Estimation of the amniotic fluid volume using the Cavalieri method on ultrasound images.

OBJECTIVES: Presently, a design-based and practical method for measuring amniotic fluid volume (AFV) for routine clinical examinations has not been proposed. In this study we describe a new method, which combines the Cavalieri method with ultrasound imaging to estimate AFV. METHODS: We measured the AFVs of 14 women in the third trimester of pregnancy, and repeated our measurements three times for each woman. Parallel planimetric ultrasonographic images were obtained at every 2 cm along the longitudinal uterine axis. AFVs were calculated as the total of the multiples of the estimated cut surface areas by the section thickness. RESULTS: The mean estimated AFV was 380.5 cm3. The coefficient of error of each measurement was calculated and the mean was 0.108. The coefficient of correlation between the amniotic fluid index and our AFV estimations was 0.87. CONCLUSIONS: Design-based and efficient estimation of AFV is possible with the combination of consecutive ultrasound images and the Cavalieri method.     

Influence of body composition on quantitative ultrasound parameters of the os calcis in a population-based sample of pre- and postmenopausal women

Body mass is known to be related to measures of bone mineral density (BMD) as well as to parameters of quantitative ultrasound (US). To examine the effect of the body compartment's fat mass and lean body mass on quantitative ultrasonic bone parameters, data from a sample of 3241 German women were analyzed. Anthropometric measures, including skinfold thickness, were obtained from standardized measurements, and fat and lean body mass were derived from classical regression formulas based on skinfold measurements. Ultrasonic bone measurements were performed on the right os calcis, and speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) were determined. Women were grouped into pre- and postmenopausal status; postmenopausal women were further stratified into ever and never hormone-replacement user. Correlation analysis indicated lean body mass to be stronger correlated with BUA than fat mass in both pre- (r = 0.23; P= 0.0001) and postmenopausal women with (r = 0.19; P= 0.0001) and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (r = 0.26; p = 0.0001). SOS demonstrated very small or no associations with body mass or its components. Multiple linear regression models were used to describe the relationship among body weight, fat mass, and lean body mass on BUA after adjustment for confounding variables. Both in pre- and postmenopausal women lean body mass was more strongly related to BUA than fat mass. However, body mass measures explained only small amounts of the overall variance in BUA (R²= 1–3% in premenopausal women; R²= 1% postmenopausal with HRT; R²= 4–5% in postmenopausal women without HRT). In conclusion, the strong influence of body mass and its components previously reported for BMD was not observed for quantitative ultrasonic bone parameters. Received: 5 January 1999 / Accepted: 1 July 1999     

一种基于多门限二进制编码的多光谱图像分类新方法

不同类型的地物具有不同的反射光谱 ,在多维光谱空间中构成不同的特征向量 ,这便是遥感多光谱图象分析与识别的物理依据。传统方法中有基于单个象元波段亮度的、空间纹理的、变换空间的多光谱图象特征提取与分析方法 ,但这些方法并没有直接描述地物的最本质特征———反射光谱曲线 ,从上个世纪 80年代开始 ,当二进制编码的方法提出并在多光谱匹配识别中获得成功应用后 ,多光谱图象分析处理便可以在这种特征提取的基础上 ,研究新的方法。本文提出一种基于光谱形状描述的多门限的二进制编码分类方法 ,并给出了图象实验的结果。     

男性乳癌特征分析(附31例报告)

目的：了解男性乳癌特点，提高其早期诊断率及治疗效果。方法：对31例男性乳癌进行了回顾性分析。结合随访资料，应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析。结果：男性乳癌少见，病因不清，发病多在50岁以上，临床病例晚期多见，容易侵犯皮肤及胸肌，乳头常受累，可伴乳头溢血，淋巴结转移较早，雌激素受体阳性率高，治疗以手术为主，主要是改良根治术，包括化疗，内分泌治疗和放疗的综合治疗，预后与腋淋巴结转移状况有关。结论：男性乳癌晚期多见，治疗以综合治疗为主。预后与腋淋巴结转移状况相关。     

遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌(10个家族27例报告)

