胼胝体后部入路2例.结果 24例影像学诊断与术后病理相符合,均给予全切.完整切除5例,分块切除19例.18例获得随访,完全正常10例,3例复发再次手术全切,癫痫2例,同向性偏盲3例.结论 CT和MRI是诊断侧脑室脑膜瘤的最可靠的手段,显微手术是目前侧脑室脑膜瘤的首选治疗方法.     

Ultrasonographic findings in gastric cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies

Ultrasonography was performed in 45 cases of gastric cancer. Specimens from all 45 cases of gastric cancer were subjects to ultrasonographic study by the water immersion method for comparison with histology. In 32 of these 45 cases in vivo ultrasonographic evaluation was performed prospectively. The overall accuracy rates for the diagnosis of the depth of cancerous invasion were almost 80% in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vivo ultrasonographic findings agreed well with those from the specimen studies. Ultrasonography was considered to be useful in the diagnosis of gastric malignancies.     

Influence of Bone Quality on Precision of Calcaneal Ultrasonometry

This study was designed to determine the changes in precision of the ultrasound parameters speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and stiffness index (SI) as a function of bone quality. The instrument used in this investigation was the LUNAR Achilles. Of the 608 female patients who had paired measurements with repositioning, 200 had t scores ≥−1 and 408 had t scores ≤−2.5, thus rendering a normal and a grossly abnormal group for comparison of precision results. It was found that the median precision error (CV%) for BUA was 1.99% for normal bone and 1.44% for abnormal bone (P= 0.02). No significant difference was obtained between median precision errors in normal and abnormal bone for the parameters SOS and SI, which were 0.23% and 0.19%, and 2.15% and 2.02%, respectively. In the interquartile range, the mean precision errors for SOS and BUA were significantly different in normal and abnormal bone: SOS was 0.25% and 0.21%, respectively, and BUA was 2.31% and 1.85%, respectively. No significant change was registered for SI. Precision error appears to decrease slightly at lower values for calcaneal variables. Received: 21 August 1996 / Accepted: 5 March 1997     

Diffuse liver disease: MRI with Gd-DTPA versus CT and ultrasound

Twenty-nine patients with diffuse liver disease were examined by ultrasound, CT and MRI. MRI was performed using T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences as well as fast gradient-echo-sequences. The paramagnetic contrast agent Gd-DTPA was applied intravenously (0.1 mmol/kg). in patients with hepatitis, MRI could be used in guiding liver biopsies as inflammatory changes were clearly delineated. CT and ultrasound were superior to MRI in the detection of focal or diffuse fatty degeneration. On the other hand MRI was more helpful in differentiating fatty changes and neoplasm. In liver cirrhosis, fibrotic changes were most clearly demonstrated by MRI. In patients suffering from hemochromatosis MRI offers advantages over CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow up due to the paramagnetic properties of iron, resulting in a reduction in signal intensity. In patients with Wilson's disease a characteristic pattern of parenchymal changes was seen. Administration of Gd- DTPA contributes additional information about perfusion conditions in the liver parenchyma, however this information was not of diagnostic relevance in the cases we studied. Correspondence to: T.J. Vogl     

Quantitative relationship between pupillary reflex feature and its diopter in retinoscopy

ＱｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｐｕｐｉｌｌａｒｙｒｅｆｌｅｘｆｅａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｔｓｄｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｎｒｅｔｉｎｏｓｃｏｐｙＸｕＳｈａｎｇ（徐上）；ＪｉＳｈａｎｇｎｉａｎ（计尚年）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｐｈｔｈ...     

X-linked hypophosphatemia: Normal renal function despite medullary nephrocalcinosis 25 years after transient vitamin D2-induced renal azotemia

Nephrocalcinosis (NC) detected by ultrasound is a recognized abnormality for some patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) who received vitamin D₂ and inorganic phosphate therapy, but is commonly observed in XLH patients treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and inorganic phosphate supplementation. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up of kidney function in XLH patients with NC detected ultrasonographically has not been reported. We investigated two women with XLH, ages 31 (patient 1) and 39 (patient 2) years, each of whom had suffered at least one documented episode of vitamin D₂-induced hypercalcemia and renal azotemia during childhood. Patient 2 had also been treated with inorganic phosphate. No medications for XLH had been taken during adulthood. Renal ultrasonography at our institution demonstrated marked bilateral medullary NC in both women. No other explanation was found for their NC that apparently occurred several decades earlier from medical therapy for XLH. Detailed studies (including creatinine clearance, β₂-microglobulin excretion, and fasting urinary osmolality and acidification) revealed no impairment of kidney function in either patient. Our findings indicate that subradiographic medullary NC acquired during medical therapy for XLH may persist for decades, but with no adverse renal sequelae. Definitive (long-term) assessment of kidney function in the XLH population with NC, however, will be necessary to fully understand the risk of current medical treatment for this most common heritable form of rickets.     