分析遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌(HNPCC)的临床特点。方法:对10个家族27例HNPCC患者(A组)进行回顾性分析,并设30例一般大肠癌为对照组(B组)进行比较。结果:<50岁患者A组占59.3%(16/27),B组占23.3%(7/30),P<0.05。脾曲以上癌灶A组为40.0%(12/30),B组为16.1%(5/31),P<0.05。大肠多原发癌A组占10.0%(3/30),B组占3.2%(1/31)。大肠外肿瘤A组6例,B组2例。结论:HNPCC具有典型的临床特征,这些特征可以对HNPCC患者进行早期诊断及治疗,以得到较好的预后。     

38例肺源性脑转移瘤临床病理分析

目的 肺源性脑转移瘤临床病理特征。方法 研究38例肺源性脑转移瘤的临床和病理特点,男性27例,女性11例;年龄在30-74岁之间。其中5例转移性癌作免疫组织化学染色和电镜观察。结果 20例为腺癌,12/20为乳头状腺癌;5例为腺鳞癌,7例为鳞形细胞癌,4例为燕麦细胞癌,2例为不典型类癌;5例乳头状腺癌作免疫组织化学染色示CK(5/5)和CEA(4/5)为阳性;电镜显示转移性乳头状腺癌具有肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞分化潜能。结论 肺癌中腺癌更易发生脑转移,免疫组织化学在鉴别诊断中有一定的辅助作用,转移性乳头状腺癌具有异质性。     

氯芬黄敏片中人工牛黄测定方法的改进

将氯芬黄敏片(感冒通片)人工牛黄测定过程中的加氯仿研磨改成加氯仿超声,改进前后测定结果对比表明此方法可行,为以后质量标准的修订提供了有益参考     

我国车祸的流行病学特征及影响因素分析

本研究的目的在于分析1951～1994年我国车祸的流行病学特征及其影响因素，为车祸的预防和控制提供依据。43年中我国车祸发生数增加了42倍，死亡人数增加了77倍。1984～1994年车祸年死亡率由2．43／10万人上升到5．56／10万人，平均年增长率为12．9％。广东、浙江、辽宁、四川和江苏是车祸最多的省份，5省的车祸发生数占全国总发生数45％，死亡人数占38％。1994年30个省市区的车祸死亡率以北京市为最低（3．41／10万人），浙江省最高（12．09／10万人），广东省的升幅最大。致死性车祸多发生于天气晴朗时的平直路段，以20～50岁的农民和职工居多，死者2／3为行人、骑自行车者和乘车者。各类事故的原因中驾驶员责任、无证开车、骑自行车人责任和行人过失等人的因素占90％。驾驶员肇事原因主要是违章行车、判断错误或疏忽大意。车辆增加、运输繁忙和道路不足、交通条件欠完善是导致车祸的主要因素。预防和控制车祸的根本措施在于改善交通环境和加强交通安全教育。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗肝癌16例初步疗效观察

目的：观察高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效。方法：采用FEP—BY01型高能聚焦超声热疗机，联合肝动脉检塞化疗（TACE）、抗癌中成药及支持对症治疗，对16例不能手术的肝癌进行综合治疗。结果：治疗后患者临床症状改善，疼痛缓解评分与疗前相比，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；B超显示回声增强，血流明显减少；AFP水平下降，无明显肝功能改变；无明显并发症发生。结论：HIFU治疗中晚期肝癌能缓解患者疼痛，改善生活质量，值得进一步研究。     

国内首起本地感染甲型H1N1流感疫情的流行病学分析

目的 分析周内首起甲型H1N1流感输入性传染源引发本地二代病例疫情,探讨发病规律和流行特征.方法 设计统一调查表,采用面对面病例个案调查和现场调查,以指示病例为起点进行追踪,描述传播过程及各因素与发病之间的关系,分析疫情的流行病学特征.结果 发现指示病例后,密切接触者中有2人出现发热和上呼吸道症状且咽拭子甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测阳性,被确诊为国内首起本地感染甲型H1N1流感病例.2名密切接触者未采取任何防护措施与指爪病例多次近距离接触,且现场通风不良;发病潜伏期37～57 h,临床表现均较指示病例轻.经采取严格防疫措施,未见新发病例.结论 此次事件为由输人性传染源引起的本地感染疫情,无防护近距离空气及飞沫传播为主要传播方式,空气流通不良的密闭空间是高危场所.