彩超对高血脂患者的颈动脉内膜—中膜厚度及斑块形成检测分析

目的:探讨彩超检测高血脂患者颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度及斑块形成的意义,方法:medison-8000Ex高频超声对120例高血脂患者及120例血脂正常者两组,观察其动脉的内膜-中膜厚度及斑块形成情况。结果:血脂升高组,颈总动脉最大内膜-中膜厚度及粥样斑块发生率明显增高。结论:彩超可清晰显示颈动脉内膜-中膜情况,对高血脂引起的动脉粥样硬化检出预报和疗效观察有重要临床意义。     

Volume Flow Rate of Common Carotid Artery Measured by Doppler Method and Color Velocity Imaging Quantification (CVI-Q)

BACKGROUND: Common carotid artery (CCA) volume flow rate (VFR) is clinically useful for study of cerebrovascular disease. Color Velocity Imaging Quantification (CVI-Q; Philips Ultrasound International, Irvine, CA), previously reported as accurate and reliable, tracks the flow lumen over the cardiac cycle, as well as mean spatial velocity, which is multiplied by vessel area to obtain VFR. VFR can also be obtained by Doppler sampling for mean velocity, and vessel area based on static B-mode lumen diameter. We compared CCA VFR by CVI-Q and Doppler method (DM), since knowledge of how they compare is crucial when both are used clinically. METHOD: We prospectively studied patients having clinical carotid duplex exams and healthy controls. All had CCA VFR measured by both methods in the same exam session. RESULTS: Thirty-four studies were reviewed. CCA VFR by CVI-Q in those without ICA stenosis was 337 +/- 96 mL/m, and by DM 359 +/- 130 mL/m; P = .33. There was no difference between methods for 50-75% or 75-95% ICA stenosis. In 7 patients with ICA occlusion, and 3 with 95-99% stenosis, VFR was higher by DM than by CVI-Q (Occlusion: 125 vs 58 mL/m, P = .007; 95-99%: 152 vs 63 mL/m, P = .038). There was no statistically significant difference between methods for measurement of the ratio of VFR between right and left CCA. CONCLUSION: In patients with 0-95% ICA stenosis, VFR by CVI-Q and DM showed no difference. For 95-100% ICA stenosis the methods differ; with higher VFR by DM. Side-to-side VFR ratios remain constant, irrespective of VFR method, and can still provide clinically useful information.     

超声诊断异位妊娠249例临床分析

目的为了提高对异位妊娠的诊断技术。方法选择在我院经手术病理证实的异位妊娠249例住院患者行2DB超和CDFI的声像图特征进行分析。结果2D超声声像图特征在249例异位妊娠中内膜增厚223例，厚度为4—8mm／2；宫内假环状孕囊28例，大小为4．12mm；宫外探及孕囊178例，大小为8-48mm；盆腔混合性包块28例，大小为40．80mm：伴有黄体囊肿的123例，存活宫外孕3例，可显示原始心管搏动；CDFI声像图特征为宫外孕急性破裂的患者显示肿块及周围组织的彩色血流信号增多，动脉频谱血流速度增快，RI降低。结论超声检查对妇产科急诊有显著性作用，可直接指导临床明确诊断，选定治疗方案。     

Pulsed ultrasound Doppler velocimetry in the assessment of microvascular hemodynamics

Pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry (20 MHz) (PUDVM) has evolved considerably in the last 10 years. Engineering development has resulted in a computer-controlled vessel-scanning instrument whose backscattered frequency shift spectra are analyzed using fast Fourier transforms (FFT). Benchtop and theoretic studies indicate accurate (error less than 5%) velocity and volumetric flow rate measurements in vessels with a lumen diameter as small as 1.2 mm. Clinical application of the PUDVM has provided transcutaneous measurements of blood flow variables in normal human digital arteries. Experimental application to arteries 1.0-1.5 mm has provided information on the hemodynamic effects of topical vasodilators, standard microarteriorrhaphy, variations in microvascular technique, interpositional grafts, and early wound repair. With improving computer capabilities and technical modifications, the PUDVM will be an increasingly important tool in clinical and experimental microsurgery.